5,846 research outputs found
Erratum: Correction: H<sub>2</sub> as a fuel for flavin- and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-dependent biocatalytic reactions (Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) (2020))
No full textCorrection for 'H2 as a fuel for flavin- and H2O2-dependent biocatalytic reactions' by Ammar Al-Shameri et al., Chem. Commun., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03229h.BT/Biocatalysi
Il libro dei minerali e delle pietre preziose (da "Le meraviglie del creato e le stranezze degli esseri")
No full textThe Book of Minerals and Precious Stones is the first complete translation into a Western language of the Lapidary by Zakariyyā al-Qazwīnī, a section of the encyclopedia of natural history bearing the title Aǧā’ib al-maḫlūqāt wa ġarā’ib al-mawǧūdāt (meaning The Wonders of Creation and the Oddities of Existence). Composed around the second half of the 13th century, and more commonly known in the West as Cosmography, al-Qazwīnī's treatise is one of the most popular works of Islamic medieval literature, as proved by the numerous extant manuscript copies found in libraries worldwide. In this section of the work, al-Qazwīnī discusses the therapeutic virtues, harmful effects, and occult properties of over one hundred and fifty minerals, including metals, precious gems, and oily substances. He weaves together an encyclopedic mosaic that incorporates Arab traditions of Aristotelian philosophy, ancient alchemical knowledge, Hippocratic-Galenic traditions, Islamic medicine, and anecdotes drawn from various literary sources. The author's perspective on the astonishing properties of minerals reflects Islamic thought, which sees the ingenious architecture of nature as a tangible evidence of divine omnipotence
Radiation-induced genomic instability and cellular communication: mechanistic investigations
No full textCommunication between irradiated and un-irradiated (bystander) cells can cause damage in cells that are not directly targeted by ionizing radiation (IR); a process known as the bystander effect (BE). BE can also lead to genomic instability (GI) within the progeny of bystander cells, similar to the progeny of directly irradiated cells. The molecular factors that mediate this cellular communication can be transferred between cells via gap junctions or be released into the extracellular media/microenvironment of cells and tissue following irradiation. Although GI is thought to be a critical step in the onset and progression of cancer, BE response contributions in such processes are still not clear. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the risks or benefits associated with the induction of non-targeted effects especially BE following exposure to low LET X-ray radiation using two different cell types.
Additionally, the project aims to achieve an increased understanding of the mechanisms of non-targeted effects of ionizing radiation by examining the molecular signalling via exosomes within the irradiated, bystander and progeny of irradiated and bystander cell population. Different cell combinations were established between tumour (MCF7) and nontumour (HMT-3522S1) human breast epithelial cells using a 6-well plate co-culture system. The cells were irradiated with two doses of X-ray; 0.1 Gy (a iagnostic
procedure relevant dose) and 2 Gy (therapeutic dose) and a sham-irradiation dose of 0 Gy (for control groups of experiment). The co-culturing time was 4 hours for all cell combination, whereupon a media transfer approach was used to induce BE within the cells in the exosome part of this study. The early and late cellular damage responses were evaluated by the following biological endpoints: cytogenetic/chromosomal analysis, apoptotic analysis, telomere length and telomerase activity measurements. In addition to these biological endpoints, the comet assay was utilised to estimate the initial and delayed DNA damage within the cells that had been treated with exosomes,
previously extracted from the irradiated, bystander and control cell media.
The results showed that 2 Gy direct irradated MCF7 and HMT cells were both able to induce early and late chromosomal damage in the bystander MCF7 and HMT cells. Furthermore, these bystander cells exhibited early and delayed telomeric instability, which could prompt further GI at later time-points. In comparison, 0.1 Gy direct ii irradiated MCF7 cells were only able to induce initial and delayed chromosomal damage within the bystander MCF7, which also demonstrated a high level of telomeric instability at early and late time-points. While, bystander HMT cells did not show chromosomal damage after 1, 12 and 24 generations/population doublings following co-culture with 0.1 Gy direct irradiated MCF7 or HMT cells. 0.1 Gy bystander HMT cells did reveal a high level of apoptosis at early and late time points, which might be due the removal of cells with a high level of chromosomal damage.
Interestingly, the 0.1 Gy bystander HMT cells exhibited significant levels of telomeric instability at early and late time points, which could contribute to chromosomal instability at later time-points.
The investigation in to the mechanisms of molecular signalling via exosomes showed that the exosomes of irradiated cell conditioned media (ICCM) from MCF7 cells had the ability to induce BE within MCF7 and HMT cells similar to the effects of ICCM following 2 Gy X-ray. The exosomes that were isolated from the MCF7 bystander cell media had a similar effect as the ICCM on the MCF7 and HMT bystander cells. These exosome-bystander cells also showed GI within their progeny after 24 generations and retained the ability to induce cellular damage to fresh un-irradiated MCF7 cells, demonstrating an underlying mechanism for propagating the delayed damage responses. The inhibition of the exosome’s cargo molecules by RNase treatment and protein denaturating (boiling of exosmes) significantly abrogated BE and GI in both MCF7 and HMT bystander cells following 2 Gy X-ray. Thus data demonstrated crucial roles for exosome RNA and protein molecules in the non-targeted effects of IR induction.
In summary, our investigations demonstrate that BE has detrimental consequences within the tumour and non-tumour breast epithelial cells (MCF7 and HMT3522S1) following low and high doses of X-ray irradiation, and these detrimental consequences are frequently mediated by exosomes that contain RNA and protein molecules. Inhibition of these molecules can abrogate BE and GI following a radiotherapy dose, which can potentially have an application in clinical radiotherapy
KONSEP KELUARGA SURGAWI DALAM AL-QUR’AN (Studi Analisis Kisah Ammar bin Yasir dalam Tafsir Surah Al-Nahl Ayat 106)
No full textDETY AFRIDA, (2021) : KONSEP KELUARGA SURGAWI DALAM AL-QUR’AN (Studi Analisis Kisah Ammar bin Yasir dalam Tafsir Surah Al-Nahl Ayat 106)
Penelitian ini membahas mengenai konsep keluarga surgawi dalam perspektif al-Qur’an studi analisis kisah Ammar bin Yasir dalam tafsir surah al-Nahl ayat 106. Keluarga surgawi merupakan lingkungan sosial terkecil dalam kehidupan manusia yang mempunyai keinginan untuk memperoleh kenikmatan yang kekal bersama-sama. Konsep keluarga surgawi dalam Islam membangun nilai-nilai spiritual dengan tujuan bisa berkumpul kembali di surga. Hal ini telah dilalui oleh keluarga Ammar bin Yasir dalam hidupnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsep keluarga surgawi dalam kisah Ammar bin Yasir yang terdapat pada tafsir surah al-Nahl ayat 106. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research) dengan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode deskriptif analisis. Adapun metode tafsir yang digunakan adalah metode tafsir tahlili dengan sumber data primer dan data sekunder dari buku-buku dan sumber kepustakaan. Hasil dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan ayat dan hadis yang turun mengenai Ammar bin Yasir terdapat gambaran konsep keluarga surgawi. pertama, keimanan, yang mana keimanan menjadi landasan utama dalam membangun keluarga surgawi. Kedua, sabar dalam menyikapi masalah, baik masalah tersebut dari lingkup keluarga maupun dari luar lingkup keluarga. Kemudian dilihat dari kisah keluarga Ammar bin Yasir dapat diambil konsep mengenai hubungan orang tua terhadap anak begitupun sebaliknya.Tatkala konsep keluarga surgawi yang telah diterapkan oleh keluarga Ammar bin Yasir mengantarkannya kepada kebahagiaan dan ganjaran, berupa keluarga Ammar bin Yasir dido’akan oleh Rasulullah ﷺ, kisah Ammar bin Yasir menjadi asbab turunnya surah al-Nahl ayat 106, contoh teladan bagi umat Islam sepanjang zaman, serta balasan yang paling diharapkan adalah surga dari Allah ﷻ.
Kata Kunci : Keluarga Surgawi, Ammar bin Yasir, Al-Nahl 106
Construction details against moisture in ancient Babylon and its surroundings
No full textBabylon lays in a semi-desertic environment characterized by high temperatures and elevated thermal excursions during winter, with
differences of 30 °C or more. This difficult climate is co-existing with a very elevated presence of humidity showing in various forms:
atmospheric moisture, rain- and ground water, condensation. Moreover, a high presence of salts is evident in the whole region where
during dry seasons flat surfaces become white.
Temperature oscillation, moisture and salts together determine severe physical and chemical reactions and biological growth on and in
adobe walls, resulting in a varied range of deterioration patterns. Historical constructors have evidently faced these concerns in ancient
times and developed strategies to contain, when not eliminate, such threats.
An accurate observation of the archaeological remains unveils the peculiar know-how of ancient builders, who put up skilled strategies to
contain effects of the raising moisture and presence of salts on earthen walls.
Examples have been investigated in different settlements in the Babil region, in Babylon, Borsippa and Kish. The ancient technological
strategies observed are considered to be a great inspiration for the development of solutions for new construction.
This contribution is a first compilation of case studies and analysis gathered in the frame of the conservation works of the Ninmakh Temple
in Babylon, a project coordinated by World Monuments Fund and the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage (SBAH)
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