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Taxonomy of five species of cyrtophorids (Protozoa: Ciliophora) including consideration of the phylogeny of two new genera
No full textPan, Hongbo, Lin, Xiaofeng, Gong, Jun, Al-Rashied, Khaled A. S., Song, Weibo (2012): Taxonomy of five species of cyrtophorids (Protozoa: Ciliophora) including consideration of the phylogeny of two new genera. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (1): 1-17, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00751.x, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00751.
Aporthotrochilia Pan & Lin & Gong & Al-Rashied & Song 2012, GEN. NOV.
No full textGENUS: APORTHOTROCHILIA GEN. NOV. <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Dorsoventrally compressed Hartmannulidae with a podite; oral kineties reduced to two fragments; several kinetal fragments positioned on the right posterior of frontoventral kineties; postoral kineties strongly shortened posteriad; terminal fragments consisting of several parallel arranged fragments.</p> <p> <i>Type species:</i> <i>Aporthotrochilia pulex</i> (Deroux, 1976) comb. nov. (basionym: <i>Trichopodiella pulex</i> Deroux, 1976).</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> Composite of Greek prefix apo- (derived from) and the generic name <i>Orthotrochilia</i>; feminine gender.</p> <p> <i>Comparison:</i> In general, <i>Aporthotrochilia</i> gen. nov. resembles <i>Orthotrochilia</i> Song, 2003 in oral ciliature and the pattern of postoral kineties. However, the new genus can be distinguished by the presence of several extra kinetal fragments, i.e. the posterior fragments are on right posterior of frontoventral kineties and the higher number of terminal fragments (more than one vs. single) (Song, 2003).</p> <p> Compared with other closely related genera (e.g. <i>Microxysma</i>, <i>Trochilioides</i>, <i>Chlamydonyx</i>), <i>Aporthotrochilia</i> can be clearly identified by having two perioral kineties (vs. two circumoral and one preoral kineties), several terminal fragments (vs. single), and several extra kinety fragments caudally positioned on right of frontoventral kineties (vs. none) (Deroux, 1976c).</p>Published as part of <i>Pan, Hongbo, Lin, Xiaofeng, Gong, Jun, Al-Rashied, Khaled A. S. & Song, Weibo, 2012, Taxonomy of five species of cyrtophorids (Protozoa: Ciliophora) including consideration of the phylogeny of two new genera, pp. 1-17 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (1)</i> on page 6, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00751.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4890326">http://zenodo.org/record/4890326</a>
Heterohartmannula Pan & Lin & Gong & Al-Rashied & Song 2012, GEN. NOV.
No full textGENUS: HETEROHARTMANNULA GEN. NOV. <p> <i>Diagnosis:</i> Dorsoventrally flattened Hartmannulidae with a tail-shaped podite; two circumoral kineties distinctly detached, obliquely arranged in a line with fragmented preoral kinety.</p> <p> <i>Type species: Heterohartmannula fangi</i> sp. nov. All measurements in Mm. Abbreviations: CV, coefficient of variation (%); EF, equatorial fragment; FvK, frontoventral kineties; Max, maximum; Mean, arithmetic mean; Min, minimum; <i>N</i>, number of specimens; SD, standard deviation; TF, terminal fragment.</p> <p> <i>Etymology:</i> The prefix ‘hetero’ indicates that the new genus is different from the well-known genus <i>Hartmannula</i>; feminine gender.</p> <p> <i>Remarks:</i> The family Hartmannulidae is characterized by: presence of podite, left kineties as a continuous field and macronucleus heteromerous (Deroux, 1976c; Corliss, 1979). The genus <i>Heterohartmannula</i> corresponds well to these features. Thus it belongs to Hartmannulidae.</p> <p> Compared with other related genera in Hartmannulidae (e.g. <i>Aegyriana</i>, <i>Brooklynella</i>, <i>Chlamydonyx</i>, <i>Hartmannula</i>, <i>Orthotrochilia</i>, <i>Trochilioides</i>), the oral ciliature of <i>Heterohartmannula</i> gen. nov. is unique: the circumoral kineties are detached and obliquely arranged in a line (vs. closely arranged as equal marklike), and the preoral kinety is composed of several (e.g. two to four) distinctly detached fragments (vs. single and continuous) (Deroux, 1976c; Song & Wilbert, 2002; Song, 2003; Gong & Song, 2004b, 2006). These differences support the establishment of a new genus.</p>Published as part of <i>Pan, Hongbo, Lin, Xiaofeng, Gong, Jun, Al-Rashied, Khaled A. S. & Song, Weibo, 2012, Taxonomy of five species of cyrtophorids (Protozoa: Ciliophora) including consideration of the phylogeny of two new genera, pp. 1-17 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (1)</i> on pages 2-3, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00751.x, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4890326">http://zenodo.org/record/4890326</a>
Aporthotrochilia pulex Pan & Lin & Gong & Al-Rashied & Song 2012
No full textAPORTHOTROCHILIA PULEX (DEROUX, 1976) COMB. NOV. (FIG. 3; TABLE 3) Basionym: Trichopodiella pulex Deroux, 1976. New diagnosis: Body oval in outline, size in vivo 25–40 ¥ 15–20 Mm; a small podite subterminally positioned; two contractile vacuoles situated on right side; one frontoventral kinety and three to five posterior fragments; nine to ten ventral kineties in postoral field; four to five terminal fragments; marine habitat. Slide deposition: One voucher slide with protargol specimens is deposited in the Natural History Museum, London, UK with registration number 2010:11:7:3. Another two slides are deposited in the Laboratory of Protozoology, Ocean University of China (no. PHB 09121509). All measurements in Mm. CV, coefficient of variation (%); FvK, frontoventral kineties; Ma, macronucleus; Max., maximum; Mean, arithmetic mean; Min., minimum; N, number of specimens; PF, posterior fragments; SD, standard deviation; SK, somatic kineties; TF, terminal fragments. Redescription: Body size about 25–40 ¥ 15–20 Mm in vivo; cells oval shaped with left margin sometimes slightly sigmoidal, both end bluntly rounded. Dorsoventrally flattened, ventral side flat and dorsal side slightly vaulted (Fig. 3A–E, I, N). Cytostome relatively small, subanteriorly positioned, nematodesmal rods hard to detect. Cytoplasm colourless or greyish, with several tiny, greasily shining granules (1–2 Mm across) and few food vacuoles (4–5 Mm across). Two contractile vacuoles (c. 3 Mm in diameter) positioned in anterior and posterior one-third near right margin (Fig. 3F, arrows). Podite inconspicuous, 4 Mm long, subterminally positioned (Fig. 3H, arrow). Macronucleus ellipsoid, positioned in body centre, heteromerous. Micronucleus not detected. Cilia about 6 Mm long. Movement by slowly gliding on substrate. Infraciliature as shown in Figure 3G, J, K, L, M, P–T. The short three to five right-most of the ventral kineties, which are anteriorly shortened progressively from left to right and posteriorly positioned, forming posterior fragments (PFs); the longest PF only extending forward to anterior one-third of body length (Fig. 3M, P, R). One frontoventral kinety (FvK) positioned next to PF extending apically. Both FvK and PF terminating posteriorly at the same level, and basal bodies densely arranged at their posterior ends (Fig. 3R, arrowheads). Nine to ten ventral kineties postorally positioned, strongly shortened from right to left. Terminal fragments consisting of four to five fragments (Fig. 3G, Q). Equatorial fragment not detected. Perioral kineties positioned anterior to cytostome, consisting of two fragments, both distinctly separated and composed of dikinetids. Morphogenesis: Only two specimens in middle and late stages of the morphogenetic process have been observed (Fig. 3K, L, S, T). These showed that (1) perioral kineties of opisthe were developed from the oral primordium in midbody, which is generated from sections of postoral kineties; (2) the posterior fragments of both proter and opisthe stem from the parental posterior fragments. Remarks: Deroux (1976c) described a species under the name of Trichopodiella pulex with its infraciliature (Fig. 3O) in detail: one frontoventral kinety, 11 postoral kineties and three or four posterior fragments; the postoral kineties strongly shortened. However, he did not note whether the podite is present. Our isolate corresponds very well to the original report in terms of infraciliature, except for the only difference in the number of postoral kineties (ten vs. 11), which is, however, considered minor. Therefore, our isolate should represent a population of Trichopodiella pulex. However, during our study, we found this organism was quite different from other Trichopodiella spp. by: the presence of podite (vs. absence), four to five terminal fragments (vs. single), three to five distinct posterior fragments (vs. none) and two perioral kineties (vs. single) (Fauré-Fremiet, 1957; Deroux & Dragesco, 1968; Deroux, 1976c; Gong et al., 2008). Therefore, we concluded that this small species should represent a distinct genus, and assigned it to the new genus Aporthotrochilia as Aporthotrochilia pulex (Deroux, 1976) gen. et comb. nov.Published as part of Pan, Hongbo, Lin, Xiaofeng, Gong, Jun, Al-Rashied, Khaled A. S. & Song, Weibo, 2012, Taxonomy of five species of cyrtophorids (Protozoa: Ciliophora) including consideration of the phylogeny of two new genera, pp. 1-17 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 164 (1) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2011.00751.x, http://zenodo.org/record/489032
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
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Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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