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Reservoir characterization of the unconventional Najmah Formation, Sabriyah field, northern Kuwait
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.2017 Summer.The Sabriyah Field is one of the largest producing elds in northern Kuwait. It is domi- nated by carbonate rocks. The Najmah Formation is considered the hydrocarbon source for most of Sabriyah eld reservoirs. The objective of this research is to characterize the Na- jmah Kerogen Formation to provide a better understanding of the formation, pore structure, permeability and porosity for future drilling plans. The Najmah Kerogen unconventional reservoir has an average thickness of 50 ft. (Acharya et al., 2009) and is laterally continuous from the east to west of Kuwait. It is fractured and has minor subtle faults. The Najmah Kerogen Member of Najmah Formation is an unconventional resource play indicated by its low eective permeability (range from 0.01- 1.5mD). The great potential arises from the excellent total organic content (TOC) that ranges from 2.13-30.5 wt.% with an average of 8.3 wt.% and a vitrinite re ectance (Ro) of 1.28-6.6% (Khan et al., 2014). The Najmah Kerogen Member is mainly composed of calcite, minor dolomite and illite clay indicated by XRD analysis. The methods used for the geological reservoir characterization were both qualitative and quantitative for better understanding of the porosity and permeability of the unconventional reservoir. The qualitative methods included core description, analysis petrographic thin sections, Field emission Scanning electron microscope (FESEM), facies, fossils and sedimen- tary structures. The quantitative methods used were the x-ray diraction (XRD), x-ray uorescence (XRF), source rock analyzer and modied Schmoker equation for TOC mea- surements. In addition, mercury injection capillary pressure and nitrogen adsorption were used to measure the pore size distribution of the samples. The Najmah Kerogen is organic-rich mudstone that is composed mainly of calcite, dolomite quartz and pyrite. The dominant grain size was the mudsize of micrite (<0.02 mm) that reached 0.2 mm (sand size) in other samples determined from the petrographic thin sec- iii tions. In addition, the pore diameters measured from mercury injection capillary pressure (MICP) and nitrogen adsorption analyses were 0.0036-0.007 microns and 0.6-21 nm. The porosity ranged from 2-6% and dominant pore type was the organic matter pores and most of Najmah pore sizes were nanopores that explains the high entry pressure needed for MICP experiment. The texture of Najmah Kerogen Member is mature to over-mature, well sorted and well rounded grains. The micrite texture is subhedral to anhedral due to the secondary diagenesis cementation. The diagenetic processes observed were the dissolution and micriti- zation that enhance the pore development and also the secondary cementation of matrix over-printing and grain overgrowths that close the pores in the matrix. The fossils observed were ostracods, sh bones and shell fragments. The Najmah Kerogen was deposited in an in- trashelf basin that was anoxic during the deposition allowing the organic matter preservation and pyrite framboid formation. Most of the sediments of the Najmah Kerogen have both a biogenic and detrital origin. Pyro-bitumen was observed in all samples with secondary pyrite framboids suggesting the anoxic environmental conditions and conrmed by the XRD and XRF. The entry pressure of the samples in MICP was directly proportional with the depth. The Najmah Kerogen Member has a great potential for development of light oil and gas. This research will help delineate the dierent properties of Najmah Kerogen and its permeability association that will pave the way for the development of unconventional resources in Kuwait
Multi-scale study of the organic matter in Najmah formation and its implications for fractures and petrophysical properties in the Sabriyah field, North Kuwait, A
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.2023 Spring.The Sabriyah field is one of the largest producing fields in Kuwait that is mostly domi- nated with carbonate-rich lithology in Jurassic interval. The Najmah Formation was consid- ered the hydrocarbon source for most Sabriyah field reservoirs until unconventional reservoirs were explored in Kuwait. Production from Najmah Kerogen member has not begun yet. However, the Najmah Kerogen has a high potential from the excellent source beds that con- tain total organic carbon content (TOC) ranging from 2.13-12.26 wt.% with an average of 8.3 wt.% and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of 1.28-6.6%. However, the organic matter related to the pore structure, petrophysical properties, fractures and geomechanical properties, reservoir quality, and regional analogs is still not clearly understood.
The methods used in this study integrate core petrographic thin section analysis, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB-SEM), X-Ray di↵raction (XRD), source rock geochemistry and pyrolysis for TOC, logR Passey method for TOC estimation, core porosity and permeability analy- sis, dynamic geomechanical elastic rock properties’ analysis, stereonet fracture, static earth modeling, and basin tectonic modeling. These analyses are then compared to the Niobrara and Haynesville formations.
The findings of this research are summarized as follows: (1) the mature organic matter improves the reservoir properties through the increase of the porosity and pore connectivity that increase the permeability, and reservoir quality of the Najmah, Niobrara, and Hay- nesville formations. However, it can cause an overestimation in the organic-rich zones of the well logs and thus needs kerogen correction. (2) The organic matter is the main contribu- tor to porosity and pore connectivity, confirmed by the FIB-SEM 3D modeling of the S-11 sample of the Najmah Kerogen. (3) The dominant porosity of the Najmah Kerogen is the organic matter porosity, which di↵ers from the Niobrara and Haynesville that are dominant
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in the matrix. (4) The elastic rock properties classified the Najmah as a ductile formation. (5) The fractures for the Najmah Kerogen in the Sabriyah Field are similar to the Niobrara and Haynesville trending of NW-SE, N-S, and NE-SW directions for Najmah, NE-SW, and NW-SE directions for Niobrara, and NW-SE direction for Haynesville formations that can be used in the process of well placement, drilling, and reservoir hydraulic fracture stimulation of the future reservoir and field developments.
This research study focuses on providing descriptive information on the petrophysical and fracture modeling of Najmah Kerogen reservoir variations as a function of organic mat- ter content and mineral composition. In addition, this research extends our understanding of the unconventional reservoir potential of the Najmah Kerogen by performing a high- resolution study of the pore structure/ architecture to characterize the pore composition, pore connectivity, mineralogy, and organic matter content, and its relation to the rock prop- erties, petrophysical properties and fractures of Najmah Kerogen. Thus, this research helps delineate the di↵erent properties of the overmature Najmah Kerogen and its permeability association. It will provide a detailed geological and petrophysical guide for future studies and reservoir field developments of well-design production plans from the Najmah Formation as an unconventional reservoir
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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