1,720,968 research outputs found
Body composition analysis by bioelectrical impedance and its relationship with nutritional status in older adults: a cross-sectional descriptive study
No full textCurrently, in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), adults aged ≥ 60 years make up approximately 6% of the total population, and this is predicted to reach around 23% by the year 2050 (1). The expected changes in the age distribution of the population will increase the incidence and prevalence of many chronic diseases (2,3),which are known to occur more commonly in the Saudi older age group (4-6). A poor diet, in addition to sedentary lifestyle and genetics, plays a crucial role in the increased prevalence of many chronic diseases (7,8). For example, the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia and hypertension in the KSA, which are known risk factors of cardiovascular disease, a major cause of death in the KSA, have reached 49.6%, 25.1%, 32.1% and 30.3%, respectively (9). With ageing, there is a loss of lean body mass (mainly skeletal muscle), an increase in fat mass (10) and a decrease in resting energy expenditure (11). With the loss of muscle comes a loss of strength, and, consequently, older adults may become less active, which contributes to further loss of muscle. On the other hand, national surveys conducted in the KSA show that overweight and obesity have reached high rates in the adult population (12-14), which indicates that KSA is now facing a serious obesity-prevalence crisis. There has, however, been less focus on lean mass, and its functional significance, in the older Saudi population. Therefore, the current study aimed to assess body composition and the relationship between body composition and nutritional status in community dwelling older adults attending primary health care centers (PHCCs) in Riyadh city, KS
Prevalence of malnutrition and its association with activities of daily living in older adults attending primary health care centers: A multistage cross-sectional study
No full textThe Effect of the Breast Feeding on the Risk of Overweight among Four Years Old Saudi children
No full textPrimary prevention of obesity is more effective if a well designed strategy is focused on the early roots of the causes of overweight and obesity. Increasing duration of breast feeding was shown to be associated with a lower risk of overweight later in life, whereas others failed to confirm that association. Breast-feeding for more than one year was the rule in most villages and rural areas of the Kingdom as reported by several investigators. However, later others researchers indicated that there is a sharp drop in the duration of exclusive breast-feeding in rural and urban areas alike which was attributed partly to availability of infant formula and other baby foods on the market at reasonable price as well as modernization behavior. The increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity worldwide has been described by many researchers as epidemic. Several studies showed that a child or adolescent who is overweight or obese has a high risk of being so at 35 years of age. The risk is increased with age while underweight six years old children were 3.6 times are likely to remain at adolescence and overweight ones were 2.8 times are likely to become overweight adolescents. The data for this study were collected from mothers of 200 children below four years of age who visited the primary Health Care Centers (PHCC) in Riyadh City, Saudi Arabia. The PHCC were selected randomly from the five regional zones in the city (Two PHCC from each zone). The weight and height of the children were measured and the mothers were interviewed by well trained nutrition students using a pilot, tested and validated questionnaire concerning the duration of breast-feeding of their children. Data from fifteen children were excluded from the analysis as these were incomplete. The results of this study show that children who were breast-fed for more than six months are at a lower risk of being obese (27.2% vs., 42.1%; p <0.001) as compared with those who were breast-fed for less than six months, and there is a negative correlation between BMI and duration of breast-feeding. However, no significant difference between the two groups in relation to overweight was observed (9.2% vs., 10.3%; p <0.3). in conclusion, primarily prevention of overweight and obesity could be the key strategy for controlling the current epidemic of overweight and obesity among Saudis and these strategies seem to be more effective if action is initiated early in childhood rather than among adults. Therefore, breast-feeding promotion program should be one of the strategies to prevent overweight and obesity among adults and should well be designed to be effective.King saud universit
Nutrition education needs of Saudi Arabian women during pregnancy
Get PDFThis study identifies the impact of the level of prenatal care on the weight gains of a sample of Saudi pregnant women and the birth weights of their newborn babies. It highlights the factors linked to low birth weight to help define high-risk groups, and makes recommendations for potential intervention
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Normative data for handgrip strength in Saudi older adults visiting primary health care centers
No full textBackground and objective: handgrip strength (HGS) plays a vital role as a predictor of adverse health outcomes. Several studies have established HGS norms by age, sex, hand, occupation, culture or disability in different countries and for children in Saudi Arabia. However standardized values for Saudi older adults has not been reported yet. Therefore, the current study was aimed to establish normative data for HGS in Saudi older adults visiting primary health care centers (PHCCs).
Material and Method: in this descriptive cross-sectional study, HGS in kilograms was measured using a hydraulic hand dynamometer in Saudi older adults (n=2045) aged ≥60 years 27 visiting 15 PHCCs selected randomly from the five geographical regions of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between January 2015 and April 2017. The average mean from three successive trials, standard deviations, and 95% confidence intervals presented for the left and right hands of men and women in six age groups (60–64, 65–69, 70–74, 75-79, 80-84, and 85+ years). The analyses were performedusing the ANOVA test for all the age groups and to determine whether any differences exist between them.
Results: the average mean HGS was significantly (p<0.0001) differ by the left and right hands of men and women in six age groups. Discussion: The current study presents specific norms for HGS in Saudi older adults by age, sex, and hand. Further studies are required to examine the utility of these norms for prediction of morbidity and mortality in this populatio
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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