54 research outputs found
The CKC Challenge: Exploring Tools for Collaborative Knowledge Construction
No full textThe great success of Web 2.0 is mainly fuelled by an infrastructure that allows web users to create, share, tag, and connect content and knowledge easily. The tools for developing structured knowledge in this manner have started to appear as well. However, there are few, if any, user studies that are aimed at understanding what users expect from such tools, what works and what doesn't. We organized the Collaborative Knowledge Construction (CKC) Challenge to assess the state of the art for the tools that support collaborative processes for creation of various forms of structured knowledge. The goal of the Challenge was to get users to try out different tools and to learn what users expect from such tools /features that users need, features that they like or dislike. The Challenge task was to construct structured knowledge for a portal that would provide information about research. The Challenge design contained several incentives for users to participate. Forty-nine users registered for the Challenge; thirty three of them participated actively by using the tools. We collected extensive feedback from the users where they discussed their thoughts on all the tools that they tried. In this paper, we present the results of the Challenge, discuss the features that users expect from tools for collaborative knowledge constructions, the features on which Challenge participants disagreed, and the lessons that we learned
Colonization of Staphylococcus xylosus in the kidneys and bladder of mice
No full textTwo isolates of Staphylococcus xylosus (urease producer and non urease producer) were injected in mice at a dose of 2 × 108 colony-forming units (CFU) intraurethrally. Results showed that both isolates were able to colonize kidney and bladder of the injected mice, regardless of their urease production. Moreover, there were insignificant differences between the two groups. These results emphasized the pathogenicity of this bacteria in UTI
Effect of Lactobacilli sources on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus adherence to uroepithelial cells
No full textThe inhibitory action of four lactobacilli isolates Lactobacillus bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum and L. fermentum, isolated from four different samples; yoghurt, vinegar, saliva and vagina respectively, on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus adhesion to uroepithelial cells were investigated. Results showed that all Lactobacillus isolates or their supernatant were able to reduce the number of the uropathogens attached to uroepithelial cells. However, inhibition level of lactobacilli cells was higher than their supernatant. Nevertheless, the human indigenous lactobacilli (L. fermentum and L. plantarum) were more competitive than food lactobacilli (L. acidophilus and L. bulgaricus)
Effectiveness of some β- lactamase encoding genes on biofilm formation and slime layer production by uropathogenic Escherichia coli
No full textIn present study 74 specimens of urine were collected from patients suffering from urinary tract infections. Fifty (67.56%) isolates were identified as Escherichia coli. 78% of isolates were identified as extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producer. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done and ceftazidime was selected to complete this study by implying stress at sub-MIC on isolate harbor high number of resistance genes (N11) and compared with sensitive isolate (S). Only four β-lactamase coding genes were detected; blaTEM, blaPER, blaVIM and blaCTX-M-2, and N11 had blaTEM, blaPER, and blaVIM. It was found that the resistant isolate did not form biofilm when compared with the sensitive one, which formed moderate biofilm. In addition, ceftazidime stress reduced the ability to produce slime layer and affected the viable bacterial count in combination with pH and temperature stresses.
 
Al-Sharif Al-Radi: His Life and Poetry
No full textThe aim of this work is to study al-Sharif al-Radl, his life and poetry. The first part deals with the poet’s environment and life; the second with his poetry. Chapter I deals with the political conditions under which the poet lived. The purpose of the second chapter is to portray Al-Radl's social environment and its reflection in contemporary poetry. The third chapter describes the literary environment of Al-Radl's age at some length. The fourth chapter aims to study Al-Radl's life in detail. The factors which influenced his outlook and personality are discussed. An attempt is made to discern how far these factors affected his poetry. The second part of this work deals with Al-Radl's poetry itself. In Chapter V historical observations are made on Al-Radl's Diwan o in both manuscript and published forms. Chapter VI deals with his panegyrics. General remarks are made on eulogy in Arabic poetry. The content, form and development of Al-Radl's panegyrical odes are analysed. His Ikhwaniyyat receive special attention. Chapter VII deals with Al-Radl's self-praise its content and form. An endeavour is made to explore the Utopian world which the poet tried to portray, Al-Radl's elegies (Ch. VIII). their content, form and characteristics are reviewed. In addition, his dirges on women receive attention. Shi ism in Al-Radl’s poetry is discussed in Chapter IX, Al-Radl’s love-poetry (Ch. X) is discussed. His Hijaziyyat receive particular attention. It is claimed that Al-Radl’s produced in his Hijaaiyyat a poetical amalgam which contains some aspects of ‘Udhrite and ’Umarite poetry. Chapter II deals with Al-Radl's poetical technique. His theories of poetical composition and his comments on other poets are examined. A comparison is made between Al-Radl and other poets both previous and contemporary. Special attention is paid to al-Mutanabbi's influence. In Chapter XII there is a broad re-assessment of Al-Radl’s place in the history of Arabic poetry
Ontology Versioning and Evolution for Semantic Web-Based Applications. 9-month progress report
No full textSuccessful Semantic Web-based applications not only need large amounts of underlying well-organised and well-interrelated ontologies to support their infrastructures, but also need to provide the end-users with the consistent and continuous services as usual while the underlying ontologies changing. Research on ontology versioning and evolution addresses the issues of how ontologies cope with the internal and external changing environment so as to keep ontologies consistent. The existing works on ontology versioning and evolution focus on the changes inside ontology itself, i.e., the relationships and interoperability of the various versions, and largely neglected the issue of how changes during ontology versioning and evolution could affect the existing applications/services. The potential research work presented in this report aims at addressing how we could apply ontology versioning and evolution technologies in the existing applications so as to enable applications to provide consistent and continuous services as usual by adapting to the newly updating underlying ontologies. In this report, a middle layer between the underlying ontologies and dependent applications is proposed to build, which is used to monitor and detect any changes performed on the important parts of an ontology specific for the applications, and divert queries accordingly. The framework and requirements of the middle layer are discussed, in addition to a review of progress to date and anticipated future work
Bioremoval of chromium from wastewater of tannery factory in Iraq
No full textBioremoval of chromium from wastewater of tannery factory in Iraq was studied. The bacteria Proteus vulgaris 7E showed an enhanced capability in biosorping chromium when its concentration increased in the solution, reaching a maximum of 476,7 mg/ ml out of 492 mg/ ml under optimum conditions at pH 6 and 50°C at one hour contact time and biomass of 1 mg/ml.
The present results showed that dead cells of P. vulgaris 7E biosorbed 87.41 mg/ml of chromium in comparison with91.18 mg/ml of chromium biosorbed by living cells, this indicates the insignificant effect of physiological state of cells.
It was found that the above biosorption is physico-chemical process depends upon electrostatic attraction forces.
The results has illustrated that the most efficient eluting solution was 0.1M HCL which recovered 85% of biosorbed chromium.
P. vulgaris 7E was able to remove completely all chromium from the waste water taken from tannery factory
Cystic fibrosis: A new mutation in the Lebanese population
No full textBackground: Cystic fibrosis is the most common autosomal recessive disorder in Caucasians. Little has been reported on its occurrence in Arab and Lebanese populations where mutation distribution seems to differ from that of Europeans. We report on the occurrence of a frameshift mutation 4016insG in two Lebanese Muslim siblings, products of consanguineous parents. This mutation generates a stop codon instead of Arginine-1301 and has never been reported before. Methods: Both probands manifested early onset of severe respiratory and pancreatic involvement. DNA analysis was performed by PCR and sequencing for exons 1, 4, 10, 11, 20, 21 of the CFTR gene. Results: Both probands were found to be homozygous for the 4016insG. Their parents were both heterozygous for the same mutation. Conclusion: The frameshift mutation reported in this article is being described for the first time. © 2008 European Cystic Fibrosis Society.Bobadilla JL, 2002, HUM MUTAT, V19, P575, DOI 10.1002-humu.10041; BOWLER IM, 1993, ARCH DIS CHILD, V68, P120; Castaldo G, 1999, CLIN CHEM, V45, P957; CHEADLE JP, 1993, HUM MOL GENET, V2, P317, DOI 10.1093-hmg-2.3.317; Chen HJ, 2005, J HUM GENET, V50, P674, DOI 10.1007-s10038-005-0309-x; Dawson KP, 2000, EUR J PEDIATR, V159, P496, DOI 10.1007-s004310051317; Desgeorges M, 1997, HUM GENET, V100, P279, DOI 10.1007-s004390050505; El-Harith EA, 1997, J MED GENET, V34, P996, DOI 10.1136-jmg.34.12.996; FEREC C, 1993, HUM MOL GENET, V2, P1557, DOI 10.1093-hmg-2.10.1557; Ferrari M, 1996, ANN BIOL CLIN-PARIS, V54, P235; HULL J, 1994, GENOMICS, V19, P362, DOI 10.1006-geno.1994.1070; Kambouris M, 2000, EUR J PEDIATR, V159, P303, DOI 10.1007-s004310051277; KRISTIDIS P, 1992, AM J HUM GENET, V50, P1178; Laufer-Cahana A, 1999, Hum Mutat, V14, P543, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1098-1004(199912)14:6543::AID-HUMU163.0.CO;2-V; Li N, 2006, CHINESE MED J-PEKING, V119, P103; LUCOTTE G, 1995, HUM BIOL, V67, P797; Sambrook J, 1989, MOL CLONING LAB MANU, P917; SHOSHANI T, 1994, HUM MOL GENET, V3, P657, DOI 10.1093-hmg-3.4.657; Wei SN, 2006, GENET MED, V8, P255, DOI 10.1097-01.gim.0000214453.74456.f3; WILL K, 1993, J MED GENET, V10, P83323
Cancer epidemiology and control in the Arab world - past, present and future
No full textThe Arab world, stretching from Lebanon and Syria in the north, through to Morocco in the west, Yemen in the south and Iraq in the east, is the home of more than 300 million people. Cancer is already a major problem and the lifestyle changes underlying the markedly increasing rates for diabetes suggest that the burden of neoplasia will only become heavier over time, especially with increasing obesity and aging of what are now still youthful populations. The age-distributions of the affected patients in fact might also indicate cohort effects in many cases. There are a number of active registries in the region and population-based data are now available for a considerable number of countries. A body of Arab scientists are also contributing to epidemiological research into the causes of cancer and how to develop effective control programs. The present review covers the relevant PubMed literature and cancer incidence data from various sources, highlighting similarities and variation in the different cancer types, with attempts to explain disparities with reference to possible environmental factors. In males, the predominant cancers vary, with lung, urinary bladder or liver in first place, while for females throughout the region breast cancer is the greatest problem. In both sexes, non-Hodgkins lymphomas and leukemias are relatively frequent, along with thyroid cancer in certain female populations. Adenocarcinomas of the breast, prostate and colorectum appear to be increasing. 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Cancer epidemiology and control in the Arab world - past, present and future
No full textThe Arab world, stretching from Lebanon and Syria in the north, through to Morocco in the west, Yemen in the south and Iraq in the east, is the home of more than 300 million people. Cancer is already a major problem and the lifestyle changes underlying the markedly increasing rates for diabetes suggest that the burden of neoplasia will only become heavier over time, especially with increasing obesity and aging of what are now still youthful populations. The age-distributions of the affected patients in fact might also indicate cohort effects in many cases. There are a number of active registries in the region and population-based data are now available for a considerable number of countries. A body of Arab scientists are also contributing to epidemiological research into the causes of cancer and how to develop effective control programs. The present review covers the relevant PubMed literature and cancer incidence data from various sources, highlighting similarities and variation in the different cancer types, with attempts to explain disparities with reference to possible environmental factors. In males, the predominant cancers vary, with lung, urinary bladder or liver in first place, while for females throughout the region breast cancer is the greatest problem. In both sexes, non-Hodgkins lymphomas and leukemias are relatively frequent, along with thyroid cancer in certain female populations. Adenocarcinomas of the breast, prostate and colorectum appear to be increasing. 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