362 research outputs found
Dataset supporting the University of Southampton Doctoral Thesis "Investigation of upgraded smart contract based-on Ethereum platform"
No full textDataset supporting the University of Southampton Doctoral Thesis "Investigation of upgraded smart contract based-on Ethereum platform".
The dataset comprises detailed information extracted from various Decentralized Applications (DApps). The Dataset of Vulnerabilities analysis of the smart contract. The dataset of source code of different upgraded smart contracts.</span
Investigation of upgraded smart contract based-on Ethereum platform
No full textThis thesis thoroughly explores upgradeable smart contracts and their deployment pat- terns using the well-known OpenZeppelin technique. As blockchain technologies become more prevalent in our digital world, it is crucial to understand the various implications of using upgradeable smart contract patterns, mainly from security, efficiency, and eco- nomic standpoints. Our work marks a significant academic milestone with its dual contributions: an in- depth review of upgradeable smart contract patterns underpinned by OpenZeppelin, and the development and thorough evaluation of a novel Risk Model. We provide a comprehensive study focusing on the effectiveness of these upgradeable techniques, evaluating their merits of security, efficiency, and economy. The Risk Model, meanwhile, represents a robust predictive model to identify potential risks bound to upgradeable smart contracts. We have identified the risk based on several critical factors, including average block time, mempool’s average pending time, and the gas price proposed by the transaction caller. In conclusion, the way for significant improvements in our understanding of upgrade- able smart contracts, setting a robust foundation for future academic explorations and practical blockchain applications
A Review of upgradeable smart contract patterns based on OpenZeppelin technique
No full textThe Ethereum blockchain is one of the main public platforms to run smart contracts and enable decentralised applications. Since data stored in a blockchain is considered immutable, smart contracts deployed in Ethereum are regarded as tamper-proof and therefore offer strong protection against attacks aiming at tinkering with the execution flow of an application. Yet, like any other software, a smart contract needs to be maintained over time to fix bugs or add new features. Deploying every updated version as a brand-new smart contract in Ethereum leads to problems such as migrating the contract state from the old version and enabling clients to point to the new version in a timely fashion. The OpenZeppelin framework addresses this limitation by providing libraries that enable the deployment of upgradeable smart contracts. This is achieved by relying on proxies that act as intermediaries between clients and smart contracts, allowing the latter to be updated transparently. In this paper, we present the upgradeable smart contract patterns supported by OpenZeppelin and compare them in terms of security, cost, and performance. To show this paradigm’s prevalence in Ethereum, we also analyse the usage of OpenZeppelin Upgradeable smart contracts over the last four years
A Qualitative Phenomenological Investigation of Pre-university English as a Second Language Learners’ Experiences in Malaysia
No full textThis research study explicitly analyses pre-university learners’ individual learning experiences of English as a second language in a public university in Malaysia. In an attempt to gauge participants’ individual learning experiences, this study drew from Skinner’s (1957) behaviourism, Krashen’s (2020) nonnative language acquisition and Vygotsky’s (1974) sociocultural theories of learning. The behaviourism theory puts forth that learning a second language is a mechanical process which relies heavily on habit formation (Skinner, 1957). Krashen’s (2020) nonnative language acquisition and Vygotsky’s (1978) sociocultural theories, on the other hand, posit that a new language is naturally and effortlessly acquired through social interactions that require cognitive reasoning (Vygotsky, 1978). The qualitative findings received from one to one unstructured interviews were analysed in relation to the aforesaid theories. The findings revealed that informants studied English for university admission and that their sociocultural environment inhibited them from speaking the language outside the classroom. Discerning that the conventional teaching of English would not help them to attain their goal, informants though asserted to experience a drop in motivation throughout their English course, established an artificial linguistic environment for them to receive comprehensible inputs of English from various sources. Four out of five informants affirmed their preference to learn English in English speaking nations to be able to practice English in the wider community, while one underlined his/her preference for non-English speaking nations due to the fear of having difficulties in understanding accented English and of being laughed for his/her poor command English by native English speakers. Frequent addition of the linguistic suffix ‘lah’ from Bahasa Malaysia was added to standard English by local informants, leading to the creation of a hybrid landscape. Pedagogical implications for second language teaching and learning are raised alongside a revision of the structure, content and teaching strategies of existing English as a second language course
Diagnosis of liver fibrosis in ageing patients with HIV at risk for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Italy and Canada: assessment of a two-tier pathway
No full textBackground: Since the introduction of effective antiretroviral therapy, liver-related mortality has increased ten-fold in ageing people with HIV. This trend is driven by ageing-related metabolic conditions that cause non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which affects 35-65% of people with HIV. Clinically significant (stage 2-4) liver fibrosis develops in over 15% of people with HIV who have NAFLD. Strategies are needed to identify people with HIV at risk for significant liver fibrosis and reduce cirrhosis-related complications. Non-invasive tests to diagnose liver fibrosis include ultrasound-based transient elastography and serum biomarkers. Transient elastography is a feasible tool to assess liver fibrosis, but it is not largely accessible in HIV clinics. We aimed to determine whether a two-tier care pathway with assessment of simple serum biomarkers for fibrosis as first tier could reduce the need for the specialist transient elastography test (second tier).
Methods: Patients were consecutively identified through a clinical programme for liver disease in people with HIV in Canada and Italy. We applied a two-tier care pathway to three prospective cohorts of people with HIV at risk for NAFLD, defined as those with elevated liver transaminases, body mass index (BMI) of 25 or greater, or diabetes. Patients with alcohol abuse or coinfection with hepatitis B or C viruses were excluded. Five simple serum biomarkers of fibrosis, based on liver transaminases, platelets, and BMI (fibrosis-4 index [FIB-4], BARD [BMI, AST to ALT ratio, diabetes] score, NAFLD fibrosis score, AST to ALT ratio, and AST-to-platelet ratio index [APRI]) were applied as a first-tier assessment to exclude significant liver fibrosis. All patients then received transient elastography. We assessed the decrease in referral for transient elastography that would have occurred based on biomarker assessment and discordance between high transient elastography (≥7·1 kPa), indicating significant liver fibrosis, and low serum fibrosis biomarkers (FIB-4 <1·3, BARD score 0-1, NAFLD fibrosis score less than -1·455, AST to ALT ratio <0·8, and APRI <0·5). We also assessed independent factors associated with that discordance by multivariable logistic regression analysis.
Findings: We included 1202 people with HIV at risk for NAFLD (mean age 51·2 years [SD 10·1], 914 [76%] male and 288 [24%] female, mean HIV duration 16·3 years [SE 9·7], mean BMI 26·5 Kg/m2 [SD 4·5]; prevalence of diabetes 49·5%). 222 (18·5%) of these participants had significant liver fibrosis according to transient elastography. Assessment of simple fibrosis biomarkers would have decreased transient elastography referrals between 22·5% (BARD score) and 82·4% (APRI). Discordance rate ranged from 3·9% (NAFLD fibrosis score) to 11·1% (APRI). After adjustment for age, sex, presence of diabetes, level of HDL cholesterol, and CD4 cell count, BMI (odds ratio 1·12, 95% CI 1·07-1·17) and triglyceride level (1·25, 1·08-1·46) were independent predictors of discordance for low APRI and high transient elastography.
Interpretation: Use of a two-tier pathway to identify liver fibrosis in ageing people with HIV at risk for NAFLD could reduce transient elastography examinations by a substantial proportion, reducing costs and helping to optimise use of resources in HIV care
Evaluation of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Production Under Organic Manure Application with arbascular mycorrhizal fungi Adds on Sandy Soils in State of Kuwait
No full textAn experiment was conducted at Amghara Station of the State of Kuwait on date palm Barhee cv with ten treatment combinations involving different sources and levels of organic manure application in conjunction with arbascular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on sandy soils during 3 seasons (2013-2016). The experimental design adopted was RCBD with five replications.
The results showed that the Date palm Tamar fruit yield increased with increasing rates of sewage sludge and compost manure as compared to control. The influence of sewage sludge in conjunction with AMF on the Tamar yield of crop was more pronounced than that of compost manure. Such an increase in the yield may be attributed to the improvement in the fruit yield parameters such as number of fruiting spikelet’s and fruits per bunch; weight, length and girth of fruit.
An experiment was conducted at Amghara Station of the State of Kuwait on date palm Barhee cv with ten treatment combinations involving different sources and levels of organic manure application in conjunction with arbascular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on sandy soils during 3 seasons (2013-2016). The experimental design adopted was RCBD with five replications.
The results showed that the Date palm Tamar fruit yield increased with increasing rates of sewage sludge and compost manure as compared to control. The influence of sewage sludge in conjunction with AMF on the Tamar yield of crop was more pronounced than that of compost manure. Such an increase in the yield may be attributed to the improvement in the fruit yield parameters such as number of fruiting spikelet’s and fruits per bunch; weight, length and girth of fruit.
On an average over 3 years, application of 10 t/ha of sewage sludge (71.97 t/ha or 22.57% increase) or compost manure (70.00 t/ha or 19.31% increase) along with AMF over control (58.43 t/ha) could be recommended to date palm to increase the yield levels and fertility status especially the organic matter content of the soil
Assessment of self–care practices among diabetic children in Jeddah city
No full textA Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Master’s Degree in
Pediatric Nursing Maternal and Child Health Nursing Department
College of Nursing
King Saud University
By
SHAIMA SABRI SHUKRY AMER
RABI’ II 1426 H
JUN 2005 GDiabetes is one of the most challenging health problems in the 21st
Century (International Diabetic Federation, 2004). It is one of the most
common chronic diseases of childhood after asthma and mental retardation
(AL-Twaim, 2003). It is the fourth or fifth leading cause of death in most
developed countries and there is substantial evidence that it is epidemic in
many developing and newly industrialized nations (Diabetic Atlas
Committee, 2003). The World Health Organization in Geneva (2004),
reported that there are currently 194 million people with diabetes
worldwide. This figure is expected to reach a total of 366 million by year
2030 (International Diabetes Federation, 2004). There is increasing
evidence that it will become one of the foremost public health challenges to
face Arabian Gulf region in this new millennium (Khatib, 2004).
Recent studies (Onkamo, et al, 1999; Nashiet and Mahmoud, 2004;
Al-Ali, 2004) show that globally the incidence of diabetes in children and
adolescents is increasing. It is estimated that approximately 65000 children
aged less than 15 years developed type 1 diabetes worldwide (Diabetes
Atlas Committee, 2003). However, the incidence varies between
1/100.000/year to 40/100.000/year (Al-Aqeel, 2004) Furthermore,
Abdullah (2004) cited that studies from Arab countries show definitive
variability of incidence, with highest incidence being reported from Kuwait (20.9/100.000/year) and lowest from Sultanate of Oman where it was
2.6/100.000/year (Abdullah, 2004). While in Saudi Arabia, the incidence of
type 1 diabetes between the age group 0 - 14 is estimated to be 17-
18/100.000/year (Al-Twaim 2003; Al-Aqeel, 2004).
Regarding type 2 diabetes, Le Febevre (2004) reported that since 1985
a marked increase in prevalence of type 2 diabetes has been reported world
wide, including children and adolescents (Le Febevre, 2004). However,
there are no documented data on epidemiology of type 2 diabetes among
the children in Saudi Arabia (Sulimani, 2003)
آثار الحركة النسوية في الأسرة المسلمة: دراسة مقاصدية
No full textقيّم الإسلام الأسرة المسلمة، واهتم بها من خلال إيراد العديد من التشريعات التي تهدف إلى الحفاظ عليها وجعلها اللبنة الأساسية لبناء المجتمع المسلم. بيد أن هناك العديد من التحديات الفكرية المعاصرة التي أصبحت تهدد تلك الأسس و التشريعات التي وضعها الشارع لها، ومن تلك التحديات، الحركة النسوية.
وقد جاءت هذه الدراسة في محاولة إظهار حقيقة هذه الحركة، من خلال ذكر ادعاءات النسويات المتعلقة بقيم الأسرة المسلمة.
كما شملت الدراسة ما أورده كل من القرآن والسنة النبوية للرد على تلك الإدعاءات. إضافة إلى أن الدراسة جاءت بنظرة مقاصدية لاهتمام الاسلام بالأسرة وخطر تلك الحركة عليها.
اعتمدت الدراسة على منهجين: المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج التحليلي. فالمنهج الاستقرائي ظهر من خلال تتبع المراجع والمصادر العلمية المتعلقة بنشأة وتكون الحركة النسوية، واهم مقاصد الأسرة المسلمة، وما يدعم الرد على ادعاءات هذه الحركة. أما بالنسبة إلى المنهج التحليلي فيشمل ذلك تحليل ما توصلت إليه الباحثة من خلال استقراءها، وتسليط ضوء على اهم المقاصد المتعلقة بخطر تأثير النسوية على الأسرة المسلمة.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الحركة النسوية - مقاصد - الأسرة المسلمةIslam values a Muslim family as there are many laws that protect the family and make it the base of a muslim community. There are various modern intellectual challenges that endanger the base and laws of a muslim family, and amongst those challenges is Feminist movement.
This study is an attempt to show the actuality of this movement by mentioning the arguments raised by the Femiminsts on muslim families. In addition, the study includes Maqasidic views what concerns a muslim family and how the family can be endangered by this movement.
This study follows two methedologies: inductive method and analytical approach; the inductive approach is based on extracting information regarding the feminist movement, important Maqasids of Muslim family, and supportive response to their arguements As for Analytical method includes analysis of the researcher's findings through the information and the maqasidic view on the danger of this movement.
Key Words: Feminism - Maqasid - Muslim famil
The Effect of Seed Amounts and Nitrogen Fertilization in the growth and Yield the green fodder for a mixture of forage green forage of a Forage Mixture to Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and Oats (Avena sativa L.)
No full textA field experiment has been conducted at the agricultural second research station affiliated to College of Agriculture / University of Al-Muthnna , located on Euphrates River in the Al-Bandar village southwestern province of Al-Muthana (800 m away from the city of Samawa/ Al-Muthana Province) during the winter season of 2015 to 2016 in order to study the effect of different amounts of seed oats Avena sativa L. (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160) kg. h-1 with a one amount of seed for Medicago sativa L. (40 kg. h-1)] and four levels of nitrogen fertilization (0, 40, 80 and 120) kg.h-1) on the growth traits and some vegetative traits (high plant and leaf area and weight of leaves and number of branches) and yield green forage for a mixture of forage alfalfa and oats, and three cutting. Applied experience manner split plot, according to randomized complete blocks design (RCBD) with three replications. The results showed moral superiority the third for cutting recorded by using the seed mixture for (40 alfalfa :160 oats) kg. h-1 higher averages of plant height (55.22 cm) and the number of tillers (1058.65 tiller. m-2) and leaf area (98.37 cm) for oats compared to that obtained jet at the highest qualitative weight (509.74 g. cm-2) as recorded at the amount of alfalfa seed (40 kg. AH -1) the highest in the third cutting plant height (56.36 cm) and leaf area (207.50 cm 2. plant -1) and the number of branches (1477.84 branch. m -2) While recorded the amount of seed (40 Alfalfa: 80 Oats) kg. H-1 holds the highest green fodder when the third cutting has average of (58.21 tons). H-1 As for the effect of nitrogen fertilization level have won 80 kg. E -1 highest averages for all vegetative traits studied and yield green fooder to plant oats and alfalfa in the third cutting as well as the attainment of the highest averages in the leaf area of Chauvin specific weight of leaf alfalfa forage in the mixture when nitrogen fertilization is not added (control treatment) .)
Sustainable Urban Conservation in the Heritage Areas
No full textThe growing interest in conserving the architectural urban heritage and methods of protecting it, made countries, governments ,local groups and departments show interest in this topic more than any time before.Sustainability in its various dimensions and the process of urban conservation are inseparable. Urban heritage is one of the sources of National economy which can not be replaced or renewed and should be sustained for the coming generation. Therefore , this research focuses on the issue of urban heritage, distributed between cities and groups of buildings ( as a part of the urban fabric).Sustainability is integrated with the concept of urban conservation in terms of communication and continuity between the past and the future through the expression of the present actions.Urban conservation can be defined as a process which includes all the strategies and methods to ensure the survival of heritage as long as possible in order to influence the life of the community.The research problem is: Providing knowledge about the methods of sustainable urban conservation in the heritage urban areas,so as to stop the waste in the heritage and to propose a mechanism for dealing with architectural and urban heritage. Research objective:This research seeks to understand the characteristics of urban sustainability in the urban heritage through: developing a framework of the tripartite relationship between (sustainability , practice of urban and urban conservation) which the research suggests it to achieve sustainable urban conservation in our local environment . The research established a set of conclusions and recommendations, which confirm the need to integrate conservation strategies with the requirements of urban sustainability, so as to achieve sustainable urban conservation in the heritage urban areas
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