1,721,027 research outputs found
Studies on the action of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed extract against some biological properties of King Copra (Ohiophagus Hannah) venom
No full textAnnually it has been reported that there are 1.25 million deaths due to snake bite. With the aims of finding herbal remedies that could work synergistically with ant-snack venom, many studies were conducted. It has been shown that ethanolic extract of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica) seed (TSE) has inhibitory effects against lethal action of Vipera russelli and Doboia russelli siamensis. Thus the action of TSE on some biological properties of King Copra (Ohiophagus Hannah) venom (KCV) was studied. KCV was injected subcutaneously into skin of mice and after30 minutes and one hour. TSE was injected subcutaneously near the same site where the venom was injected. None of the mice died, however 4 out of 5 mice of the control group die. To test the effects of myonecrotic action, KCV was injected into the thigh muscles and after one hour, TSE was injected near the same site. Out of 4 mice of each group, 2 mice die before 24 hour. After 24 hour of venom injection, serum creatinine kinase enzyme activity of the surviving mice was measured. The enzyme activity of the TSE treated group was lower than that of the venom control group, but was not statistically significant. Histological study of the muscle was also conducted and found that TSE treated group showed less muscle necrosis than the control group. Thus TSE can neutralize some biological properties of the KCF
Diabetic induced mice treated with olive leaves (Olea europaea) aqueous extract
No full textDue to the widespread prevalence of diabetes and the severity of complication, extensive research are underway to find more effective remedies to improve the life of those affected by the disease. Diabetes mellitus is chronic disease caused by inhered and/or acquired deficiency in production of insulin by the pancreas which results in increase concentration of blood glucose level (1).The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of the aqueous extract of Olea europaea on serum glucose level and histopathological changes in islets of Langerhans in an induced-diabetic mellitus in mice (2, 3). Animals were anaesthetized by diethyl ether after fasting for up to 13 hours and on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 the blood specimens were collected and the serum separated. Serum glucose levels were determined by the glucose oxidase method. The pancreas was excised, fixed in the Boon’s solution and processed for histological studies. The results showed that administration of the aqueous extract exhibited a significant increase in the average size of islets of Langerhans of the streptozotocin diabetic animals, while the treatment with Olea europaea aqueous extract showed a marked reduction in the islet size.
1.Sexton WJ, Jarow JP. J.Urology, 1997; 49: 508-515.
2.Hardman JG, Limbird LE. The Pharmacological basis of Therapeutics. 10th Ed. New York. 2011; P 1399.
3.Weir GC, Clore ET, Zmachinski CJ, Bonner-Weir S. Diabetes. 1981; 30: 590-595
Mnemonic and histopathological assessment of the neuroprotective effects of Murraya koenigii leaves extract in rats with partial global cerebral ischaemia
Get PDFPreclinical studies have reported that Murraya koenigii leaves (MKL) could enhance
memory. MKL is also known for its antioxidant activity. The current study was to assess the possible
neuroprotective potential of MKL methanolic extract in a two vessel occlusion (2VO) rat model of partial
global cerebral ischaemia. Methods: Rats were divided into memory and learning groups. Each group was
subdivided into sham control, untreated 2VO and MKL-treated 2VO subgroups. The Morris water maze test
was implemented to assess the rats’ cognitive function postoperatively. Brain samples were
histopathologically examined for viable neurons within the CA1 hippocampal region. Results: Water maze
test findings showed that MKL positively improved memory and learning impairments. However, this
improvement in memory test for the treated group was still significantly inferior to that of the healthy
control group. Additionally, MKL treated group exhibited insignificant difference in the number of viable
hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons from that of the untreated 2VO group, whereas both MKL treated and
untreated 2VO groups showed significantly less viable neurons when compared with the control group.
Conclusion: MKL extract modestly improved memory without providing substantial neuroprotective
action to the hippocampal neurons in rats with chronic partial global cerebral ischaemia
Chronic khat consumption and its effect on ovarian structure in mice and their offspring
No full textKhat is considered a psychoactive drug and has many side effects on different parts of the body organs. In this
study the effects of khat on ovarian structure in parental mice and their offspring were investigated. Twelve
male and twelve female mice were given orally a dose of 50mg/kg body weight of khat extract by gastric
gavage for 4 and 8 weeks. After four weeks of treatment, the male and female mice were allowed to mate.
Khat treatment continued for the male mice and for the female mice during pregnancy and after giving birth to
their offsprings up to 8 weeks. Adult offspring and their parent were killed at the 4th and 8th weeks of treatment.
Histological examination of the ovaries showed many corpus luteum and developing Graafi an follicles with
mononuclear infi ltration
The effect of Proteus mirabilis isolated from human urinary tract infections on the morphology of the rat kidney
No full textProteus mirabilis has previously been shown to be capable of persisting in the rat kidney for up to 8 weeks and induces many physiological changes following a single inoculation of the urinary bladder. The present study examined kidney tissue from infected animals for evidence
of renal damage.The earliest histologic changes seen on the 2nd and 4th days, consisted of mild cellular sloughing and edema associated with mononuclear infiltration in the medulla and to a lesser extent in the cortex. On the 1st and following weeks, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and a mononuclear infiltrate had advanced in the renal parenchyma re-sulting in chronic pyelonephritis. The observed renal degenerations with a corresponding ascending bacterial infection in the intra-renal reflux suggest that Proteus mirabilis is capable of producing chronic pyelonephritis in the rats after a single reflux challenge.
Key Words: Kidney, Proteus mirabilis, Pyelonephritis, Rats, Urinary tract
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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