1,720,958 research outputs found
Modulation of mucin 2 and mucin 3 in colitis induced by iodoacetamide and enteropathogenic bacteria in rats
No full textThe iinate and acquired immune systems are both implicarted in the etiology of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) in addition to the genetic predisposition, the environmental factors and the intestinal flora covering the mucosa. A defect in the mucous covering will lead to an invasion of pathogens and stimulation of the immuune response with aberrations of mucin 2, the major mucin of the mucous layer. Aim: this study aims to assess the modulation of colonic MUC 2 and MUC 3 in a arat model of IBD induced by a combination of iodoacetamide and enteropatogenic E. Coli. Methods: 78 sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into 4 groups. Each group was subjeceted, on a basis, to a rectal injection of 1% methylcellulose (MC), the veicle, or saturated enteropathogenic E. coli bacterial suspension, or 3% iodoacetamide (IA) in 1% MC, or 3% IA followed by E. Coli infection 48 hours later. Biopsies of the colon were obtained for light microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal primary antibody MUC 2 and MUC 3. Colonic mucosal scrapings were also use dfor RNA extraction and running for real-time PCR usong MUC 2 and MUC 3 primers. Results: Under light microscopy, the histological sections revealed severe colonic tissue damage in the IA and IA + B groups throughout the experiment. Conclusions: this induuced IBD model succeeded in the arousal and maintanence of IBD for a 2-months period. this inflammation lead to a clear mucosal tissue damage and disruption of the mucosal barrier, togheter with a decreased expression of MUC 2, both on the protein and the RNA levels, whereas MUC 3 expression was not significantly altered
NUTRACEUTICALS IMPROVE EXPERIMENTAL COLITIS: PLACE OF CATECHINS IN THE 2,4,6-TRINITROBENZENE SULFONIC ACID MODEL RATS
No full textBackground: Nutraceuticals provide added health benefits for inflammatory bowel disese (IBD) and Epigallocatechin-3-galate (EGCG), a green tea catechin, has been shown to possess such anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Aim: To evaluate the molecular modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF_alpha), nuclear factor Kappa Beta (NF-Kbeta), Interleukin 6 (IL-6) by EGCG on experimental colitis. Matherial and Methods: Thirthy five male sprague-dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: Normal control group (n=5), EGCG group (n=9), TNBS group (n=9), and TNBS + EGCG group (n=12). For both TNBS and EGCG treated groups, 1 mg/Kg EGCG was administered daily by intraperitoneal injection, starting one week before the induction. at days 3, 10, and 17, rats were sacrificed and the descending colon was collected. The mRNA expressions of IL-6, TNF-alpha and NF-KB were measured by the polymerase chain reaction. In addition, the oxidative stress wasstudied by determination of ROS expression using dihydroethinidine (DHE) staining. results: The results showed that EGCG caused a significant decrease in the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-alpha and NF-KB compared to respective non-treated groups. In addition, ROS expression was reduced. Conclusions: These data provide evidence that EGCG is beneficial in TNBS-induced colitis; it exerts an antioxidant activity via decreasing ROS, and an anti-inflammatory effect via ameliorating histological findings and reducing IL-6, TNF-alpha and NF-KB
COLORECTAL CANCER AND INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES: EFFECTS ON DIET AND ANTIOXIDANTS
No full textIt is well established that oxidative stress is common in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Accordingly, antioxidants are recommended for treatment. The aim of this is to compare the effects of antioxidants contained in the various types of tea on symptoms and evolution of IBD and colorectal cancer (CRC). Analysis of the literature revealed that the theaflavin-3, 30-digitale (TFDG) contained in black tea, and epigallocatechin-3-0-gallate (EGCG) contained in green tea have protective effects against oxidative stress. Moreover, these substances are involved in many biochemical processes responsible for inflammation and proliferation of cancer cells. It is documented that both TFDG and EGCG are able to reduce inflammatory phenomena and sympotms associated with IBD, as well as to reduce the proliferation of CRC cells. Most studies are performed in vitro or in experimental animal models. It is, therefore, advisable to formulate studies that could be carried out on humans or human samples, in order to develop the appropriate therapeutic strategies
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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