15 research outputs found
Multi-objective Analysis of Sustainable Generation Expansion Planning based on Renewable Energy Potential: A case study of Bali Province of Indonesia
Get PDFThis article analyzes the role of renewable energy in producing sustainable generation expansion planning. The generation expansion planning is carried out using an optimization model which has two objective functions, namely the objective function of planning costs and the objective function of emissions. Multi-objective analysis was performed using the epsilon constraint method to produce the Pareto set. Solution points are selected from the Pareto set generated using the fuzzy decision making method. The process of determining the best solution points is based on three scenarios. Furthermore, calculations were carried out to obtain 7 indicators of sustainability covering economic, social, and environmental aspects. The sustainability index is calculated based on several predetermined policy options. The model is implemented using data obtained from the electricity system in Bali Province, Indonesia. From the analysis, the planning scenario by implementing renewable energy sources in the generation of electrical energy, namely scenario 3, results in an increase in the sustainability index with the highest value during the planning period. However, scenario 3 produces two sustainability indices from the economic aspect, namely the unit cost of generation and shared electricity cost to GDP, which is the lowest when compared to other scenarios
An Analysis of the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Implementation of Renewable Energy in the Supply of Electricity
Get PDFThe Covid-19 pandemic has affected all activities, including the electricity supply. As a developing nation, Indonesia is also severely affected by the diversion of significant resources to combat Covid-19. On the other hand, Indonesia is committed to reducing emissions in the energy sector, which includes implementing renewable energy technologies to provide electricity. This article examines the effect of the post-covid-19 pandemic situation on the implementation of renewable energy in the electricity supply. The case study examined is the electricity supply in the province of Yogyakarta, which obtains its electricity from outside the province but has multiple forms of renewable energy that can be optimized in the electricity supply. There are three scenarios discussed: the current target scenario, the lower target scenario, and the supply security scenario. The current target scenario includes predetermined renewable energy goals. The lower target scenario is used to characterize Covid-19's impact on the implementation of renewable energy. The supply security scenario is the most optimistic, as it optimizes the use of renewable energy in the electricity supply while ignoring the impact of the co-19 pandemic. The current target scenario is used as a benchmark against which the other two scenarios are compared. Comparing the lower target scenario to the current target scenario, the lower target scenario results in 9.6% lower capital costs and 4.1% higher greenhouse gas emissions. The least greenhouse gas emissions are produced by the supply security scenario, but the capacity costs are the highest
Konsep Pengatur Lalu-Lintas Sinkron Adaptif Kepadatan Untuk Solusi Minimalisasi Durasi Waktu Tunggu Kendaraan
Get PDFTo minimize travel time in a highway, some traffic controllers must be synchronized to the other. Intersection controllers of an area are interconnected with a communication network through which synchronization information is exchanged. The main purpose of synchronized traffic control system is to minimize the waiting time of almost all vehicles in each traffic light. Green and duration time of all traffic control system are derived from some parameters such as adjacent green time, vehicle speed and acceleration, and estimation of travel time.
Low carbon-based energy strategy for transportation sector development
Get PDFThis study presented the development of alternative scenarios of energy planning for the transportation sector. The case study is the transportation system of Yogyakarta Province of Indonesia. The transportation sector has the highest demand of energy among all another sector in this Province. Therefore, this sector has a very significant contribution to emit Greenhouse Gas pollutant. Four individual scenarios ware developed which are Business as Usual, Mode Change, Fuel Switch, and Efficient Vehicle. Business as Usual scenario is a reference scenario, and the last three scenarios are alternative scenarios. Also, an integrated scenario that consists of all alternative scenarios was also developed. The analysis of the projection of energy demand and Greenhouse Gas emission, in the form of CO2, NOx, and CH4, was conducted. The contribution of developed scenarios in low-carbon energy planning for the transportation sector was analyzed. Long-range Energy Alternative Planning software was utilized to simulate all developed scenarios. As an individual scenario, efficient vehicle scenario resulted in the highest reduction in energy demand. At the end of the projection period, this scenario reduced energy demand for the transportation sector by 15.82% compared to the reference scenario. Mitigation scenario that integrates all alternative scenarios reduced energy demand by 20.45% compared to the reference scenario in 2050. By implementing an efficient vehicle scenario, global warming potential can be reduced by 15.80%. The implementation of an integrated scenario reduced global warming potential by 24.76% compared to the reference scenario
Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplications Applied to a Classification Model: Sustainable Key Variable of Microhydro Power Plants in The Economics of Smart Society
No full textIn recent years microhydro power plant designs have been scrutinized by various groups around the world for their benefits in offering better performance than conventional fossil fuels in meeting energy needs. The sustainable development of microhydro power plants can also make a major contribution to achieving clean energy goals and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This research is a mixed method, using qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis. As a result, the variable realizing an energy-independent society (MME) consistently ranks at the top of the MDI matrix as a dependent variable. This shows that the role of these variables in the sustainability of the development of the MHP is strongly influenced by other variables. In conclusion, it has been found that 3 variables have direct and indirect influences on the sustainability of the development of the MHPP. These variables are regulations that support microhydro from the central government (PPU), cooperation between related parties (KJA), and a consistently applied microhydro energy transition policy (TSE). The government has an important role in the development of MHPP to achieve energy diversification through regulations and policies together with many parties to build a smart society to support the energy transition in Indonesia
An Integrated Renewable Energy System for the Supply of Electricity and Hydrogen Energy for Road Transportation Which Minimizes Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Get PDFGreenhouse gas emissions produced by the energy sector, including the transportation sector, are a problem that must be resolved. One way to solve this problem is to provide energy in the transportation sector in a sustainable way, by using renewable energy. An integrated renewable energy system has been implemented through an optimization model for the supply of electricity and hydrogen energy for road transportation. The proposed model is in the form of mixed-integer linear programming with two objective functions: planning costs and greenhouse gas emissions. The multi-objective model was solved using the linear weighted-sum method. In this article, three scenarios are developed, namely the business-as-usual scenario, the renewable energy scenario, and the renewable energy with energy storage system scenario. The business-as-usual scenario is used to analyze the supply of electricity and hydrogen by prioritizing the objective function of planning costs. The renewable energy scenario prioritizes the objective function of greenhouse gas emissions in the optimization calculation, but without an energy storage system. The optimization calculation with the renewable energy with energy storage system scenario prioritizes the objective function of greenhouse gas emissions by including the energy storage system. The proposed model in a multi-objective form is implemented in a case study of road transportation in the Province of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The results obtained indicate that the renewable energy with energy storage system scenario produces the lowest emission level of 56.55 Mt CO2 Equivalent, but with the highest planning cost of 192.13 x 109 Billion USD
ANALISIS SKENARIO PERMINTAAN DAN PENYEDIAAN ENERGI LISTRIK PADA SISTEM INTERKONEKSI JAWA-MADURA-BALI
No full textThe demand of electricity is continuing to increase inline with the growth of
population and economic activity. In Indonesia, the demand of electricity in 2008
is 179.48 MTOE. To supply this demand of electricity, the amount of generated
electricity 149.44 TWh in the same year. The most part of this electricity demand
is used to supply the demand in JAMALI system that is 78.11% of the total
demand of electricity in Indonesia. The primary energy used in JAMALI system is
dominated by coal, oil fuel, and natural gas with the percentage of 40.90%,
29.13%, and 20.14% respectively. In the other side, Indonesia has a lot of
potential of renewable energy that is very possible to be optimized to supply the
need of electricity. Some of renewable energy in JAMALI system is geothermal
energy, hydro power, biomass, and solar energy.
In this study, the analysis of scenario of demand and supply of electricity was
conducted with the support of LEAP software. In the developed LEAP model,
scenario was constructed from demand and supply side of JAMALI system. The
reference scenario was used to describe demand and supply of electricity without
any intervention of new energy policy. It can be said that the reference scenario
describe the energy situation in the base year. In the demand side of the model,
scenario consists of the reference and energy conservation scenario. The scenario
of energy conservation is used to simulate the policy of energy conservation in
electricity. The impact of the policy then was analyzed. In the supply side of the
model, scenario consists of the reference, optimized, and the reduction of CO2
emission scenario. In the reference scenario, the calculation of power plant
capacity is done endogenously. Optimized scenario calculates the capacity of the
power plant based on the least-cost combination. The reduction of CO2 emission
scenario consists of nuclear power plant, new and renewable energy, and
externality cost scenario.
Based on optimized scenario, the role of coal fired power plant in electricity
generation is very dominant, that is 76.90% from the total of generated electricity
in 2050. By the reference scenario, the role of coal fired power plant is only
51.73% in the same year. Generated electricity of NGCC power plant by
optimized scenario is lower compare to the reference scenario. The role of
nuclear power plant in the reduction of CO2 emission is very significant. By the
implementation of nuclear power plant, CO2 emission can be reduced with the
growth 3.62% per year. The similar rate of CO2 emission growth can be achieved
by the implementation of new and renewable energy in electricity generation
Analysis of the Utilization of Putri Cempo Landfill Waste for Power Plants and Their Effects on the Surakarta Electric Power Distribution Network
Get PDFGrowth in electric energy demand, domination of use of fossil fuels, and waste problems are fundamental to this research. The purpose of this research is to find out the electrical energy potential of the Putri Cempo Landfill waste, Surakarta. The potential of electrical energy is designed for waste power plant (WPP). Penetration of WPP as a Distributed Generation (DG) to the 20 kV electrical distribution network is analyzed to determine its effect on the growth of demand for electricity, power flow, and the index of the (SAIFI and SAIDI). This research applies the technology Sanitary Landfill to produce landfill gas (LFG) as the primary energy of WPP. In calculating the growth predictions of electricity usage in the industrial, household, public, and commercial sectors from 2017 to 2025 in APJ Surakarta, the DKL Method 3.01 is applied. ETAP 12.6 was applied to analyze the power flow in the form of power losses and voltage losses and the Section method to calculate the reliability index (SAIFI, SAIDI) before and after penetration of WPP in PLR 01 and GDO 04 of Manahan Substation, Surakarta. The results showed that Trash from 5 Regencies and Cities, WPP was able to generate a maximum power of 10.1 MW. During peak load, WPP is able to reduce electricity demand of Substation for 0.920% in 2019, 0.879% in 2020, 0.838% in 2021, 0.799% in 2022, 0.760% in 2023, 0.723% in 2024, and 0.686% in 2025. The drop voltage at the tip of the feeder (No Substation Transformer BSP01005) has improved 29.4%, power losses have improved 25%, SAIFI has improved 61.36%, and SAIDI has improved 29%, after WPP penetration
Analysis of Potential Alternative Energy Sources for Electricity Conservation in Yogyakarta State Finance Building
Get PDFState Finance Building of Yogyakarta is a community service that is included in the types of buildings that consume electric energy that is large, so that often led to the power outage unexpectedly due to excessive use of electricity. This excessive use of electricity has also contributed to bill accounts for electricity from PLN which each month up to hundreds of millions of dollars. To that end, this research was undertaken that aim to be able to device that most optimal configuration in the use of solar panels and could compare the PLTS system between On-Grid and PLN in the aspect of cost and CO2 emissions.In knowing the potential of alternative energy sources, namely solar power connected to the PLN as the optimal power plant is carried out by means of conducting research in the form of knowing the intensity of the solar radiation data, data in the form of electric power load is active for 24 hours, and data rates time of outside peak load and time of peak load from PLN for State Finance Building Of Yogyakarta. Later, she did the simulation using software to help homer modeling from use of the most optimal solar panel. In the research results obtained that the potential PLTS system that are connected with the grid PLN unfit to be carried out because the cost of the initial investment to expenses during the period of operation of the system including the high value of the NPC of $970,742. However, the potential of the power plant that are appropriate for the conditions on site research solar power plant was connected to the grid PLN power plant configuration that is optimized for without using batteries, use only PV with a capacity of 91,35 kW, the converter with a capacity of 400 kW, and power grid network of PLN the system transmitted to PLTS On-Grid of 552 kW
Comparative Analysis of the Use of LED and HPS Lights in PT. Bukit Asam
Get PDFThe lamp is the main construction facility in the company that serves as a support for the activities of the economic system and mobility in the company. An analysis of the difference between the use of LED lights with HPS lamps at PT. Bukit Asam Tbk. reference is used to recommend the use of appropriate (technical) lighting equipment for industrial areas and to obtain better cumulative costs and energy savings for the company in the future. In this study using the lamp replacement method with the same lumen level comparison. The goal is that later the level of lighting produced is the same for each lamp. From the results of this study it was found that the technical use of 70W, 150W, 250W and 400W HPS lamps has an efficacy level of 84 to 123 lm / W. Whereas the 80W, 200W, 300W, 450W LED lamps are 90 lm / W and the results of the cumulative value or the total cost of operating and maintenance costs for 15 years between HPS lamps versus the LED lights that occur is that in HPS lamps the total cost incurred amounting to 20,604,230,235 rupiahs while for LED lamps it is 27,787,386,324 rupiahs which can be seen that the use of more economical lighting is HPS lamps
