1,720,975 research outputs found
Proteoglycan desulfation determines the efficiency of chondrocyte autophagy and the extent of FGF signaling during endochondral ossification. Gene Dev. 22(19):2645-50, 2008
No full textPredictors and outcomes of fungal peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis patients
No full textFungal peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis but previous reports on this have been limited to small, single-center studies. Using all Australian peritoneal dialysis patients, we measured predictors, treatments, and outcomes of this condition by logistic regression and multilevel, multivariate Poisson regression. This encompassed 66 centers over a 4-year period that included 162 episodes of fungal peritonitis (4.5% of all peritonitis episodes) that occurred in 158 individuals. Candida albicans (25%) and other Candida species (44%) were the most common fungi isolated. Fungal peritonitis was independently predicted by indigenous race and prior treatment of bacterial peritonitis. Peritonitis episodes occurring after 7 and 60 days of treatment for previous bacterial peritonitis decreases in the probability of fungal peritonitis 23 and 6%, respectively. Compared with other organisms, fungal peritonitis was associated with significantly higher rates of hospitalization, catheter removal, transfer to permanent hemodialysis, and death. The risks of repeat fungal peritonitis and death were lowest with catheter removal combined with antifungal therapy when compared to either intervention alone. Our study shows that fungal peritonitis is a serious complication of peritoneal dialysis and should be strongly suspected in the context of recent antibiotic treatment for bacterial peritonitis.Rhianna Miles, Carmel M. Hawley, Stephen P. McDonald, Fiona G. Brown, Johan B. Rosman, Kathryn J. Wiggins, Kym M. Bannister and David W. Johnso
IIndanyloxyacetic acid-sensitive chloride channels from outer membranes of skeletal muscle
No full textWeber-Schürholz S, Wischmeyer E, Laurien M, et al. IIndanyloxyacetic acid-sensitive chloride channels from outer membranes of skeletal muscle. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1993;268(1):547-551.In mature mammalian muscle, the chloride conductance of the membrane is an important factor in the regulation of excitability. Up to now, no ligand was available for the biochemical characterization of muscle chloride channels. In order to localize and characterize these channels, we have used indanyloxyacetic acid (IAA)-94, a ligand previously used for epithelial Cl- channels (Landry, D. W., Reitman, M., Cragoe, E. J., Jr., and Al-Awqati, Q. (1987) J. Gen. Physiol. 90, 779-798; Landry, D. W., Akabas, M. H., Redhead, C., Edelman, A., Cragoe, E. J., Jr., and Al-Awqati, Q. (1989) Science 244, 1469-1472). IAA induced myotonic responses when microinjected into mature mouse muscle fibers, indicating a blockade of Cl- channels from the cytoplasmic side. Membrane vesicles were prepared from rabbit skeletal muscle and separated by sucrose gradient centrifugation. Fractions obtained (in the order of increasing density) were sarcolemma (SL), T-tubules (TT), sarcoplasmatic reticulum (SR), and triads and mitochondria (TR/M). The fraction enriched for SL was characterized by high specific binding capacity for [H-3]saxitoxin (Na+ channel), whereas TT-rich fractions bound [H-3]PN 200-110 (dihydropyridine receptor) with high specific activity. Upon patch-clamping of lipid supplemented vesicles, IAA-sensitive Cl- channels were found in the SL fraction but not in the SR. Highest specific activities in electrical diffusion potential sensitive Cl-36 transport and [H-3]IAA-94 binding were found in the SL. SL vesicles were solubilized with 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate and subjected to IAA-Sepharose affinity chromatography. Specifically bound protein was eluted with 100 muM IAA-94 and either analyzed by SDS-gel electrophoresis or reconstituted into phospholipid vesicles. The eluate contained four polypeptides (specifically bound, m(app) 110-120 and 60 kDa; unspecifically bound m(app) 67 and 50 kDa) and was highly enriched for IAA-sensitive chloride channels as shown by patch-clamping after reconstitution. The IAA-sensitive 100/280-picosiemens chloride channels of the sarcolemma are likely to be responsible for its major chloride conductance and thereby for the stabilization of resting potential
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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