1,720,994 research outputs found
Investigation of the electrical, optical and structural properties of the InP thin films obtained by spraying pyrolysis method
Full text linkFen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Fizik Ana Bilim DalıÖZET KİMYASAL PÜSKÜRTME YÖNTEMİYLE ELDE EDİLEN InP İNCE PİMLERİNİN ELEKTRİK, OPTİK VE YAPISAL ÖZELLİKLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ AKSOY, Funda Niğde Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Fizik Anabilim Dalı Danışman : Prof. Dr. Refik KAYALI Temmuz 2005, 67 sayfa Değişik oranlarda alman InCl3 ve Na2HP04 ile hazırlanan eriyikler kullanılarak püskürtme yöntemi ile değişik taban sıcaklıklarında kuvars cam alttabanlar üzerine oluşturulan amorf InP ince filmlerinin elektriksel, optik ve yapısal özellikleri; dört nokta yöntemi, Hail mobilite deneyi, UV spektrometresi, XRD ve SEM gibi ölçüm yöntemleri ile incelendi. Dört nokta yöntemiyle, aynı alt taban sıcaklığında farklı oranlarda hazırlanan iki ince film örneğinin karanlıktaki elde edilen özdirenç değerleri 6.25xl04 ve 19.11xl04 Q-cm ve ışık allında elde edilen değerleri de 5.74xl04 ve 12.57xl04 Q-cm bulundu. Aynı örneklerin Hail mobiliteleri 1.04x1ü2 ve 38.58xl0"2 cm2/V-s olarak elde edildi, özdirenç ve Hail mobilite değerleri karşılaştırıldığında özdirençteki artışın Hail mobilitesinde azalışa neden olduğu görüldü. UV spektrometresi ölçüm sonuçlarından yararlanarak, farklı oranlarda ve alt taban sıcaklılarında hazırlanan InP ince film örnekleri için elde edilen enerji bant aralığı değerleri 1.60-1.85 eV arasında değişmektedir. Örneklerin yapısal özellikleri XRD ve SEM yöntemleriyle tespit edildi. XRD ve SEM ölçümü sonuçlarından tüm ince film örneklerinde homojen bir polikristalleşmenin olduğu, fakat kristalleşmenin farklı boyut ve şekillerde meydana geldiği görüldü. Bunun yanı sıra, ince film örneklerinin içerdiği indiyum oranının artmasıyla doku boyutlarının arttığı ve buna bağlı olarak yüzey yapısındaki kristalleşmenin homojenliğe doğru gittiği görüldü. Anahtar Sözcükler: MP, püskürtme yöntemi, elektrik ve optik özellikler, ince filmler mSUMMARY INVESTIGATION OF THE ELECTRICAL OPTICAL AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THE InP THIN FILMS OBTAINED BY SPRAYING PYROLYSIS METHOD AKSOY, Funda Nigde University Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences Department of Physics Supervisor : Prof. Dr. Refik KAYALI July 2005, 68 pages Electrical, optical and structural properties of the InP thin films formed from the solutions prepared with InCl3 and Na2HP04 with different ratios at different temperatures by spraying pyrolysis method were studied by means of different metods, such as four probe method, Hall mobility experiment, UV spectroscopy, XRD and SEM. The resistivity values of two samples obtained by four probe method in dark and under the light were found 6.25xl04, 19.11xl04 Q-cm 5.74xl04 and 12.57xl04 fi-cm respectively. The Hall mobilities of the same samples were obtained as 1.04X102 and 38.58xl0"2 cm2/V-s from the Hall measurements. When these obtained values of the samples were compared with, each other it was seen that the increase in resistivity of the samples is due to decrease in the mobility. It was found that the band gap energy values of the four samples prepared with different ratios and substrate temperatures obtained from the UV spectroscopy measurement results were varied in the energy region 1.60-1.85 eV. The structural properties of the samples were determined by using the XRD and SEM methods. XRD and SEM measurements showed that all of the thin samples had homogen and polycrystallization structure, but it was observed that the crystallization has been formed with different sizes and formes. In addition to, it was seen that the grain sizes increase with increasing the amount of the indium in thin film samples and at same time the increase amount of the indium causes the crystallization on the surface structure of the samples to have much more homogenic structure. Key Words: InP, spraying pyrolysis method, electrical and optical properties, thin films I
Surface and Bulk Oxygen Vacancy Defect States near the Fermi Level in 125 nm WO3-delta/TiO2 (110) Films: A Resonant Valence Band Photoemission Spectroscopy Study
No full textWOS: 000294077000022An approximately 125 nm thick pulsed laser deposited blue, nonstoichiometric WO3-delta film grows on TiO2 (110) in the [220] direction. Oxidative treatment at 400 degrees C turns the film color from blue to yellow and improves the film quality considerably, as shown by improvement of the Kiessig oscillations in the X-ray reflectometry curves. Detailed analysis of resonant valence band photoemission spectra of the as-deposited nonstoichiometric blue film and oxidized yellow film suggests that a transition near the Fermi energy originates from the nonstoichiometry, i.e., oxygen deficiency, and insofar poses electronic defect states that partially can be eliminated by heat treatment in oxygen. The defects of the as-deposited blue film seem to be located throughout the film, except for the top surface due to exposure to oxygen in ambient air. Thermal after-treatment under oxygen heals the defects in the bulk, whereas residual defect states appear to remain near the film-substrate interface. Potential strain at the substrate-film interface due to lattice mismatch may be one origin for the remanence of the defect states in the bulk.European CommunityEuropean Community (EC) [042095]; Seventh Framework Program Novel Materials for Energy Applications grant [227179]; Swiss National Science FoundationSwiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) [200021116688, 200021-132126, 206021-121306, IZK0Z2-133944]; Swiss Federal Office of Energy [152316-101883, 153613-102809, 153476-102691]; Empa Board of Directors 7th RD Grant; Office of Science/BES, of the U.S. DoEUnited States Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC02-05CH11231]The research leading to these results received funding from the European Community's Sixth Framework Marie Curie International Reintegration Program grant no. 042095 (HiTempEchem - X-ray and Electrochemical Studies on Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and Related Materials), Seventh Framework Program Novel Materials for Energy Applications grant no. 227179 (NanoPEC - Nanostructured Photoelectrodes for Energy Conversion), Swiss National Science Foundation grants 200021116688, 200021-132126, 206021-121306, and IZK0Z2-133944, Swiss Federal Office of Energy contracts 152316-101883, 153613-102809, and 153476-102691, and Empa Board of Directors 7th R&D Grant. The ALS is supported by the Director, Office of Science/BES, of the U.S. DoE, No. DE-AC02-05CH11231
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Sosyal öykü uygulaması kullanan özel eğitim araştırmacılarının konuya ilişkin görüş ve önerileri
Full text linkTez (yüksek lisans) - Anadolu ÜniversitesiAnadolu Üniversitesi, Eğitim Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Özel Eğitim Anabilim DalıKayıt no: 434742Bu çalışmanın amacı, sosyal öykü uygulaması ile tez gerçekleştirmiş araştırmacıların sosyal öykü uygulamasına yönelik görüş ve önerilerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırma toplam dokuz katılımcı ile dört farklı ilde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma nitel araştırma desenlerinden fenomonolojik desen ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma bulguları yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yolu ile toplanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları incelendiğinde, katılımcıların genel olarak sosyal öykü uygulamasının aşamaları hakkında olumlu görüş bildirdikleri görülmektedir. Katılımcılar, sosyal öykü uygulamasında bir kılavuzdan yaralandıklarını ve bu kılavuzun Crol Gray’in kitapları olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Katılımcılar, kullandıkları sosyal öykü hazırlama kılavuzunu hem rehberlik edici hem de sınırlandırıcı olarak görmektedirler. Sosyal öykü uygulamasını uygulayıcı dostu ve pratik olarak ifade eden katılımcılar, bilişsel düzeyi iyi olan çocuklarla çalışma zorunluluğunu sosyal öykünün zayıf yanı olarak nitelendirmektedirler. Katılımcılar, sosyal öykü uygulamasının hem normal gelişim gösteren bireyler hem de diğer tüm yetersizlik grupları ile etkili bir şekilde kullanılabileceğini ifade etmişlerdir. Sosyal öykü uygulamasının sınıf içi kullanımı için çoğunlukla kullanılamaz şeklinde görüş bildiren katılımcılar uygulamanın bireye özgü yapısından ve birebir öğretim düzenlenmesi gerekliliğinden dolayı sınıf içinde kullanılamayacağını ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca sosyal öykü uygulamasının geliştirilmesine yönelik görüş bildiren katılımcılar, sosyal öykü uygulamasının paydaşlara eğitim verilmesiyle geliştirilebileceğini dile getirmişlerdir
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