1,721,037 research outputs found
Leaving Inconsistency Using Fuzzy Logic
No full textCurrent software development methods do not provide adequate means to model inconsistencies and therefore force software engineers to resolve inconsistencies whenever they are detected. Certain kinds of inconsistencies, however, are desirable and should be maintained as long as possible. For instance, when multiple conflicting solutions exist for the same problem, each solution should be preserved to allow further refinements along the development process. An early resolution of inconsistencies may result in loss of information and excessive restriction of the design space. This paper aims to enhance the current methods by modeling and controlling the desired inconsistencies through the application of fuzzy logic-based techniques. It is shown that the proposed approach increases the adaptability and reusability of design models
Improving object-oriented methods by using fuzzy logic
No full textObject-oriented methods create software artifacts
through the application of a large number of rules. Rules are
typically formulated in two-valued logic. There are a number
of problems on how rules are defined and applied in current
methods. First, two-valued logic can capture completely
neither method developers’ intuition nor software engineers’
perception of artifact types. Second, artifacts are generally
produced based only on a subset of relevant properties. Third,
two-valued logic does not model explicitly contextual factors,
which can affect the validity of methodological rules. Fourth,
no means is supplied to deal with multiple design alternatives
and to measure the quality of each alternative during the
development process. High loss of information, early
elimination of artifacts and process iterations are some of
possible fastidious effects. To reduce these problems, this paper
proposes fuzzy logic-based methodological rules. Thanks to its
ability to cope with uncertainty and imprecision, and to
compute with real-world linguistic expressions, fuzzy logic
appears to be a natural solution for improving current
methods
Fuzzy Logic Based Object-Oriented Methods to Reduce Quantization Error and Contextual Bias Problems in Software Development
No full textDuring the last several years, a considerable number of software development methods have been introduced to produce robust, reusable and adaptable software systems. Methods create software artifacts through the application of a large number of heuristic rules. These rules are generally expressed in two-valued logic. In object-oriented methods, for instance, candidate classes are identified by applying the following intuitive rule: "If an entity in a requirement specification is relevant and can exist autonomously in the application domain, then select it as a class". In this paper, we identify and define two major problems regarding how rules are defined and applied in current methods. First, two-valued logic cannot effectively express the approximate and inexact nature of a typical software development process. Although software engineers can perceive partial relevance of an entity and possibly select the entity as a partial candidate class, they are constrained by two-valued logic to quantize relevance into relevant and irrelevant. Second, the influence of contextual factors on rules is generally not modelled explicitly. We term these problems as quantization error and contextual bias problems, respectively. To reduce these problems, we propose to express heuristic rules using fuzzy logic. We illustrate formally how fuzzy logic-based methodological rules can help in lowering the effects of quantization error and contextual bias problems
Deferring elimination of design alternatives in object-oriented methods
No full textWhile developing systems, software engineers generally have to deal with a large number of design alternatives. Current object-oriented methods aim to eliminate design alternatives whenever they are generated. Alternatives, however, should be eliminated only when sufficient information to take such a decision is available. Otherwise, alternatives have to be preserved to allow further refinements along the development process. Too early elimination of alternatives results in loss of information and excessive restriction of the design space. This paper aims to enhance the current object-oriented methods by modeling and controlling the design alternatives through the application of fuzzy-logic-based techniques. By using an example method, it is shown that the proposed approach increases the adaptability and reusability of design models. The method has been implemented and tested in our experimental CASE environment
Reducing quantization error and contextual bias problems in software development processes by applying fuzzy logic
No full textObject-oriented methods define a considerable number of rules, which are generally expressed using two-valued logic. Far example, an entity in a requirement specification is either accepted or rejected as a class. There are two major problems how rules are defined and applied in current methods. Firstly, two-valued logic cannot effectively express the approximate and inexact nature of a typical software development process. Secondly, the influence of contextual factors on rules is generally not modeled explicitly. This paper terms these problems as quantization error and contextual bias problems, respectively. To reduce these problems, we adopt fuzzy logic-based methodological rules. This approach is method independent and is useful for evaluating and enhancing current methods. In addition, the use of fuzzy-logic increases the adaptability and reusability of design models
Developing object-oriented frameworks using domain models
No full textIn this paper we present an integrated approach to
model the domain knowledge related to a framework
and to map the identified domain models into objectoriented concepts. We applied this approach to three
pilot projects. We discuss the problems we
encountered in mapping domain models into objectoriented frameworks. Our experience indicates that
deriving a framework from the related domain
knowledge reduces the amount of framework
refinement time considerably
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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