1,720,971 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
ESMER PİRİNÇLE ZENGİNLEŞTİRİLMİŞ FONKSİYONEL YOĞURT ÜRETİMİ
No full textIn this study, functional yogurt with high γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) content was produced by using crude extracts of germinated brown rice (GBR). GABA fortification by GBR is considered as easy, applicable and economical process for the development of functional yogurt.
Germination was achieved for 96 hours and rice was dried and grounded after germination. Effect of germination period on GABA production, total γ-oryzanol content and total antioxidant capacity was investigated for GBR. It was observed that GABA amount significantly increased with germination period and reached to almost 14 folds after 84 hours of germination. However, γ-oryzanol did not change significantly with germination. The total antioxidant capacity of GBR decreased in first 12 hours of germination then increased up to 84 hours with minor differences (p < 0.05).
GABA fortified functional yogurt samples at different levels were prepared and manufacturing conditions were optimized by using crude extracts obtained from 84 hours GBR flour. And these crude extracts having GABA contents of 13.88 ± 0.71 and 26.86 ± 0.34 mg/100 g dry matter were prepared from 20 and 40 g of flour samples, respectively. The effect of storage period and the addition of GABA standard or crude GBR extracts in all samples were determined by the comparison to control yogurt sample. On the other hand, naturally occurring GABA was not detected in control yogurt (CTR-Y).
Fermentation process results in GABA reduction of about 10.36, 14.39 and 18.57% in yogurt samples with GABA standard (CTR-G), crude extracts of 20 g GBR (GBR20) and crude extract of 40 g GBR (GBR40), respectively (p < 0.05). Whereas, storage period (21 days) has no significant effect on the GABA content of fortified yogurt samples (GABA content of CTR-G, GBR20 and GBR40 yogurt samples is 9.24 ± 0.07, 10.84 ± 0.14 and 21.78 ± 0.13 mg/100 g fresh yogurt, respectively). As compared to CTR-Y yogurt, water holding capacity (WHC) and textural parameters (hardness and gumminess) significantly decreased in GABA containing yogurt samples after 21 days of storage. However, during initial 14 days of storage, WHC and texture were first increased in all yogurt samples and then the reduction was observed during rest of the storage. In contrast, parameters such as cohesiveness and springiness were improved non-significantly for GABA enriched yogurt samples. Total antioxidant capacities of yogurt samples were increased with GABA fortification in the form of crude extracts but yogurt enriched with standard GABA has been observed with lower antioxidant capacity as compared to control yogurt (p < 0.05), whereas storage period has a non-significant effect on the antioxidant capacity of all yogurt samples.
The results of sensory evaluation revealed less acceptability for GBR40 yogurt than control yogurt but GBR20 has been selected as a suitable replacement for conventional yogurt. Furthermore, only a single portion of GBR20 yogurt is enough to supply more than 10 mg of GABA, which is enough for the treatment of individuals with mild hypertension according to the related literature.Bu çalışmada, çimlendirilmiş esmer pirinçten (GBR) elde edilen ham ekstraktlar kullanılarak γ-aminobütirik asit (GABA) içeriği yüksek fonksiyonel yoğurt üretilmiştir. Fonksiyonel bir yoğurt üretimi için, çimlendirilmiş esmer pirinç kullanılarak GABA zenginleştirmesi yapmak kolay, uygulanabilir ve ekonomik bir yöntemdir.
Esmer pirinç 96 saat süreyle çimlendirilmiş, kurutulmuş ve öğütülmüştür. GBR’de, çimlendirme periyodunun GABA ve toplam γ-oryzanol içeriğine ve antioksidan kapasiteye etkisi araştırılmıştır. GABA miktarının çimlendirme süresinin artmasıyla önemli oranda arttığı ve 84 saatlik çimlendirme sonunda başlangıçtaki miktarın yaklaşık 14 katına çıktığı gözlenmiştir. Buna karşın, γ-oryzanol’ün miktarında çimlendirmenin artmasıyla önemli bir değişim olmamıştır. GBR’ın toplam antioksidan kapasitesi, çimlendirmenin ilk 12 saatinde azalmış, 84 saatlik çimlendirmenin sonuna kadar küçük değişikliklerle artmıştır (p < 0,05).
Farklı düzeylerde GABA ile zenginleştirilmiş fonksiyonel yoğurtlar hazırlanmış ve 84 saatlik GBR ham ekstraklarının kullanıldığı üretim koşulları optimize edilmiştir. 20 ve 40 g un örneğinden hazırlanan ham GBR ekstraktları (13,88 ± 0,71 ve 26,86 ± 0,34 mg/100 g kuru madde GABA içeren), fonksiyonel yoğurt üretiminde kullanılmıştır. Depolamanın yoğurtlar üzerine etkisini belirlemede, saf GABA standardı ya da ham GBR ekstraktı katılan yoğurt örnekleri kontrol yoğurt örneği ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Kontrol yoğurdunda (CTR-Y) doğal oluşan GABA tespit edilmemiştir.
Fermantasyon sırasında, GABA standardı katılan yoğurt (CTR-G), 20 g ve 40 g GBR unundan elde edilen ham GABA ekstraktı katılan yoğurt örneklerinde (GBR20 ve GBR40), GABA içeriği sırasıyla %10,36, 14,39 ve 18,57 oranlarında azalmıştır (p < 0,05). Depolama süresince (21 gün) örneklerdeki GABA içeriğindeki değişiklik önemsiz bulunmuştur (GABA içeriği CTR-G yoğurt örneğinde 9,24 ± 0,07, GBR20 de 10,84 ± 0,14 ve GBR40 de 21,78 ± 0,13 mg/100 g). Kontrol yoğurdu ile karşılaştırıldığında, GABA içeren yoğurtların su tutma kapasitesinde (WHC), sertlik ve çiğnenebilirliği gibi tekstürel parametrelerinde 21 günlük depolama süresince önemli azalma olmuştur. Bununla birlikte, depolamanın ilk 14 gününde WHC ve tekstür, tüm yoğurt örneklerinde ilk artırılmış ve daha sonra, geri kalan depolama döneminde azalma gözlemlenmiştir. GABA içeren yoğurt örneklerinde yapışkanlık ve elastikiyet gibi tekstürel parametreler depolama ile iyi yönde gelişmiştir. Yoğurt örneklerinin toplam antioksidan kapasitesi ham ekstrakte edilmiş GABA ile arttırılmıştır fakat saf GABA eklenmiş yoğurtlarda toplam antioksidan kapasite, kontrol yoğurduna göre daha düşük bulunurken (p < 0,05), depolama süresi antioksidan kapasiteyi etkilememiştir.
Duyusal analiz sonuçları, GBR40 yoğurdunun kontrol yoğurduna göre kabul edilebilirliğinin düşük olduğunu, GBR20 yoğurdunun ise kontrol yoğurdunun yerini alabilecek uygunlukta olduğunu göstermiştir. GBR20 yoğurdunun bir porsiyonunda yer alan 10mg’dan yüksek GABA içeriği, literatüre göre yüksek tansiyonlu bireylerin tansiyonunu kontrol etmede yeterli bulunmaktadır
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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