1,720,963 research outputs found
Effect of Health Capital Expenditure on Economic Growth in Nigeria
No full textHuge public funds have been expended on health and other human capital variables over time with little knowledge of the impact on economic growth in Nigeria. Building on the endogenous growth model, this study assessed the impact of health capital expenditure on economic growth in Nigeria. Data was sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria’s (CBN) statistical bulletin, the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) and the World Development Indicators (WDI) spanning 1981 to 2018. Based on the results of Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) tests, which revealed different orders of integration of the study series, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL) procedure was adopted in estimating the stated model equation. The bounds test suggested the presence of a long-run relationship among the study variables. The short-run model revealed that lagged GDP growth rate (P<0.0), health capital expenditure – CAP (P<0.01), lagged health capital expenditure and gross fixed – CAP(-1) (P<0.05) – capital formation-K (P<0.1), significantly affected economic growth with a significant negative trend and speed of adjustment of 37.6 percent. In the long run, health capital expenditure (P<0.05), gross fixed capital formation (P<0.05), education expenditure (P<0.05) alongside a positive trend significantly affected economic growth. The study concluded that capital expenditure in the health sector as well as education spending and capital formation were important for economic growth. Furthermore, labour was not a limiting factor in the Nigerian growth process, obviously due to abundant availability of labour and a high unemployment rate. Furthermore, the proposition of health-led growth hypothesis and the endogenous growth models were confirmed. Therefore, more funds should be expended on capital projects in the health and education sectors in order to enhance growth
Exchange Rate Volatility and Agricultural Exports in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bound Test Approacj
Get PDFThere have been fluctuations in the exchange rate of Naira to other world major currencies especially the US Dollar over time. The implication of this on agricultural exports is unknown. This study determined the effect of exchange rate returns volatility on Nigeria's agricultural export performance using annual data from 1980-2015 sourced from CBN and FAOSTAT. The ARCH-LM test was carried out to establish the presence ofheteroscedasticity in the exchange rate return series as revealed by the significant F-statistic and the nR2• The GARCH (1, 1) model was used to generate the exchange rate return volatiiity series which was subsequently incorporated into the ARDL model for determining factors affecting agricultural exports (cocoa and rubber). The Bound test revealed longrun relationship among variables. Results indicated that exchange rate return volatility did not significantly affect exports both in the short-run and the long-run. This may be partially attributed to the inelastic nature of agricultural commodities' supply particularly in the short run. It was also revealed that there is a positive and significant relationship between exchange rate, inflation, GDP, domestic prices, world prices and agricultural export. The study recommended among others that fiscal and monetary policies such as lower interest rate and import restriction on certain agricultural products should be adopted by the relevant authorities alongside other measures which may improve local production to meet both international and local demands, thereby, improving agricultural export and raising foreign exchange earnings which may translate to sustainable economic growth and lead the country out of recession
Effect of foreign aid on human development in Sub-Saharan Africa: a system GMM approach
Get PDFUsing data for 47 SSA countries from 2000 to 2016, the study examined the effect of foreign aid on human development in SSA by employing the System-GMM approach, which is specifically applicable to the present case. Results revealed that aid did not affect human development in SSA, whereas, corruption was found to reduce HDI, while trade openness improved it. Validity of results was confirmed by the Arellano-Bond test for autocorrelation in the disturbance term and the Hansen and Sargan tests for the validity of instrumental variables. The study recommended effective framework for utilization of foreign aid and reduction of corruption
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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