137 research outputs found
Effects of Diabetogenic Agent Streptozotocin on Hematological Parameters of Wistar Albino Rats "An Experimental Study"
No full textBackground: Diabetes mellitus has remained the major concern for medical sciences researches due to its deleterious effects on general, physical and mental health of patients. To understand the pathophysiology and to explore better treatment options for such kind of metabolic disorders it is necessary to generate the experimental animal models. To create diabetic animal models, streptozotocin has shown predominance in selectivity as a diabetogenic agent. While studying effects of any intervention in the diabetic animal models, being a cytotoxic drug streptozotocin may affect the study results by inhibiting highly replicating cells especially hematopoietic cells.
Keywords: Streptozotocin; animal model; hematological parameters.
1. INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus has remained the major concern for medical sciences researches not only due to its high incidence and prevalence rate but also due its deleterious effects on general, physical and mental health of the patients [1]. To understand the pathophysiology and to explore better treatment options for such kind of metabolic disorders it is necessary to generate the experimental animal models [2]. To create diabetic animal models, surgical (pancreatectomy) and pharmacological (alloxan monohydrate and streptozotocin) options have been used in research but pharmacological options particularly use of streptozotocin has shown predominance in selectivity as a diabetogenic agent [1,2]. Chemically, streptozotocin is a derivative of synthetic Nitrosoureido Glucopyranose and has been used for cancer chemotherapies [3], being its potential to inhibit DNA synthesis in bacterial and mammalian cells [4]. While its diabetogenic effect is thought to be attributed to its ability to cause pancreatic β cells’ death by DNA alkylation and hence used to induce diabetes mellitus in experimental animals [5,6].
The methods to induce diabetes in animal models by streptozotocin fall under three categories 1. Multiple small doses (i.e. 40 mg/kg) of streptozotocin over a period of several days 2. A single moderate dose (i.e. 60 mg/kg) of streptozotocin or 3. A single large dose (100 mg/kg) of streptozotocin produce diabetes in 48-
72 hours. Usually a single large dose of streptozotocin is used to induce diabetes in experimental models as reported by Ito et al. 100 mg / kg of streptozotocin produced non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in experimental animals [7]. Streptozotocin can be administered by various routes including subcutaneous and intramuscular routes but intraperitoneal and intravenous administration routes are preferred. [8]. After 3-4 days of streptozotocin administration fasting blood glucose levels are obtained to confirm the accuracy of procedure [9] and on 5th day when 180-500 mg/dl serum glucose levels are obtained experimental animals are considered as diabetic [10].
Though streptozotocin is preferred pharmaco- logical method for induction of diabetes [11], many studies have reported spontaneous recovery from hyperglycemia due to reactive hyperinsulinemia insulinoma [12,13,14]. Streptototozin, not only affects pancreas and cause diabetes in experimental animals but also have a potential to produce toxic effects on other body tissues as well. It has been learnt through a number of studies that streptozotocin is associated with high incidence of hepatic and renal tumors [15], increase in permeability of blood brain barrier [16], renal hypertrophy [17] and retinal damage in experimental animal models [18]. As already discussed that streptozotocin damages DNA by alkylation and produces free radicals, therefore it may harm any organ system of animals [19]. Despite of aforementioned, streptozotocin is still employed
Aims: The aim of study was to analyze the effects of streptozotocin on various cellular components of blood such as RBCs, WBCs (Lymphocytes, Neutrophils, Eosinophils), Hb%, HCT and Platelets, at baseline, 5th day and 15th day without any intervention.
Study Design: Animal based Experimental study.
Place and duration of Study: The study was conducted at animal house of faculty of Pharmacy Ziauddin University Karachi, while laboratory work was performed at MDRL-1 Ziauddin University. Methodology: In Group A normal saline and in group B and C 60 mg / kg streptozotocin diluted in normal saline was administered intraperitoneally. After the confirmation of induction of Diabetes in rats, on fifth day blood samples were drawn from Group A and B and were analyzed. While blood samples from group C were drawn on fifteenth day.
Results: Analysis of various hematological parameters on 5th day revealed that there was a decrease in the levels of Hb, HCT, RBCs and WBCs with an increase in platelet count in group B in comparison to group A (control). On the other hand, in Group C (15th day), blood cell counts (Hb, HCT, RBCs, WBCs, Lymphocytes, Neutrophils and platelets) seemed to recover from streptozotocin induced decline that was observed in group B, however did not reach the baselines as in group A(control).
Conclusion: It is concluded that change in hematological parameters of rats after administration of streptozotocin is reversible. The blood parameters may recover near to base line values without any intervention within two weeks
Desktop Based Furniture Sales Information System (Case Study: Faiza Houseware & Furniture Store)
Full text linkThis study aims to build a desktop-based furniture sales information system at Faiza Houseware & Furniture Store. Toko Faiza Houseware & Furniture is one of the stores engaged in the sale of furniture products such as tables, benches, beds, and kitchen sets. Until now, Faiza Houseware & Furniture Store has not utilized information system technology to support its sales data processing. Toko Faiza Houseware & Furniture still utilizes ledgers to record furniture sales data reports that are made every day. So that data corruption and even data loss often occurs. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and literature studies. The programming language that the author uses to build a desktop-based furniture sales information system that will be implemented at Toko Faiza Houseware & Furniture is Visual Basic .Net. Visual Basic Net is an object-oriented programming language that allows users to create applications with visual techniques. The tool used by the author as a data storage in the desktop-based furniture sales information system built is Microsoft Access. Data reports processed in the desktop-based furniture sales information system can be displayed and printed through Crystal Report. The results showed that the desktop-based furniture sales information system built in this study can improve operational performance and customer service by speeding up and simplifying the furniture sales process at Toko Faiza Houseware & Furniture
Comparative analysis of antidyslipidemic effects of fenugreek seed extract and standard pharmacological therapy in diet induced animal model of dyslipidemia. An experimental study
No full textObjectives: The objective of this study was to compare the antidyslipidemic effects of fenugreek seed extract in comparison to standard drugs used for dyslipidemia in an animal model of dyslipidemia.
Methods: It was an experimental study conducted on 42 male, 9 weeks old Wistar albino rats for a period of 7 weeks. Animals were randomly divided into 7 groups, out of which 6 groups were given lipid rich diet to induce dyslipidemia for 28 days while one group served as control given normal diet. After 28 days standard drugs alone as well as in combinations (statins 10 mg/kg and fibrates 100 mg/kg) and fenugreek seed extract in two different doses, 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg were administered once a day for 21 days to all the respective groups except positive (lipid rich diet) and negative control groups (on normal diet), both were administered normal saline. Baseline body weights of all groups of animals were measured at the start of the study. At the end of the study period, body weights of all groups of animal groups were measured again and their blood was drawn through cardiac puncture for the assessment of TC, LDL-C, HDL, TGs, D/B, I/B and ALT. All the intervention groups were compared on the basis of above mentioned parameters and changes in weight.
Results: Amongst all the groups, lipid parameters (TC, LDL, TGs) showed a significant reduction and increase in HDL in the group on FSE in a dose dependent manner. Moreover, FSE also showed significant decrease in the levels of liver enzymes including ALT, D/B and in body weight when compared to other groups. While we did not find any significant change for urea, creatinine and I/B amongst all the groups.
Conclusion: It is concluded that the fenugreek seed extract showed superior effects when compared to traditional pharmacological therapy against dyslipidemia
Teknik Persuasif Dalam Buku Allah Maha Baik Karya Arum Faiza
Full text linkPersuasive Techniques in the Book of Allah is Good by Arum Faiza This research is entitled persuasive techniques in the book Allah is Good by Arum Faiza. The reason for choosing this title is because the book Allah is Good by Arum Faiza is a book that contains Islamic motivations so the author wants to know the persuasive techniques he uses. Persuasive techniques are important to study because of the conditions that the author must fulfill in his work as a motivational book. This research is a qualitative research by using data collection techniques through documentation and hermaneutic techniques. The method used is content analysis. This study uses the keraf theory (2007), the results of the persuasive technique research in the book Allah Maha Baik by Arum Faiza found 51 data, including persuasive techniques (1) Rationalization of 6 data or equivalent to 12%, (2) Identification of 6 data or equivalent to 12 %, (3) Suggestions as much as 30 data or equivalent to 59%, (4) Compensation as much as 4 data or as much as 7%, (5) Conformity as much as 2 data or equivalent to 4%, (6) Replacement not found, (7) Projection as much as 3 data or the equivalent of 6%. Thing. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the persuasive technique used by Arum Faiza in the book Allah is Good is more dominant in using the technique of suggestion because the book Allah is Good tends to use persuasion to influence other people, this persuasion is used to encourage readers to be motivated by words. -words used, followed by rationalization, identification, conformity, compensation and projection
Psikologi Sastra dalam Novel Arafat Rahasia Besar Bocah Gaza Karya Arum Faiza
Full text linkThis research is focused on the field of literary psychology which discusses personality structure according to Freud, namely id, ego, and superego. The purpose of this study is to describe, analyze, interpret, and conclude the character's personality structure related to id, ego, and superego in Arafat's novel The Great Secret of the Gaza Boy by Arum Faiza. This research belongs to the type of qualitative research with descriptive methods (content analysis). The data in this study are quotes of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences that contain personality structures, namely id, ego, and superego contained in Arafat's novel The Great Secret of the Gaza Boy by Arum Faiza. From the results of research on the personality structure of the id, ego, and superego, the dominant element is the ego. Ego personality structure found as many as 20 data. The personality structure of the ego is more dominant because in Arafat's novel The Big Secret of the Gaza Boy tells of heroism. Because of the heroic theme of the novel, what appears the most is the ego personality structure. When talking about heroism, it must be real or real action. To support this, the author makes the characters appear more real in the novel. To show the heroic side can not be from id. Because to show the heroic side you have to look real, therefore you have to appear with ego
ANALISIS ISI PESAN DAKWAH DALAM BUKU “KAMULAH WANITA TANGGUH ITU” KARYA ARUM FAIZA. DKK
Full text linkABSTRAK
Analisis Isi Pesan Dakwah
Dalam Buku Kamulah Wanita Tangguh Itu
Karya Arum Faiza. Dkk
Oleh
Nanda Aulia Pratiwi
Dakwah harus dikemas dengan berbagai saran, tidak hanya
dengan cara bertatap muka. Agar dakwah tidak terbatas ruang dan
waktu saja. Berdakwah dapat dilakukan melalui media cetak atau yang
sering disebut dengan dakwah Bil Qolam yaitu saran dan metode
dalam menyampaikan pesan-pesan dakwah kepada mad’u melalui
media cetak salah satunya adalah dengan buku.
Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apa sajakah hasil
Analisis Isi Pesan Dakwah dalam Buku Kamulah Wanita
Tangguh Itu Karya Arum Faiza. Dkk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini
adalah untuk mengetahui pesan dakwah apa saja yang terkandung
dalam buku Kamulah Wanita Tangguh Itu.
Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian pustaka (library research).
Metode yang digunakan penulis yaitu pendekatan kualitatif dengan
menggunakan teknik analisis deksriptif yang sering kali digunakan
untuk mengkaji pesan-pesan dakwah. Dengan menggunakan teknik
dakwah. Di dalam penelitian skripsi ini, Penulis mengkategorikan isi
pesan dakwah untuk mengetahui pesan dakwah dalam buku Kamulah
Wanita Tangguh Itu Karya Arum Faiza. Dkk. Berdasarkan hasil data
yang diperoleh adalah isi buku Kamulah Wanita Tangguh Itu terdapat
banyak pesan-pesan dakwah diantaranya : Pesan Aqidah meliputi
Iman kepada Allah, Iman Kepada Rasul, Iman kepada Kitab. Dan
percaya akan ketetapan Allah adalah yang terbaik untuk kita. Pesan
Syariah yang meliputi Ibadah dan berdoa. Sedangkan pesan Akhlak
meliputi Ikhlas, Bersyukur, Tawakal dan bersabar.
Kata kunci : Analisis Isi, Pesan Dakwah
iii
ABSTRACT
Content Analysis of Da'wah Messages
In the book you are the tough woman
Arum Faiza's work. Etc
By
Nanda Aulia Pratiwi
Da'wah must be packed with various suggestions, not only face
to face. So that da'wah is not limited by space and time. Preaching can
be done through print media or what is often referred to as Bil Qolam
da'wah, namely suggestions and methods in conveying da'wah
messages to mad'u through print media, one of which is with books.
The formulation of the problem in this study is what are the
results of the Content Analysis of the Da'wah Message in the book
You are a Tough Woman by Arum Faiza. Etc. The purpose of this
study is to find out what da'wah messages are contained in the book
You are a Tough Woman.
This research includes library research. The method used by the
author is a qualitative approach using descriptive analysis techniques
which are often used to examine da'wah messages. By using da'wah
techniques. In this thesis research, the author categorizes the contents
of the da'wah message to find out the message of da'wah in the book
You are a Tough Woman by Arum Faiza. Etc.
Based on the results of the data obtained are the contents of the
book You are a Tough Woman There are many messages of da'wah
including: Aqidah messages include Faith in Allah, Faith in Apostles,
Faith in the Book. And believe in Allah's decree is the best for us.
Sharia messages covering Worship and praying. While the message of
morality includes sincerity, gratitude, trust and patience.
Keywords: Content Analysis, Message of Da'wa
APPROPRIATION: A POST-COLONIAL STUDY OF THE WHO AND THE WHAT BY AYAD AKHTAR
Full text linkThis study explores the impact of western culture on the people who migrate from east to west in the post-colonial period. The focal point of the present study is based on the perspective of post-colonialism within the illustration of appropriation. This study tends to hold the attention of the reader to comprehend the term appropriation through the selected text. The play “The Who and the What” (2014) by Ayad Akhtar has been exhaustively evaluating the after-effects of the colonial era. The current study also investigates the stage of settlement in the west and what are the things people have to face in adjustment. This study also explores the life of presented characters in the story and explains that blind appropriation of western culture makes someone fanatic. This study also highlights the impact of appropriation on the people who migrated from east to west. The people who settle in the west, try to cling to their values, traditions, language, and culture they reject other cultures, this act provides them peace and makes their life prosperous. On the other hand, some people blindly appropriate the western culture, they adopt their language, social norms, traditions, and customs and this approach brings disastrous consequences and makes them fanatic too
Novel Probabilistic Frameworks for Author-Level Topic Modeling
Full text linkThe increasing complexity of textual data in modern applications, such as social media and academic literature analysis, needs improved topic modeling techniques that capture sparsity, variability, and nuanced author-topic relationships. Because of their rigorous assumptions and inadequate adaptability in representing various data, traditional models generally fail to address these shortcomings. We present two novel probabilistic models, Author Dirichlet Multinomial Allocation with Generalized Distribution (ADMAGD) and Author Beta-Liouville Multinomial Allocation (ABLiMA) to overcome these drawbacks while strengthening the state of author-specific topic modeling. To depict complex author-topic relationships, ADMAGD incorporates the Generalized Dirichlet distribution. For datasets with uneven or absent topic representations, ABLiMA uses the Beta-Liouville distribution to adjust for topic distribution variability and sparsity. By comparing these models to common datasets like the NIPS and 20 Newsgroups datasets, the research presented here demonstrates how well these models manage sparsity, capture complex theme preferences, and generate coherent subjects. The results show that the models can be applied to many situations. Coherence measure and author-topic relationship visualizations further validate their interpretability and usefulness
Carbon-based sorbets for heavy metal removal from aqueous solution, discrepancies, and future prospects: a state-of-the-art review
No full textHeavy metal contamination is severely affecting human health and environment. These metals are known to exist naturally but the anthropogenic activities have contributed towards increasing their concentrations beyond permissible limits, which in turn have proved to be hazardous for the human health as well as environment. Various industries release the untreated wastewater containing heavy metals into the open streams, thereby creating a contaminated source affecting negatively on consumers. In order to deal with this, several materials have been researched and proposed as adsorbents to remove these contaminants. Amongst them are carbon-based materials, that have shown to be effective, efficient, and environment-friendly option for heavy metal adsorption from aqueous solutions. The present review thoroughly summarizes the recent developments of carbon-based materials, specifically in terms of their application in heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions. Moreover, it elaborates the adsorption mechanism and compares it with other technologies available for metallic removal. Similarly, various parameters affecting the adsorption using carbon-based materials and their recent regenerative strategies are presented. In the end, numerous shortcomings and discrepancies associated with carbon-based materials are given along with their future prospects that need to be addressed in the upcoming research.Fil: Akhter, Faheem. No especifíca;Fil: Miranda Zoppas, Fernanda. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera". Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica "Ing. José Miguel Parera"; ArgentinaFil: Soomro, Mehran. Mehran University Of Engineering & Technology; PakistánFil: Sattar Jatoi, Abdul. Dawood University Of Engineering & Technology; PakistánFil: Noureen, Fozia. No especifíca;Fil: Naeem Akhtar, Muhammad. Beijing Institute Of Technology,; ChinaFil: Mehreen, Faiza. Mehran University Of Engineering & Technology; Pakistá
Epigenetic regulation of endogenous plant pararetroviruses
Full text linkThis thesis focuses on epigenetic processes involved in the regulation of gene expression in endogenous pararetroviruses (EPRVs), exemplified by endogenous Petunia vein clearing virus (ePVCV-1) and its episomal form, PVCV. Since ePVCV-1/PVCV was found to have features characteristic of retrotransposon and endogenous retroviruses (Richert-Poggeler and Shepherd, 1997), detailed analysis of these retroelements in different systems gives a deep insight to understand the interconnection of these elements and their regulation by the host cellular machinery as described in chapter one.
Chapter two describes the different silencing states of ePVCV-1 in two distinct Petunia hybrida lines, “white 138” (W138) and “rose du ciel” (Rdc). Despite of ePVCV-1 integration into the pericentromeric regions of the Petunia hybrida chromatin, we found that this position still allows for a low level of transcription that increases with increasing plant age and is higher in W138 than Rdc. To correlate these findings with epigenetic marks, we compared these cultivars in respect to DNA- and histone-methylation and siRNA production. Using bisulfite treatment, ePVCV-1 sequences were found to be methylated at cytosines in all contexts. Astonishingly, however, in both hosts the methylation rate in the non-coding region containing the promoter is relatively low. This might indicate a special ability of the viral promoter to escape complete inactivation by methylation. In Rdc, nearly all histones covering the ePVCV-1 coding region were methylated at lysine 9 of histone 3 (H3K9), a flag for heterochromatin, while in W138 about half of them were of the H3K9- and half of the H3K4-type, the latter representing active chromatin. Interestingly and in accordance with the DNA methylation data, the H3K4/H3K9 ratio was relatively high for the promoter region of both cultivars. The higher H3K4/H3K9 ratio in W138 correlates with an increased rate of ePVCV-1 induction. Furthermore, we show the production of siRNAs of three different size classes (24, 22 and 21 nt) in both cultivars, all of
which are weaker in W138 than in Rdc. Together our observations indicate that W138 is less efficient in silencing of the endogenous viral sequences than Rdc.
In chapter three, I investigated the promoter region of PVCV and determined its ability to direct transcription in transgenic plants. Furthermore, I analyzed the regulatory elements of this particular promoter in comparison with those of other plant pararetrovirus promoters. In particular I studied the functionality of an as-1 like element and its contribution to PVCV promoter expression. Although originally of medium strength, the promoter could be improved to about 50% strength of that of the CaMV 35S promoter by “repairing“ a pair of degenerated as-1 enhancer elements. We show, that the promoter includes upstream and downstream enhancer elements, and that it can be improved considerably by restoring two degenerated as-1 elements.
The concept of creating virus-resistant plants by transformation with genes derived from the pathogen genome is a well-exploited and highly effective procedure to fight viruses as causal agents of diseases in plants (Fichen and Beachy, 1993). Recently it has been demonstrated that RNA interference (RNAi) can be successfully triggered against plant viruses by transient expression of an inverted repeat of target sequences (Pooggin et al., 2003; Tenllado et al., 2004). In chapter four, we use this technique to develop RNA-mediated banana streak virus resistance via TGS and/or PTGS and the method should prevent the outbreak of virus infection upon rare spontaneous induction of endogenous BSV in tissue culture.
Chapter five is a publication in EMBO journal to which I contributed in major ways. This paper describes the production of cloned PVCV originating directly from Petunia plants and from a Petunia gene library. Our findings allowed comparative and direct analysis of horizontally and vertically transmitted virus forms and demonstrated their infectivity using biolistic transformation of a provirus-free petunia species. Some integrants within the genome of P.hybrida were found to be arranged in tandem, allowing direct release of virus by transcription. In addition to known inducers of endogenous pararetroviruses, such as genome hybridization, tissue culture and abiotic stresses, we observed
activation of PVCV after wounding. Our data also support the hypothesis that the host plant uses DNA methylation to control the endogenous pararetrovirus.
In a preamble I point out, which part of this paper is based on my own experimentation and interpretation. on to control the endogenous pararetrovirus.
In a preamble I point out, which part of this paper is based on my own experimentation and interpretation
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