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The effect of individuals' health perceptions on informal payment attitudes
No full textSağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sağlık Yönetimi Ana Bilim DalıBu çalışma, bireylerin sağlığa ilişkin algılarının informal ödemeleri yapmaya yönelten unsurlarına ve informal ödeme tutumlarına etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlayan kesitsel tipte nicel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın evrenini Hatay'da yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzeri yetişkin bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış, gönüllülük esas alınarak 400 bireye anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak; kişisel bilgi formu, Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği, İnformal Ödeme Yapmaya Yönelten Unsurları Belirlemeye Yönelik Ölçek ve İnformal Ödemelere Yönelik Tutumu Belirlemeye Yönelik Ölçek kullanılmıştır. Sonuçların elde edilmesinde tanımlayıcı analizler, güvenirlik analizi, normallik testleri, bağımsız örneklem t-testi, Pearson korelasyon analizi, doğrusal regresyon ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarındaki farklılığı belirlemek için Post-Hoc. çoklu karşılaştırma testlerinden biri olan Tukey-HSD testinden faydalanılmıştır. Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği puan ortalamalarının (ort:50,09 Min:32-Max:72), İnformal Ödeme Yapmaya Yönelten Unsurları Belirlemeye Yönelik Ölçek puan ortalamalarının (ort:2,5 Min1-Max:4,94) ve İnformal Ödemelere Yönelik Tutumu Belirlemeye Yönelik Ölçek puan ortalamalarının (ort:2,93 Min:1,94-Max:4,25) orta düzeyde olduğu araştırma sonuçlarından görülmektedir. İnformal ödemeleri yapmaya yönelten unsurların, informal ödemelere yönelik tutumun ve bireylerin sağlık algılarının; demografik özellikler ve informal ödeme ile ilgili görüşlerine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). İnformal ödemeleri yapmaya yönelten unsurlar, informal ödemelere yönelik tutum ve bireylerin sağlık algıları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). İnformal ödemeleri yapmaya yönelten unsurların arttırılmasıyla informal ödemelere yönelik tutumun da artacağı; bireylerde sağlık algısının arttırılması ile informal ödemeleri yapmaya yönelten unsurların azalacağı tespit edilmiştir. Bireylerin sağlık algılarının informal ödemeleri yapmaya yönelten unsurların %8'ini anlamlı olarak açıkladığı; sağlık algısının kontrol merkezi alt boyutunun bireylerde informal ödeme yapmaya yönelten unsurları negatif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin sağlık algılarının informal ödemelere yönelik tutumların %5,4'ünü anlamlı olarak açıkladığı; sağlık algısının kontrol merkezi alt boyutunun bireylerde informal ödemelere yönelik tutumları negatif yönde; sağlığın önemi alt boyutunun ise bireylerde informal ödemelere yönelik tutumları pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği görülmektedir. Bireylerin bir kısmı; informal ödemenin yasaya aykırı, etik dışı, ahlaki açıdan yanlış, yolsuzlukla eşdeğer olduğunu ve mesleki yozlaşmaya neden olacağını düşünürken; bir kısmı da hızlı ve kaliteli hizmet almak, sıra beklememek, tanınmış bir doktora muayene olmak, özel ilgi görmek ve sağlık hizmetini tam olarak alamamaktan korktukları için informal ödemeye başvurduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Bireyleri bu tür ödeme yapmaya yönelten sağlık algılarının değiştirilmesi ve alınacak sağlık politikası önlemleriyle birlikte informal ödemelerin azalacağı düşünülmektedir.This study is a cross-sectional quantitative research that aims to investigate the effects on the factors that lead them to make informal payments and their informal payment attitudes of individuals' health-related perceptions. The population of the research consists of adult individuals aged 18 and over who live in Hatay. Simple random sampling method was used in the research, the survey method was applied to 400 individual on a voluntary basis. As data collection tools in the research; personal information form, Health Perception Scale, Scale for Determining the Factors That Lead to Making Informal Payments and Scale for Determining Attitudes towards Informal Payments were used. Descriptive analyses, reliability analysis, normality tests, independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to obtain the results. The Tukey- HSD test, one of the post-hoc multiple comparison tests, was used to determine differences in the analysis results. It can be seen from the research results that the average score of the Health Perception Scale mean scores (ort:50,09 Min:32-Max:72), Scale for Determining the Factors That Lead to Making Informal Payments mean scores (mean:2,5 Min1-Max:4,94) and Scale for Determining Attitudes Towards Informal Payments are (mean: 2.93, Min: 1.94-Max: 4.25) at a medium level. Factors that lead to making informal payments, attitudes towards informal payments and individuals' health perceptions; it was determined that there was a significant difference according to demographic characteristics and their opinions about informal payment (p <0.05). It was found that there were significant relationships between the factors that led to making informal payments, attitudes towards informal payments, and individuals' health perceptions (p<0.05). As the factors that lead to informal payments increase, the attitude towards informal payments will also increase; it has been determined that by increasing the perception of health in individuals, the factors that lead them to make informal payments will decrease. vi Individuals' health perceptions significantly explained 8% of the factors that lead to making informal payments; it was determined that the control center sub-dimension of health perception negatively affected the factors that lead to making informal payments in a statistically significant way. Individuals' health perceptions significantly explained 5.4% of attitudes towards informal payments; the control center sub-dimension of health perception negatively affects individuals' attitudes towards informal payments; it is seen that the importance of health sub-dimension positively affected individuals' attitudes towards informal payments in a statistically significant way. Some of the individuals; consider that informal payment is unlawful, unethical, morally wrong, tantamount to corruption and will lead to professional corruption; some of them stated that they resorted to informal payments because they wanted to receive fast and quality service, not to wait in line, to be examined by a well-known doctor, to receive special attention, and because they were afraid of not receiving full healthcare. It is thought that informal payments will decrease with the changing of health perceptions that lead individuals to make such payments and the health policy measures to be taken
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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