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Tradisi Gawa’ dalam perkawinan antar suku perspektif teori Akulturasi Redfield: Studi Dayak Mentebah dan Suku Melayu di Kecamatan Mentebah Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu
Get PDFABSTRAK
Pernikahan antara suku Dayak Mentebah dan suku Melayu menghadirkan corak yang khas pada pelaksanaan tradisi gawa’ nya. Tradisi gawa’ adalah sebutan masyarakat suku Dayak mentebah dan Melayu di Kecamatan Mentebah untuk menyebut istilah pesta pernikahan yang mana salah satu dari kedua mempelai ada yang bersuku Dayak Mentebah atau Melayu.
Suku Dayak Mentebah adatnya berkenaan dengan tradisi gawa’ sedikit luntur ketika mempelai yang dinikahi bersuku Melayu. Terutama menghilangnya lima warna utama suku Dayak Mentebah yang memiliki maknanya tersendiri pada prosesi gawa’ yaitu warna merah, hitam, hijau, putih, dan kuning. Bagi suku Melayu adanya daging babi ketika mempelai yang dinikahi bersuku Dayak Mentebah menjadi masalah serius dikarenakan suku Melayu di Kecamatan Mentebah yang identik dengan Islam. Walaupun hal ini dihadapkan pada kenyataan bahwa adanya daging babi merupakan adat suku Dayak Mentebah pada saat prosesi gawa’.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) menganalisis bagaimana suku Dayak Mentebah memaknai tradisi gawa’ di Kecamatan Mentebah Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu, (2) menganalisis bagaimana suku Melayu memaknai tradisi gawa’, (3) menganalisis bagaimana akulturasi antara budaya suku Dayak Mentebah dengan suku Melayu pada saat tradisi gawa’ di Kecamatan Mentebah Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu.
Peneliti menggunakan kualitatif deskriptif dengan jenis penelitian studi kasus. Sumber data yang dapat diambil melalui subjek pelaku tradisi gawa’, Kepala Kantor Urusan Agama, Kepala Desa, Dosen, Kepala Adat, Tokoh Pemuda, dan Tokoh Adat. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan cara mereduksi data yang tidak relevan, memaparkan data dan menarik kesimpulan.
Hasil penelitian adalah (1) Tradisi gawa’ pada masyarakat suku Dayak Mentebah adalah permintaan kepada roh leluhur untuk memberikan kesejahteraan, kebahagiaan serta perlindungan kepada kedua mempelai sekaligus sebagai bentuk penghormatan terhadap adat. (2) Tradisi gawa’ pada Masyarakat suku Melayu adalah simbol dan harapan langsung kepada Allah SWT (3) Faktor yang menyebabkan terjadinya akulturasi adalah faktor interaksi sosial, faktor adaptasi, faktor perubahan, dan faktor penerimaan watak progresif (4) Hasil dari akulturasi adalah acceplance (dominasi) pada konteks tertentu.
ABSTRACT
Marriage tradition between Dayak Mentebah and and Malay ethnics brings a unique style to the implementation of it’s Gawa’ tradition. Gawa’ tradition is a term called by Dayak Mentebah and Malay in the Mentebah Sub-district to refer to the term of reception or wedding party where one of the brides is Dayak Mentebah or Malay ethnics.
Dayak Mentebah ethnic with a series of traditional beliefs regarding the Gawa’ tradition 'faded a little when the bride married is one of the Malay ethnics; initially the disappearance of five main colors of Dayak Mentebah ethnic having their own meaning in the procession of Gawa’ ,namely red, black, green, white, and yellow. Besides, for the Malay ethnics, the presence of pork when the bride married is Dayak Mentebah ethnic has a serious problem because the Malays in the Mentebah District are identical with Islamic beliefs although it is faced with the fact that the presence of pork is a Dayak Mentebah custom at the procession of Gawa’.
The purpose of this study was to: (1) analyze how the Dayak Mentebah ethnic interpreted the tradition of Gawa’ 'in the Mentebah District of Kapuas Hulu District, (2) analyze how the views of the Malays towards the Gawa’ tradition, (3) analyze how the acculturation between the Dayak Mentebah culture and Malay ethnics culture at the Gawa’ tradition in the Mentebah District of Kapuas Hulu District.
To achieve the aims of the research above, the researcher applied descriptive qualitative with a approach of case study research paradigm. The data sources of this research were taken from the subject of the perpetrators of the Gawa’ tradition, the head of the Office of Religious Affairs, Village Head, Lecturers, Head of Adat, Youth Leaders, and Traditional Leaders. The data collection techniques used were interviews, observation and documentation. Then, the data were analyzed by reducing irrelevant data, describing data and conclusion drawing.
The results if this research showed that, (1) The tradition of Gawa’ in the Dayak Mentebah ethnic community is a request to the spirits of the ancestors to provide welfare, happiness and protection to both as well as a form of respect for Adat. (2) The tradition of Gawa’ in the Malay ethnic community is symbols and direct expectations of Allah (3) The factors causing acculturation were social interaction factors, adaptation factors, change factors, and factors of progressive character acceptance (4) The results of acculturation was Acceplance (domination) in certain contexts.
مصتخلص البحث
الزواج بين قبيلة دياك منتيبه وملايو في منطقة منتيبه يجلب أسلوب فريد من نوعه لتنفيذ تقليد غاوا. تقليد غاوا هو مصطلح يطلق عليه اسم قبيلة دياك منتيبه وملايو في منطقة منتبه للإشارة إلى مصطلح حفل استقبال أو حفل زفاف، حيث يكون أحد العرائس من قبيلة دياك منتبه أو قبيلة ملايو.
قبيلة دياك منتيبة مع سلسلة من المعتقدات التقليدية فيما يتعلق بتقاليد غاوا تلاشت قليلاً عندما تزوجت العروس من قبيلة ملايو. خاصةً اختفاء الألوان الخمسة الرئيسية لقبيلة دياك منتيبة التي لها معانيها الخاصة في حفل غوا وهي الأحمر والأسود والأخضر والأبيض والأصفر. بالنسبة للملايين، فإن وجود لحم الخنزير عندما تتزوج العروس من قبيلة دياك منتيبة يمثل مشكلة كبيرة لأن الملايين في منطقة منتيبة متطابقون مع الإسلام. على الرغم من أن هذا يواجه حقيقة أن وجود لحم الخنزير هو من عادات قبيلة دياك منتبة في وقت حفل غاوا.
يهدف هذا البحث إلى: (1) تحليل كيف فسرت قبيلة دياك منتيبة تقليدًا غاوا في منطقة منتيبه في منطقة كابواس هولو،(2) تحليل كيف نظرت آراء الملايو على تقاليد غاوا، (3) تحليل كيف أن التثاقل بين ثقافة داياك منتيبة و قبيلة الملايو في وقت تقاليد غاوا في منطقة منتيبه في مقاطعة كابواس هولو.
لتحقيق الأهداف السابقة، استخدم الباحث البحث النوعي الوصفي بدراسة حالة. مصادر البيانات التي يمكن الحصول عليها من خلال موضوع تقاليد غاوا، ورئيس مكتب الشؤون الدينية، ورئيس القرية، والمحاضرين، ورئيس العادات، وقادة الشباب، والقادة التقليديين. كانت تقنيات جمع البيانات المستخدمة هي المقابلة والملاحظة والوثائق. تحليل البيانات عن طريق الحد من البيانات غير ذات الصلة، ووصف البيانات واستخلاص النتائج.
نتائج البحث يدل على أنه: (1) تقليد غاوا في مجتمع قبيلة دياك منتيبة هو طلب لروح الأجداد لتوفير الرفاهية والسعادة والحماية لكل من فضلا عن شكل من أشكال احترام العادات. (2) تقليد غاوا في مجتمع الملايو هو الرموز والتوقعات المباشرة لله سبحانه وتعالى (3) العوامل التي تسبب التثاقف هي عامل التفاعل الاجتماعي، وعامل التكيف، وعامل التغيير، وعامل القبول التدريجي للشخصية (4) نتائج التثاقف هو acceplance (الهيمنة) في سياقات معينة
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