4,948 research outputs found
Perkembangan Kepribadian Ali Akbar dalam Cerpen Orang Kalah Karya Dadang Ari Murtono
No full textAkhir-akhir ini psikoanalisis umumnya digunakan untuk mengkaji tokoh-tokoh dalam karya sastra. Cerpen berjudul Orang Kalah dengan tokoh utama Ali Akbar yang merantau ke Kota Surabaya untuk mencari makan kemudian memutuskan menjadi pencopet hingga akhirnya berhenti mencopet dan memilih menjadi pegawai di sebuah warung kopi dengan gaji yang kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perkembangan kepribadian tokoh utama dari mulai sebelum menjadi pencopet, saat menjadi pencopet, dan setelah berhenti pencopet. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan psikologi sastra dengan teori Sigmund Freud khususnya pada aspek id, ego, dan superego. Perkembangan kepribadian Ali Akbar dipengaruhi oleh aspek kepribadian yaitu id, ego, dan superego. Sebelum menjadi pencopet, aspek "id" Ali Akbar begitu hebat sedangkan superegonya lemah. Ketika Ali Akbar menjadi pencopet, superego Ali Akbar lebih besar dari aspek id dan ego, sehingga Ali Akbar memilih untuk menghentikan pencopet. Setelah berhenti menjadi pencopet, Ali Akbar masih memiliki dorongan “id” yang merupakan dorongan untuk bertahan hidup sehingga mewujudkan ego mogok kerja selama dua minggu namun gagal
Figs. 13-14. M. indicum worker. 13 in Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Myrmoteras Forel (Hymenoptera:Formicidae), with Description of Two New Species from India
No full textFigs. 13-14. M. indicum worker. 13. body in profile. 14. body in dorsal view.Published as part of Bharti, Himender & Akbar, Shahid Ali, 2014, Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Myrmoteras Forel (Hymenoptera:Formicidae), with Description of Two New Species from India, pp. 71-80 in J. Entomol. Res. Soc. 16 (2) on page 77, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.357358
Figs. 25-26. M. scabrum worker. 25 in Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Myrmoteras Forel (Hymenoptera:Formicidae), with Description of Two New Species from India
No full textFigs. 25-26. M. scabrum worker. 25. body in profile. 26. body in dorsal view.Published as part of Bharti, Himender & Akbar, Shahid Ali, 2014, Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Myrmoteras Forel (Hymenoptera:Formicidae), with Description of Two New Species from India, pp. 71-80 in J. Entomol. Res. Soc. 16 (2) on page 78, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.357358
Myrmoteras agostii Bharti & Akbar 2014, sp.n.
No full textMyrmoteras agostii sp.n. (Figs. 1 - 3) Type material. Holotype and paratype (worker). INDIA: KERALA: Periyar tiger reserve, Manalar, 9 o 35`N, 77 o 18`E, 1630m a.m.s.l., 24.x.2011, hand picking, Coll. Shahid A. Akbar. Holotype and paratype deposited in PUAC. Measurements (holotype in brackets): TL 4.52-4.62(4.62), HW 1.03-1.05(1.05), HL 0.88-0.90(0.90), CI 116-117(116), ML 1.19-1.20(1.20), MI 133-135(133), SL 1.09-1.12(1.12), SI 105-106(106), EL 0.24-0.27(0.27), HFL 1.25-1.27(1.27), PTL 0.21-0.22(0.22), TWI 14-15(15), WL 1.24-1.27(1.27), EI 23-25(25), GL 1.00-1.01(1.01), PW 0.58-0.60 (0.60) (n=2). Description. Head 0.15 × as broad as long; blunt ridge on temple separates flat anterior from slightly convex posterior face; medial frontal sulcus deeply impressed posteriorly reaching anterior ocellus and anteriorly up to margin of frons; clypeus with anterior margin concave and posteriomedially prominently elevated; mandibles long with 14 teeth consisting of 4 large and 10 small teeth (mandibular teeth count include the preapical and apical denticles); maxillary palp 5- and labial with 3-segmented. Antennal scrobes indistinct; antennae with slender funiculus, each segment about 2x as long as broad. Mesosoma. Pronotum with high convex summit, higher than mesonotum; metanotum groove conspicuously impressed; propodeum highly convex. Legs with middle and hind tibiae slender. Metasoma. Petiole node moderately thick with steep anterior and posterior faces; ventral outline of petiole beneath the node convex. Gaster small and rounded. Sculpture. Head and occiput mostly smooth and shiny; three to four rugae originating posterio-medially of torulus; frons, temples and vertex smooth and shiny; mandibles smooth. Mesonotum dorsally with longitudinal rugae; propodeum with transverse striations. Gaster smooth and shiny. Vestiture. Body pilosity prominent, erect hairs (ca. 0.15mm) distributed evenly throughout its surface; body surface also with short suberect hairs. Apical funicular segments, mandibles and legs with small standing hairs. Colour. Body largely light brown. Legs, antennae, palpi and mandibles yellow; gaster pale yellow. Etymology. The species is named in honor of Donat Agosti for his contributions to the genus Myrmoteras Forel. Differential diagnosis. The new species shares most affinities with M. tonboli Agosti, 1992. The two species can be easily separated from each other by combination of following characters: In M. agostii sp.n., body is light brown coloured, mesonotum without any transverse rugae; propodeum and metanotum dorsally with transverse striations; pilosity prominent throughout the body, and mandibles relatively shorter (ML 1.20, MI 135) whilst M. tonboli, the body dark brown coloured; mesonotum dorsally with transverse rugae; propodeum dorsally smooth and shiny; pilosity reduced, and mandibles relatively longer (ML 1.64, MI 164). The new species is also somewhat close to M. cuneonodum Xu, 1998. The two species can be easily separated from each other by combination of following characters. In M. cuneonodum, head dorsum medially finely rugose, gena with short oblique rugae and petiolar node in lateral view with vertical anterior face and steep posterior slope; ventral outline of petiole beneath the node concave whilst M. agostii sp.n., head dorsum medially smooth, gena smooth and petiole node thick with steep anterior and posterior faces; ventral outline of petiole beneath the node convex.Published as part of Bharti, Himender & Akbar, Shahid Ali, 2014, Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Myrmoteras Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with Description of Two New Species from India, pp. 71-80 in J. Entomol. Res. Soc. 16 (2) on pages 72-73, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.357358
Figs. 12, 21 in Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Myrmoteras Forel (Hymenoptera:Formicidae), with Description of Two New Species from India
No full textFigs. 12, 21. Heads in frontal view, male; 12. M. brachygnathum; 21. M. indicum.Published as part of Bharti, Himender & Akbar, Shahid Ali, 2014, Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Myrmoteras Forel (Hymenoptera:Formicidae), with Description of Two New Species from India, pp. 71-80 in J. Entomol. Res. Soc. 16 (2) on page 78, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.357358
Figs. 9, 18 in Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Myrmoteras Forel (Hymenoptera:Formicidae), with Description of Two New Species from India
No full textFigs. 9, 18. Heads in frontal view, gyne; 9. M. brachygnathum; 18. M. indicum gyne.Published as part of Bharti, Himender & Akbar, Shahid Ali, 2014, Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Myrmoteras Forel (Hymenoptera:Formicidae), with Description of Two New Species from India, pp. 71-80 in J. Entomol. Res. Soc. 16 (2) on page 78, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.357358
Myrmoteras moffetti Bharti & Akbar 2014, sp. n.
No full textMyrmoteras moffetti sp. n. (Figs. 22-24) Type material. Holotype and 2 paratypes (worker): INDIA: KERALA: Periyar tiger reserve, Thanikkudy, 9 o.30`N, 77 o.16`E, 1003m a.m.s.l., 15.x.2011, hand picking method, Coll. Shahid A. Akbar. Holotype and paratype in PUAC, one paratype will be deposited in BMNH. Measurements (Holotype in brackets). TL 4.90-5,03(5.03), HW 1.01-1.04(1.03), HL 0.92-0.94(0.94), CI 109-110(109), ML 1.50-1.52(1.52), MI 161-163(161), SL 1.03-1.05(1.04), SI 100-101(100), PTL 0.16-0.18(0.18), EL 0.27-0.29(0.29), HFL 1.10-1.13(1.13), TWI 18-19(19), WL 1.32-1.35 (1.35), EI 26-28(28), GL 1.00-1.04(1.04), PW 0.65-0.67(0.68) (n=3). Description. Head 0.09× as broad as long; blunt ridge on temple separates flat anterior from slightly convex posterior face; medial frontal sulcus deeply impressed posteriorly reaching anterior ocellus and anteriorly up to margin of frons; clypeus with anterior margin concave and posteriomedially prominently elevated; mandibles long with 14 teeth consisting of 5 large and 9 small teeth (mandibular teeth count include the preapical and apical denticles); maxillary palp with 5- and labial palp 3-segmented. Antennal scrobes indistinct; antennae with slender funiculus, each segment about 2× as long as broad. Mesosoma. Pronotum with summit gently convex, slightly higher than mesonotum; metanotum groove conspicuously impressed; propodeum feebly convex and with summit virtually level with mesothorax. Legs with middle and hind tibiae slender. Metasoma. Petiole node moderately thick with anterior face straight and posterior face less steep and curving gently into summit; summit rounded and moderately wide. Gaster small and rounded. Sculpture. Mandibles smooth. Head and occiput smooth and shiny, with the exception of three to four rugae originating posteriomedially of torulus. Frons, temples and vertex smooth and shiny. Pronotum smooth and shiny; mesonotum, metanotum and propodeum strongly granulo-rugose; gaster smooth and shiny. Vestiture. Body pilosity reduced; moderate, short suberect hairs distributed evenly throughout the body. Head with the longest hair, ca. 0.15mm. Apical funicular segments, mandibles and legs with small standing hairs. Colour. Body uniformly dark brown. Mandibles and antennae yellow with tint of brown; palpi yellow. Legs largely yellow with trochanter brown. Etymology. The species is named in honor of Mark Moffett, for his contributions to the genus Myrmoteras Forel. Differential diagnosis. M. moffetti sp. n. is similar to M. bakeri Wheeler, 1919 in most of the characters but, differs from the later species mainly by following characters: body dark brown; mandibles with 14 teeth with two apical denticles, pronotum smooth and shiny without longitudinal rugae, dorsum of mesothorax granulo-rugose and relatively slender tibiae (TWI 23). The new species also shares some affinities with another Indian species M. indicum. However, the two species are easily separated by combination of characters provided in the key.Published as part of Bharti, Himender & Akbar, Shahid Ali, 2014, Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Myrmoteras Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with Description of Two New Species from India, pp. 71-80 in J. Entomol. Res. Soc. 16 (2) on pages 74-75, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.357358
Ficobracon kashmirensis Maqbool & Akbar & Wachkoo 2018, sp. nov.
No full textFicobracon kashmirensis Maqbool, Akbar & Wachkoo sp. nov. (Figures 1–27) Diagnosis: Antenna with 23–26 antennomeres; first tergite without medial groove, sublateral grooves distinct; second tergite longitudinally rugulose with smooth medio-basal area surrounded by a rugose pair of grooves, sublateral grooves absent; third tergite longitudinally rugose. This species resembles most to F. codonatus, and the two taxa can be readily separated by the absence of the medial groove on the first tergite and densely rugulose second tergite in F. kashmirensis. Material examined: Holotype ♀: India: Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, Kashmir University Botanical Garden, 34.1304°N 74.8369°E, 1,600 m. a.s.l., 10.ix.2016, leg. Amir Maqbool (KUIC); Paratypes: 11 ♀, 20.ix.2016; 1 ♂, 2.x.2016; 3 ♂, 3.x.2016; 5 ♀, 5.x.2016; 3 ♂, 17.x.2016; 3 ♀, 4.xi.2016; 1 ♂, 8.xi.2016; 1 ♀, 6.viii.2017; 16 ♀, 6 ♂, 20.viii.2017; 6 ♀, 30.viii.2017 (same data as holotype) (KUIC; 1♀, 1 ♂ BMNH). 22♀, 17♂, India: Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, Central Institute of Temperate Horticulture, 34.0094°N 74.7984°E, 1,640 m. a.s.l., 11.ix.2016, leg. Shahid Ali Akbar (KUIC; 1♀, 1 ♂ CNC). Description. Female (Figs 1–13): Body length 3.70 mm (3.31–4.12 mm in paratypes), fore wing length 4.07 mm (3.69–4.47 mm in paratypes). Head (Figs 4–6): Antenna with 26 antennomeres (23–26 in paratypes) (Fig. 4); first flagellomere slightly longer than second; length of first, second and penultimate flagellomeres respectively 2.8, 1.8, 1.5 × their width. Height of head slightly less than width across eyes (5: 6) (Fig. 5); clypeal ventral margin thin and slightly upcurved, width 0.32 × width of face (Fig. 5); maxillary palp 4-segmented, segments subequal in length; labial palp 3-segmented, segments subequal in length; POL:OD:OOL=1:1:3 (1.0–1.2: 1.0–1.6: 3.0– 3.8 in paratypes). Mesosoma (Figs 7–8): Mesosoma 1.4 (1.2–1.4 in paratypes) times longer than maximum height (Fig. 8); mesopleuron large and smooth, without much pilosity (Fig. 8); metapleuron smooth and shiny but with long setae, pilosity distinct (Fig. 8); notauli shallow and posteriorly obsolescent (Fig. 7); mesoscutum glabrous and smooth with long setae laterally along notauli (Fig. 7); scutellar sulcus distinctly crenulate, deep, wide and straight (Fig. 7); scutellum smooth; metanotum well developed, broader than long (Fig. 7); propodeum smooth, longer than scutellum, with medio-longitudinal carina on its posterior half (Fig. 7). Wings (Fig. 14): Fore wing: r:3-SR:SR1 = 1:2:6 (1.0–1.1: 2.0–2.5: 5.0– 6.5 in paratypes); 2-SR:3-SR:r-m = 1.8:2.0:1.1 (1.4–2.0: 1.7–2.1: 0.8–1.1 in paratypes); angle between veins 2-SR and 2-M about 70; CU1a straight and long. Hind wing: M+CU:1-M = 1:2 (1.0–1.2: 2.0– 2.2 in paratypes); 2-M longer than 1-M. Legs (Fig. 10): Length of hind femur, tibia and basitarsus 4.5, 7.4 and 5.75 × their width (3.8–4.5, 5.88–7.71 and 3.6–5.78 × in paratypes), respectively; length of coxa, trochanter, femur and tibia in ratio 1.63:1.03:2.86:3.13 (1.60–1.71: 1.0–1.2: 2.68–2.86: 3.10–3.22 in paratypes); hind tarsomere lengths in ratio of 5.67:2.66:1.66:1.0:2.0 (5.45–6.10: 2.42–2.71: 1.64–1.66: 1.0–1.1: 1.98–2.1 in paratypes); tibia longer than femur; fore and middle tarsi slender. Metasoma (Figs 9, 11–13): First tergite largely smooth, rugose apically, without medial groove, sublateral grooves converge anteriorly, length 0.8 × its apical width (Fig. 9); second tergite approximately as long as third tergite, longitudinally rugulose with smooth medio-basal area surrounded by a rugose pair of grooves, sublateral grooves absent (Fig. 11); third tergite longitudinally rugose with smooth apical margin; second and third tergite with transverse grooves (Fig. 11); following tergites medially reticulate, laterally rugulose with smooth apical margin, transverse sub-apical grooves present (Figs. 11–12). Ovipositor sheath 1.16 × as long as metasoma, 0.56 × as long as fore wing and 2.62 × length hind tibia (1.14–1.22, 0.54–0.66, 2.60–3.01 × in paratypes respectively), setose (Fig. 13); hypopygium narrow, apically acute, its tip extending 0.2–0.3 mm beyond the metasomal apex. Male (Figs. 15–27). Antenna 23 segments (Fig. 21); first tergite medially smooth, without a medial groove, sublateral grooves distinct (Fig. 25); second tergite longitudinally rugulose with smooth medio-basal area surrounded by a pair of rugose grooves; third to sixth tergites brownish with less coarse sculpture, apical margins smooth (Fig. 26). Colour (Figs. 1–3, 15–17). Body light to dark yellowish brown; antenna, ventral part of mesopleuron, scutellar sulcus, propodeum, hind tibia, tarsal claws, first tergite, most of third tergite, ovipositor sheath, and pterostigma black to dark brown; groove of pronotum, propleuron, side of scutellum, largely dark brown to yellowish; second tergite medially dark brown, sometimes largely yellow; wings subhyaline. Distribution. Jammu and Kashmir, Srinagar, India. Biology. Both the fig species (Ficus carica and Ficus palmata) in Jammu and Kashmir are frequently visited by Ficobracon kashmirensis (Figs 28–31). The female wasp bores through the fig wall with its ovipositor and lays a single egg inside the unripe fig which hatches in around 22 hrs. Larvae show phytophagous behavior feeding on immature ovaries and form a cocoon to pupate after 11–13 days (Figs 32–33). Adults emerge from cocoons in about 5–6 days and chew out a tunnel through the fig wall (Fig. 34). Emergence starts in the month of July and continues till November. Different females may oviposit on the same fig and multiple cocoons are formed inside a single fig. Others usually follow the same initial tunnel but occasionally other tunnels are also bored. Sexual dimorphism is obvious with females larger (3.31–4.12 mm) than males (2.70–3.19). Etymology. Species epithet is in reference to the type locality.Published as part of Maqbool, Amir, Akbar, Shahid Ali & Wachkoo, Aijaz Ahmad, 2018, First record of the genus Ficobracon (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from India, with description of new species, pp. 421-428 in Zootaxa 4379 (3) on pages 422-424, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4379.3.5, http://zenodo.org/record/117447
Myrmoteras scabrum Moffett 1985
No full textMyrmoteras scabrum Moffett, 1985 (Figs. 25 - 27) Diagnosis: M. scabrum is a very distinct species belonging to subgenus Myrmoteras s.str. M. scabrum is easily identified with its conspicuously sculptured head and mesosoma. M scabrum can be distinguished from closely related M. ceylonicum Gregg, 1957 by its larger size; stronger granulo-rugose sculpture; conspicuous mandible bend; convex pronotum; node of petiole wider than tall and much darker colouration. See Moffett (1985; Pages. 30-31, Figs. 21, 24, Map 1).Published as part of Bharti, Himender & Akbar, Shahid Ali, 2014, Taxonomic Studies on the Genus Myrmoteras Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), with Description of Two New Species from India, pp. 71-80 in J. Entomol. Res. Soc. 16 (2) on page 75, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.357358
Investigation on performance of an asphalt solar collector: {CFD} analysis, experimental validation and neural network modeling
No full textThis paper presents a numerical model, development, and experimental validation of an Asphalt Solar Collector (ASC) which subsequently is modeled by Artificial Neural Network (ANN). In this research, 2 m long galvanized pipes are connected in parallel and embedded into an asphalt slab with 1 m(2) area. The slab is buried in the ground to have thermal heat transfer with adjacent soil and to resemble real conditions. Several experiments are carried out in both warm and cold months of the year with different water flow rates from 9:00 to 17:00. The ASC is modeled with CFD techniques and the desired parameters effect are independently studied based on a reference condition. An ANN model is proposed to expand the parametric study and reduce the high computational cost of numerical modeling. The inputs of the ANN include the design and the operating parameters and the outlet water temperature is considered as the output. These models are capable of evaluating the performance of the ASC at every hour during the day and under different boundary conditions. The parametric study shows that improvement of surface absorptivity and thermal conductivity of asphalt leads to a higher increase of the daily efficiency in August, however, the inlet water temperature has the same effect in November. The maximum water temperature difference and the thermal efficiency of the ASC can reach up to 24 degrees C and 45% in August and 14 degrees C and 35% in November respectively
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