769 research outputs found
Data for: Why do phylogenomic analyses of early animal evolution continue to disagree? Sites in different structural environments yield different answers
No full text<p>Supporting data for "Why do phylogenomic analyses of early animal evolution continue to disagree? Sites in different structural environments yield different answers" submitted by A Pandey and EL Braun. File is a gzipped tarball including protein multiple sequence alignments, phylogenetic trees, and other supporting data; see included README for details.</p>
Directive speech acts in the New Testament
No full textDanuta Pytel-Pandey, WrocławThis article discusses the directive speech acts in the New Testament. The
author presents examples of such acts from the New Testament Scriptures, and
then carries out their pragmalinguistic [email protected]
Protein evolution is structure dependent and non-homogeneous across the tree of life
No full textData and supplementary information for Pandey and Braun, "Protein evolution is structure dependent and non-homogeneous across the tree of life." Abstract of manuscript:
Protein sequence evolution is a complex process that varies across the tree of life and among-sites within proteins. Comparing evolutionary rate matrices for specific taxa (‘clade-specific models’) can reveal this variation and provide information about the basis for changes in the patterns of protein evolution over time. However, clade-specific models can only provide this information if the variation among taxa exceeds the variation among proteins. We showed this to be the case by demonstrating that clade-specific model fit could distinguish among proteins from the four taxa that we examined (vertebrates, plants, oomycetes, and yeasts). Model fit classified proteins correctly by clade of origin >70% of the time. A relatively small number of dimensions can explain differences among models. If model parameters are averaged across all sites ~80% of the variance among models reflects clade; for models that consider protein structure ~50% of the variance reflected relative solvent accessibility and ~25% reflected clade. Relaxed purifying selection in taxa with smaller long-term effective population sizes appears to explain much of the among clade variance. Relaxed selection on solvent-exposed sites was correlated with the degree of change in amino acid side-chain volume for substitutions; other differences among models were more complex. Beyond the information they reveal about protein evolution, our clade-specific models also represent tools for phylogenomic inference. Availability: model files are available from https://github.com/ebraun68/clade_specific_prot_models
Similarities between 2D and 3D convection for large Prandtl number
No full textUsing direct numerical simulations of Rayleigh-B\'enard convection (RBC), we perform a comparative study of the spectra and fluxes of energy and entropy for large and infinite Prandtl numbers in two (2D) and three (3D) dimensions. We observe close similarities between the 2D and 3D RBC, in particular the kinetic energy spectrum , and the entropy spectrum exhibits a dual branch with a dominant spectrum. We showed that the dominant Fourier modes in the 2D and 3D flows are very close
Evaluation and analysis of impact of subsidies on small scale renewable energy technologies dissemination: a case study of Nepal
No full textThe report has analysed the status of rural electrification using renewable energy technologies (RETs) and the current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in Nepal. As the Government of Nepal is subsidizing small scale renewable energy projects, it is important to evaluate and analyse the programme to make sure that a programme is running in an effective and efficient way while reaching the target group.
During the course of the research, primary information collected from the field has been compiled using appropriate tools/software (such as MS Office) and analyzed. Different sets of questionnaires were prepared, targeting different personnel ranging from the users’ level to the government policy level. The field survey methods include field observations of RETs installations and operations along with interviews with selected users on a random sampling basis to identify barriers to subsidy delivery and possible measures to overcome these barriers; to determine user satisfaction level and time period for subsidy delivery mechanisms.
The report started with the country background information and the rationale behind the study. This is followed by the literature review and information on the current status of small scale RETs in the country. Next it deals with the organizational structure and current subsidy delivery modality of RETs in the country. The evaluation of the effectiveness of the subsidy with the current subsidy delivery modality has been analyzed based on six parameters; Targets and Achievements, Impact of RETs, Subsidy Delivery System Efficiency, Transparency, Sustainability and Effectiveness.
The research shows that the subsidized government program has been successful in achieving its goal to provide basic energy services in rural areas through RETs in terms of its quantitative target. Although the subsidized program is successful in electrifying the rural communities via RETs, the poorest of the poor families are still excluded from the subsidy. The program seems to benefit more the rich and upper middle class families rather than the poor families for which the subsidy was intended. The high capital cost and long subsidy delivery process are the main important reasons for this failure. The author has proposed a new modality which might overcome the time barriers and bureaucratic process in the subsidy delivery mechanism and will decrease the lead time. This will in turn help to reduce the operational cost of the private companies and will encourage more players to enter the market, increase competition and result in lower system costs.
After identifying gaps in the current subsidy delivery modality, the project report ends with the recommendation of a new modality improving the current modality and filling the gaps identified. As this study has some limitations, as described in chapter one, the scope of further works has been listed at the end
Enhanced Mechanical Stability Of Interlayer Dielectrics With Self-organized Molecular Pores
No full textIn order to reduce resistance-capacitance delays in interconnect structures, ultralow-k films are used as interlayer dielectric materials. In most cases the preferred method to achieve the lower dielectric constant is the use of porous carbon doped silicon oxide (p-SiCOH) dielectrics. A downside of porosity in a dielectric layer during device fabrication is that it reduces the mechanical reliability of the dielectric and increases the susceptibility to adsorption of damaging materials. To overcome this and produce a material which can sustain the rigorous processes of fabrication, it is necessary to optimize the mechanical, thermal and chemical properties along with the electrical properties of the dielectric.Processes like CMP that involve high stresses during device fabrication can cause dielectric cracking and delamination. In order to survive these processes dielectric should have sufficient mechanical strength. Apart from this, exposure to high temperature and oxidative plasma during device fabrication can damage and cause failure of the dielectric layer. As per research conducted in our group previously, oxidative plasma environment can make the film hydrophilic and consequently assist in moisture uptake within the film. This increases the dielectric constant of the film substantially and, in essence, nullifies the effort that was put to reduce the dielectric constant in the first place. Also, treatments like annealing or plasma etching can break the long range crosslinking in the material, making it more susceptible towards viscoplastic deformation.In order to achieve the required optimization between the electrical, mechanical, thermal and chemical properties it is necessary to focus on various ways of reducing the dielectric constant and not just the end result of achieving the lower dielectric constant. During the course of this thesis, it has been explained how subtle changes in the fabrication method can cause dramatic changes in the properties of the final product.It has been shown in this thesis that the pores introduced through structural arrangement of atoms can provide much better mechanical and chemical reliability during the fabrication process as compared to the pores introduced through removal of large segments of material from the sample. Electrical properties of the material are measured using ellipsometer and changes in properties with processes like annealing and plasma exposure are discussed in detail. Mechanical properties of the material are measured using nano-indentation and ball indentation tests. To study the molecular structure and changes in molecular structure with processes like annealing, FTIR and XPS techniques are used. An alternative curing method for traditional subtractive films has also been proposed to enhance the material’s resistance to viscoplastic deformation
A small scale monitoring study for a range of pharmaceuticals in the River Foss catchment and comparison to concentrations in the River Nag, India: report of researcher exchange March 2018
No full textThe India-UK Water Centre (IUKWC) promotes cooperation and collaboration between the complementary priorities of NERC-MoES water security research.
This report represents an overview of the activities and conclusions of a Junior Researcher Exchange undertaken at the University of York from 7th March 2018 - 27th March 2018 convened by Akanksha Singh Kachhawaha (CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, India) and Dr Alistair B.A. Boxall (University of York, UK). It outlines the aims of the
exchange, describes the programme and the activities developed to meet the objectives, and details the outputs generated, as well as the ongoing and future collaboration. Finally, it assesses the support received from the IUKWC through the Researcher Exchange Scheme. The present report is intended for India-UK Water Centre members and water security stakeholders
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