1,562 research outputs found
OO-Correspondence as Cumulativity
No full textBoth Sympathy constraints and OO-correspondence constraints are types of correspondence constraints, and both can induce opaque phenomena. Yet, Sympathetic constraint interaction is mediated by a special type of correspondence constraints (cumulativity constraints), while OO-correspondence is mediated by ordinary correspondence constraints. This paper argues that cumulative constraints can also be used in OO-correspondence. It is also argued that this is desirable for two reasons: (i) It unifies these two kinds of non-IO-correspondence. (ii) Certain types of OO-correspondence induced opacity that are possible with ordinary correspondence constraints, are excluded if cumulative constraints are used. Cumulative OO-correspondence constraints therefore result in a more restrictive theory.The definitive version of this paper was published in Carpenter, A., Coetzee, A., and de Lacy, P. (Eds.). University of Massachusetts Occasional Papers 26, Papers in Optimality Theory II (2003), pp. 27-57
Reconstruction, Peacebuilding and Elections in Post-war Sierra Leone: A Critical Note
No full textThis article interrogates reconstruction, peacebuilding and elections in postwar Sierra Leone. It observes that while significant progress has been made, Sierra Leone’s long-term stability remains questionable due to a number of issues, including poor socioeconomic growth, the increasing political exclusion of women, corruption in government, and the growing regionalisation of political power
Coq Implementation of OO Verification Framework VeriJ
No full textWe implement an OO specification and verification framework VeriJ in the proof assistant Coq. This framework covers the main OO features like encapsulation, inheritance and polymorphism. It can modularly specify and verify programs, while only one specification per method is necessary. In this paper, we introduce the framework VeriJ, our tool in Coq, and an example to illustrate how to specify/verify the program in a modular and abstract way.EICPCI-S(ISTP)[email protected]; [email protected]
Does OO sync with the way we think?
No full textGiven that corrective-maintenance costs already dominate the software life cycle and look set to increase significantly, reliability in the form of reducing such costs should be the most important software improvement goal. Yet the results are not promising when we review recent corrective-maintenance data for big systems in general and for OO in particular-possibly because of mismatches between the OO paradigm and how we think
Dynamic compression counteracts IL-1B inducible nitric synthase and cyclo-oxygenese-2 expression in chondrocyte/agarose constructs
No full textBackground: Nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2play pivotal roles in both the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and catabolic processes in articular cartilage. These mediators are influenced by both IL-1? and mechanical loading, and involve alterations in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 enzymes. To identify the specific interactions that are activated by both types of stimuli, we examined the effects of dynamic compression on levels of expression of iNOS and COX-2 and involvement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.Methods: Chondrocyte/agarose constructs were cultured under free-swelling conditions with or without IL-1? and/or SB203580 (inhibitor of p38 MAPK) for up to 48 hours. Using a fully characterized bioreactor system, constructs were subjected to dynamic compression for 6, 12 and 48 hours under similar treatments. The activation or inhibition of p38 MAPK by IL-1? and/or SB203580 was analyzed by western blotting. iNOS, COX-2, aggrecan and collagen type II signals were assessed utilizing real-time quantitative PCR coupled with molecular beacons. Release of nitrite and PGE2 was quantified using biochemical assays. Two-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t-test were used to examine data.Results: IL-1? activated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and this effect was abolished by SB203580. IL-1? induced a transient increase in iNOS expression and stimulated the production of nitrite release. Stimulation by either dynamic compression or SB203580 in isolation reduced the IL-1? induced iNOS expression and nitrite production. However, co-stimulation with both dynamic compression and SB203580 inhibited the expression levels of iNOS and production of nitrite induced by the cytokine. IL-1? induced a transient increase in COX-2 expression and stimulated the cumulative production of PGE2 release. These effects were inhibited by dynamic compression or SB203580. Co-stimulation with both dynamic compression and SB203580 restored cytokine-induced inhibition of aggrecan expression. This is in contrast to collagen type II, in which we observed no response with the cytokine and/or SB203580.Conclusion: These data suggest that dynamic compression directly influences the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2. These molecules are current targets for pharmacological intervention, raising the possibility for integrated pharmacological and biophysical therapies for the treatment of cartilage joint disorders
ROVIBRONIC BANDS OF THE TRANSITION OF CHOO and CDOO DETECTED WITH CAVITY RINGDOWN NEAR 1.2 M
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry and Institute of Molecular Science, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan and Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, TaiwanWe have recorded several rovibronic bands of the transition of CHOO and CDOO near 1.2 m with the cavity ringdown technique. The light source was a Raman-shifted beam from a dye laser pumped with a frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. The band shows partially resolved rovibronic lines which, when coupled with rotational parameters of the lower state determined recently by Endo and coworkers, can be fitted to yield spectral parameters of the upper states: = 8269.6 0.5 cm, A = 1.526 cm, B = 0.388 cm, and C = 0.323 cm for CHOO, and = 8195.5 0.5 cm, A = 1.169 cm, B = 0.329 cm, and C = 0.28 cm for CDOO. The vibrational spacing of 886.8 cm for the mode of CHOO is more precise than a previous report of 896 9 cm using conventional absorption spectroscopy; this mode is associated with the CO stretching mode rather than the OO stretching mode assigned previously. Two additional vibronic bands of CDOO were also detected for the first time; tentatively identified vibrational wave numbers of the state of CDOO are 953 ( and 970 ( cm, consistent with quantum-chemical calculations. Hot bands associated with excitation of the torsional mode were also observed
Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Myanmar: The Role of the State
No full textThe prevention of Conflict-related Sexual Violence (CRSV) often relies on states to lead prevention and response mechanisms at the domestic level. However, state actors, such as the military, are frequently responsible for this violence. Can states play an effective role in preventing and responding to CRSV?
Conflict-Related Sexual Violence in Myanmar: The Role of the State provides a deeper understanding of the state's role as a prevention actor and explains why strategies aimed at preventing CRSV often fail and can sometimes even result in more harm.
Myanmar is a politically complex state that has experienced several decades of armed conflict, persistent military regimes, and a high prevalence of CRSV incidents committed by the state armed forces, the Tatmadaw. The book offers unique insights into CRSV prevention efforts in Myanmar, tracing the implementation process of the Joint Communiqué (JC), an agreement signed between the Myanmar government and the United Nations to effectively prevent and respond to CRSV.
This book is based on a comprehensive qualitative analysis of internal and public documents, and interviews with multiple stakeholders over a two-year period. It reveals how the gendered power structure and formal and informal practices of Myanmar’s state institutions constantly impeded the implementation process of the JC and offered a very limited political opportunity structure for local women’s CSOs to be involved in the JC implementation. A significant portion of the data in this book was collected in 2021 following the military coup in Myanmar. The author describes her experiences as a local researcher in solidarity with the local research participants experiencing the brutality of the military crackdown and conducting data collection in a particularly challenging context.No Full Tex
UV SPECTRUM AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE SIMPLEST CRIEGEE INTERMEDIATE CHOO
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemsitry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6323In the troposphere, ozonolysis of ethene as well as other terminal alkenes, such as isoprene, results in formation of the simplest Criegee intermediate, CHOO, which gives rise to many products of atmospheric significance. In the laboratory, CHOO is prepared in a quartz capillary tube reactor using a new synthetic route, 204 (2012).} based on 248 nm photolysis of CHI and subsequent reaction with O. The CHOO and other products undergo supersonic expansion, and are detected using fixed frequency VUV ionization (118 nm) with mass (m/z=46) and isomer selectivity. Spectroscopic studies of CHOO are carried out by UV laser excitation on the B A-X A transition prior to photoionization, which results in significant depletion of the ion signal (approaching 100\%) near the peak of a broad absorption profile centered at 335 nm., 20045 (2012).} The large depletion and broad absorption are indicative of rapid dissociation, consistent with the repulsive B A state potential in the O-O coordinate that has been computed theoretically. The experimental spectrum is in very good agreement with the absorption spectrum calculated using the one-dimensional reflection principle. The atmospheric lifetime of CHOO due to solar photolysis at midday is estimated to be 1 s. These findings provide a UV spectral signature of the strong - transition associated with the four electrons on the carbonyl oxide group in CHOO. Extensions of this work to methyl substituted Criegee intermediates reveal similar absorption features arising from the COO -system
Interfacial Failure Characterization of Electronic Packaging Component Using a Multiscale Modelling Approach
No full textInterfacial properties of Cu/SiO2 in semiconductor devices has been a challenging study for many years because of its difficulties in experimentally quantifying the critical strength of interface. In this paper, a multi-scale modeling approach is built to characterize the interfacial properties between Cu and SiO2. The Cu and SiO2 are bonded by three types of chemical bonds, which cause three atomistic interfacial structures. The fracture of Cu-O and Cu-Si bonded interfaces occur at the interface, however, the fracture for Cu-OO interface occurs at copper layer near the interface, indicating two different fracture criterions coexist in Cu/SiO2 system.Accepted author manuscriptElectronic Components, Technology and Material
Outcome Orientated Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (OO-CAMHS): A whole service model
No full textThe international evidence base on factors that most influence outcomes in mental health care finds that matching therapeutic intervention to diagnosis has a clinically insignificant impact on outcomes. Decades of outcome research into treatment of psychiatric disorders shows that, despite the development of many new techniques, the outcomes being achieved in studies 30 years ago are similar to those being achieved now. In the last few years, new service models that incorporate systems of feedback on progress and alliance have emerged and show promise with regards improving overall outcomes for mental health service users. Growing familiarity with this outcome literature, together with a desire to be part of a service that can continue to improve patient outcomes, led a small community Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services team to develop a new whole service model - Outcome Orientated Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (OO-CAMHS). OO-CAMHS incorporates key aspects of the evidence base on what could make a differential positive impact on outcomes and relinquishes those aspects that do not. In this paper, we outline the evidence base on which OO-CAMHS is built, describe the key features of the approach and present some of the early findings on its impact. © The Author(s) 2012.</p
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