479 research outputs found
Multiplicity dependence of strangeness and hadronic resonance production in pp and p-Pb collisions with ALICE at the LHC
No full textOne of the key results of the LHC Run 1 was the observation of an enhanced production of strange particles in high multiplicity pp and p–Pb collisions at sNN=7 and 5.02 TeV, respectively. The strangeness enhancement is investigated by measuring the evolution with multiplicity of single-strange and multi-strange baryon production relative to non-strange particles. A smooth increase of strange particle yields relative to the non-strange ones with event multiplicity has been observed in such systems. We report the latest results on multiplicity dependence of strange and multi-strange hadron production in pp collisions at s=13TeV with ALICE. We also presented recent measurements of mesonic and baryonic resonances in small collision systems like pp and p–Pb at sNN=13 and 8.16 TeV, respectively. The multiplicity dependent studies in pp and p-Pb collisions have been used to investigate how the hadronic scattering processes affect measured resonance yields and to better understand the interplay between canonical suppression and strangeness enhancement. The measurement of the ϕ (1020) meson as a function of multiplicity provides crucial constraints in this context.One of the key results of the LHC Run 1 was the observation of an enhanced production of strange particles in high multiplicity pp and p--Pb collisions at = 7 and 5.02 TeV, respectively. The strangeness enhancement is investigated by measuring the evolution with multiplicity of single-strange and multi-strange baryon production relative to non-strange particles. A smooth increase of strange particle yields relative to the non-strange ones with event multiplicity has been observed in such systems. We report the latest results on multiplicity dependence of strange and multi-strange hadron production in pp collisions at 13 TeV with ALICE. We also presented recent measurements of mesonic and baryonic resonances in small collision systems like pp and p--Pb at = 13 and 8.16 TeV, respectively. The system size dependent studies in pp and p-Pb collisions have been used to investigate how the hadronic scattering processes affect measured resonance yields and to better understand the interplay between canonical suppression and strangeness enhancement. The measurement of the meson as a function of multiplicity provides crucial constraints in this context
System size dependence of hadronic resonances production in pp, p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions in ALICE at the LHC
No full textWe present a systematic study of hadronic resonance production in pp, p–Pb and Pb-Pb collisions at= 5.02 TeV. The〈pT〉of , and is the same in mid-central and central Pb–Pb collisions, as expected from hydrodynamical models. The ratio is suppressed in central collisions, consistent with the re-scattering of its decay daughters during the hadronic phase, while the ratio is not suppressed due to the longer lifetime of -meson
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Oral Hygiene Interventions for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections and the Impact of Healthcare-Associated Infections on Patients Hospitalized With Oropharyngeal Cancers of Lip, Mouth, and Pharynx.
No full textThesis Project 1 - Oral Hygiene Interventions for the Prevention of Healthcare-Associated Infections
Paper 1- Abstract (Enhanced oral hygiene interventions as a risk mitigation strategy for the prevention of non-ventilator associated pneumonia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and non-randomized trials. )
Background: Health care-acquired pneumonia is a significant risk for nursing home and hospital patients. While oral care interventions (OCI) have been found to be effective in reducing the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), their utility in mitigating non-ventilator-associated pneumonia (NVAP) remains unknown. We performed a structured meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized clinical trials of enhanced oral hygiene procedures on NVAP.
Methods: We searched PubMed and Embase to include clinical trials (randomized and non-randomized), and observational (retrospective and prospective), and quasi-experimental studies examining the effect of any method of OCI on the incidence of NVAP.
Results: After quality assessment and consensus agreement between authors we synthesized 6 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (3891 patients), two non-randomized trials (2993 patients); and separately assessed a retrospective trial (143 patients) and a quasi-experimental study (83 patients). Most studies, performed in nursing homes, did not show a significant association between OCI and NVAP prevention (RR random 0.89, 95% CI 0.64-1.25, p-value 0.50). Likewise, the non-randomized trials failed to show an association between NVAP risk and OCI (RR random 1.42, 95% CI, 0.70-2.88, p-value 0.32). However, in the subgroup analysis comparing dental professional involvement in care vs usual care, reduced NVAP risk was demonstrated (RR random 0.65,95% CI 0.43-0.98, p-value 0.03).
Conclusions: Study results suggest that professional dental care may have some benefit among NVAP patients. The lack of consistent OCI protocols, data in hospitalized patients and robust RCTs do not allow definitive conclusions about the contribution of OCI in mitigating NVAP risk.
Paper 2- Abstract (Network meta-analysis to assess the comparative effectiveness of oral care interventions in preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in critically ill patients)
Background: In this research, we assessed the efficacy of a novel analytic network metanalysis (NMA) in creating a hierarchy to define the most effective oral care intervention (OCI) for the prevention and management of ventilation-associated pneumonia (VAP).
Methods: We applied NMA to a previously published robust pairwise meta-analysis (PMA). Statistical analyses were based on comparing rates of total VAP events between intervention groups and placebo-usual care groups. We synthesized a netgraph, reported ranking order of the treatment, and summarized our output by a forest plot with a reference treatment placebo/usual care.
Results: With our inclusion and exclusion criteria for the NMA, we extracted 25 studies (4473 subjects). The NMA included 16 treatments, 29 pairwise comparisons, and 15 designs. Based on the results of multiple comparisons with frequentist ranking probability P scores, tooth brushing (P score fixed of 0.94, P score random of 0.89), toothbrushing with povidone-iodine (P score fixed of 0.91, P score random 0.88), and furacillin (P score set of 0.88, P score random 0.84) were the best three interventions for preventing VAP.
Conclusion: NMA appeared to be an effective platform from which multiple interventions reported in disparate clinical trials could be compared to derive a hierarchical assessment of efficacy in the intervention of VAP. According to the NMA outcome, toothbrushing alone or toothbrushing along with a potent antiseptic mouthwash povidone-iodine was related to the highest response rate in preventing VAP in critically ill patients, followed by furacillin and chlorhexidine 0.2%, respectively.
Thesis Project 2 - The Impact of Healthcare-Associated Infections on Patients Hospitalized With Oropharyngeal Cancers of Lip, Mouth, and Pharynx.
Background: Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) increases the burden of illness by the increased length of stay, cost of hospital expenses, and risk of mortality. Oropharyngeal cancer patients are at increased risk of HAIs due to multiple therapeutic interventions and due to the presence of an enormous number of microorganisms in the oro-pharyngeal areas responsible for HAIs. We tried to assess the 2017 trend in differences in outcome among patients with a primary diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx (MLOP) with and without HAI.
Methods: Using the United States (U.S.), the National inpatient sample (NIS) database of 2017, we identified all hospitalization with a primary diagnosis of malignant neoplasms of lip, oral cavity, and pharynx and identified the HAIs among them. We assessed the difference in the cost, length of stay (LOS), and in-hospital mortality among MLOP cancer patients with and without HAI. Association between outcomes (in-hospital mortality, LOS, and hospital charges) and independent variables examined using survey specific multivariable regression analyses.
Result: Among 7,159, 694 (weighted numbers - 20% of the total patients admitted in the U.S. hospitals in the year 2017), 54,934 (unweighted numbers in the U.S.) discharged with a primary diagnosis of the MLOP. Among those 54,934 MLOP patients, 555 (unweighted numbers in the U.S.) patients acquired a minimum of one HAI during their in-hospital stay. The most common HAI was Clostridium difficile infection (36%), followed by central line-associated bloodstream infection (32%), ventilator-associated pneumonia (17%), and catheter-associated urinary tract infection (15%). MLOP patients with HAI had LOS of 6.63 days longer than the non-HAI MLOP patients, confidence intervals (C.I.s), 3.62-9.64, p < 0.0001. MLOP patient with HAI had hospitalization charges of 49,383 USD higher than the non-HAI MLOP patients, CIs 20144 USD- 78622 USD, p < 0.0001. Mortality was not significantly different among HAI and non-HAI MLOP patients, Odds ratio (OR) 0.63, C.I.s, 0.22- 1.81, a p-value of 0.4.
Conclusion : MLOP patients who acquired HAI were associated with a considerable increase in the length of stay and total charges during their in-hospital stay.Master’s Program in Clinical Investigatio
A STUDY OF MOTOR FITNESS COMPONENTS OF RUNNERS AND SWIMMERS OF HIMACHAL PARDESH STATE
No full textThe purpose of this study was to compare the Motor fitness of Runners and Swimmers of Hamirpur District of Himachal Pardesh State. The research was a descriptive comparative method. A total of 50 samples, in which 25 Runners and 25 Swimmers of age group of 18-25 years were selected purposively from the Hamirpur District Level competitions of Swimming and Running. Agility and Speed are the criterion measures adopted in this study. The shuttle run and 50 yard dash are used as data collection tools. Independent Sample ‘t’ test was used for data analysis. The significance was kept at 0.05 for testing the hypothesis. The study revealed that no significant difference was found in the Motor Fitness Component Agility between Runners and Swimmers. But in the Speed Component significant differences between Runners and Swimmers were found. In the study the researcher finally concluded that the Runners were more fit as compare to Swimmers. This clearly shows that Running athletes are more fit as compare to swimming athletes
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