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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Sexual and reproductive health of women living with HIV in Finland
Full text linkIntroduction: Modern HIV therapy has dramatically changed the life expectancy of HIV-positive people. For the past 20 years, annual cervical screening with Papanicolaou (PAP) smears has been recommended for all women living with HIV (WLWH) due to the excess risk of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) and invasive cervical cancer. Increasing life expectancy and good physical health has led to an increasing number of WLWH desiring children.
Subjects and methods: Study I comprised 560 WLWH from Helsinki University Hospital and major Danish HIV clinics. These women were given a questionnaire on sexuality, fertility, and their perception on the mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) risk of HIV.
Study II comprised 369 WLWH attending HIV care at Helsinki University Hospital during 2002–2013 and included in total 2033 PAP smears. We analysed the temporal changes in PAP-smear findings and risk factors for SIL.
In Studies III and IV, we combined the National Infectious Diseases Register, the Medical Birth Register, and the Finnish Maternity Cohort register to identify all WLWH who had delivered at least one child and all children born in these deliveries. Studies III and IV comprised 212 women with 290 deliveries after their HIV diagnosis. We analysed factors associated with maternal HIV diagnosis only during the pregnancy, the mode of delivery, and national MTCT rate.
Results: In all studies, women were in good physical health with good HIV treatment results. In Study I, most WLWH lived in a sero-discordant steady relationship and had one or more children; 4% were pregnant and 25% desired pregnancy. One-quarter had tried to conceive without success. Of all women, 15% overestimated the MTCT risk.
In Study II, PAP-smear findings improved significantly with time. At each individual’s last PAP-smear, 90% of the findings were normal. In multivariate analysis, consecutive normal PAP-smear findings reduced the risk of any SIL, and it was also reduced with CD4>500 cells/μL as compared to CD4<200 cells/μL.
In Study III, 46% of WLWH were diagnosed only during the pregnancy. Factors independently associated with missed diagnosis before the pregnancy were age >30 years, living outside of the Helsinki metropolitan area, and Eastern European origin. The proportion of immigrants increased from 18% before 1999 to 75% during 2011–2013; they were diagnosed and treated equally to native Finns. In Study IV, 75% delivered vaginally. For most CSs (64%), the indication was obstetric.
No MTCT occurred if the mother was diagnosed before the delivery.
Conclusions: Most WLWH in Finland have excellent treatment results and have a strong desire for children. These treatment results, together with a systematic cervical screening, have led to mostly normal PAP-smear findings and low risk of SIL and cervical carcer. By combining PAP-smear- and HIV-related data, it is possible to identify low risk women and screen them less rigorously.
WLWH with good HIV treatment results can safely deliver vaginally.
We showed that national elimination of MTCT is feasible in a high-income, low-prevalence country. The cornerstone is to enable all women (and men) of fertile age to know their HIV status and to treat all of them equally, regardless of CD4 count or immigration status.Ennen nykyaikaista yhdistelmälääkitystä HIV-positiivisilla naisilla oli suuri riski sairastua kohdunkaulan pahanlaatuisiin esiasteisiin ja syöpään. Ennen tehokkaiden hiv-lääkkeiden aikakautta noin kolmannes HIV-positiivisten naisten lapsista sai tartunnan raskauden tai synnytyksen aikana. Nykyaikaisen lääkityksen myötä HIV-positiivisten elinajanodote on normaalistunut ja tartuntariski kumppaniin ja lapsiin pienentynyt merkittävästi.
560 suomalaista ja tanskalaista HIV-positiivista naista vastasi kyselytutkimukseen. Valtaosan terveydentila oli hyvä ja HIV-hoitotulos erinomainen. Valtaosa eli vakituisessa parisuhteessa HIV-negatiivisen henkilön kanssa ja heillä oli lapsia. Neljännes oli yrittänyt tulla raskaaksi onnistumatta.
Selvitimme takautuvasti HYKS:n infektioklinikassa seurannassa olleiden 369 naisen PAPA-näytteet 2002–2013. Naiset osallistuivat seulontaan hyvin ja normaaleiden PAPA-löydösten osuus kasvoi merkittävästi seurannan aikana ja 90% kunkin tutkittavan viimeisistä näytteistä oli normaali. Kaksi peräkkäistä normaalia näytettä ja hyvä HIV-hoitotulos vähensivät riskiä saada seurannassa poikkeava PAPA-löydös.
Yhdistämällä Tartuntatautirekisteri, Syntyneiden lasten rekisteri ja Alkuraskauden seulontarekisteri identifioimme kaikki 212 naista, jotka synnyttivät Suomessa HIV-diagnoosin jälkeen 1983–2013 ja heidän 290 lastansa. HIV diagnosoitiin vasta raskauden aikana 46 %:lla. Tämä myöhästynyt diagnoosi liittyi äidin yli 30 vuoden ikään, asumiseen pääkaupunkiseudun ulkopuolella ja itäeurooppalaiseen syntyperään. Maahanmuuttajien osuus synnyttäjistä kasvoi erittäin merkittävästi tutkimuksen aikana. Heidän hoitotuloksensa olivat yhtä hyviä kuin suomalaissyntyisten naisten.
Päinvastoin kuin valtaosassa muita länsimaita, vain neljännes synnytyksistä oli keisarinleikkauksia. Valtaosa niistä tehtiin synnytysopillisista syistä.
Jos äidin HIV-tartunta oli tiedossa ennen synnytystä, ei yksikään lapsista saanut HIV-tartuntaa.
Tutkimuksemme osoittivat, että valtaosalla HIV-positiivisista naisista Suomessa HIV-hoitotulos on hyvä. Nämä hyvät hoitotulokset yhdessä systemaattisen PAPA-seulonnan kanssa ovat johtaneet pääosin normaaleihin PAPA-löydöksiin ja matalaan kohdunkaulan syövän riskiin, joten aikaisempaa vuosittaista PAPA-seulontaa on mahdollista harventaa.
Osoitimme, että on mahdollista ehkäistä HIV:n äiti-lapsi-tartunnat matalan esiintyvyyden maassa. Alatiesynnytys on turvallista, jos HIV-hoitotulos on hyvä. Kaikkien naisten (ja myös miesten) tulisi tietää oma HIV-statuksensa ja kaikki HIV-positiiviset tulisi hoitaa yhtäläisesti.ei saavutettav
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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