1,720,957 research outputs found
Engineering of diseased human skin equivalent using 3D cell printing for representing pathophysiological hallmarks of type 2 diabetes in vitro
No full textDespite many significant advances in 3D cell printing for skin, a disease model displaying the pathological processes present in the native skin has not been reported yet. Therefore, we were motivated for modeling a 3D diseased skin tissue with pathophysiological hallmarks of type 2 diabetes in vitro based on 3D cell printing technique. By stimulating epidermal-dermal intercellular crosstalk found in the native skin, it was hypothesized that normal keratinocytes would be differentiated as diabetic epidermis when interacting with the diabetic dermal compartment. To prove this, a novel wounded skin model was successfully devised during tissue maturation in vitro. Interestingly, the slow re-epithelization was observed in our diabetic model, which is a representative hallmark of diabetic skin. Using the versatility of 3D cell printing, the structural similarities and diabetic properties of the model were further augmented by addition of perfusable vascularized diabetic hypodermis. Insulin resistance, adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammatory reactions, and vascular dysfunction, as the typical hallmarks in diabetes, were found under hyperglycemia. Finally, the feasibility of this new disease model for drug development was successfully demonstrated through application of test drugs. We trust that this study provides a pioneering step towards 3D cell printing-based in vitro skin disease modeling.11Nsciescopu
Tissue printing for engineering transplantable human parathyroid patch to improve parathyroid engraftment, integration, and hormone secretion in vivo
No full textDuring thyroid surgery, some parathyroid glands fail to maintain their function, therefore, they are unavoidably detached from the patient. For the purpose of re-preservation of the function, they are minced into small segments and transplanted into the fat or muscle layer. Yet, this method of auto-grafting the parathyroid glands is frequently unsuccessful due to its poor interaction and engraftment with the native tissue, eventually leading to the dysfunction of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. In this study, we suggest a methodology to restore parathyroid activity through the introduction of the 'tissue printing' concept. Parathyroid glands of patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism were minced into the fragments smaller than 0.5 x 0.5 mm, which is in common with the traditional surgical method. These parathyroid tissues (PTs) were uniformly mixed with the adipose-derived decellularized extracellular matrix (adECM) bioink that protects the PTs from hostile in vivo environments and promote initial engraftment. PTs-encapsulated adECM bioink (PTs-adECM) was then printed onto the pre-designed polycaprolactone (PCL) mesh to produce patch-type PTs construct, which functions as a mechanical support to further enhance long-term in vivo stability. The engineered patch was transplanted subcutaneously into rats and harvested after 4 weeks. In vivo results showed that the engineered patches were well engrafted and stabilized in their original position for 4 weeks as compared with PTs only. Immunohistochemistry results further revealed that the concentration of PTH was approximately 2.5-fold greater in rats engrafted in the patch. Taken together, we envision that the novel concept 'tissue printing' over cell printing could provide a closer step towards clinical applications of 3D bioprinting to solve the unmet need for parathyroid surgery method.11Nsciescopu
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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