475 research outputs found
محمد بشیر احمد ظامی بہاول پوری بطور مترجم و مدون: MUHAMMAD BASHEER AHMAD ZAMI AS TRANSLATOR AND ENACTOR
No full textMuhammad Basheer Ahmad Zami has been one of the famous writers in Siraiki language. He earned name and fame by doing his creative creations. As a translator and interpreter his work is worth praising. Masnavi is the famous kind of poem in Siraiki Modern as well as in classical poetry. Moulvi Lutf Ali present his world fame Masnavi Saif-ul-Malook. Hazrat Khawaja Ghulam Fareed (R.A) also tributed it much. Zami Bahawalpuri translated it in a marvelous way. It is also easy and well known to the masses. Gulistan and Bastaan are world fame creations of Saadi Sherazi. These books translated in many languages. Saadi Aakhai is the translation of these books by Basheer Ahmad Zami Bahawalpuri. Zami was the teacher by profession and he loved his mother language to its fill. Renowned scholars appreciate his work. Both the translation are the treasure of Siraiki literature
Erratum to Tranexamic acid for the prevention of blood loss after cesarean section: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology MFM. Volume 5, Issue 8, August 2023, 101049
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Review of Available Knowledge on Land Degradation in Pakistan
No full textThis publication reviews the historical and current literature on land degradation in Pakistan.
It is intended as a useful guide for Government officials, donor agencies, NGO’s, farmers, rural groups and others in determining a route forward to combat land degradation in-country and in delivering practical assistance on the ground
Tranexamic acid for the prevention of blood loss after cesarean section: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
No full textObjective: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is a cost-effective intervention for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in women undergoing cesarean section but the evidence to support its use is conflicting. We conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TXA in low- and high-risk cesarean deliveries. Data sources: We searched MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, the Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) portal from inception to April 2022 (updated October 2022 and February 2023) with no language restrictions. Additionally, grey literature sources were also explored. Study eligibility criteria: All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the prophylactic use of intravenous TXA in addition to standard uterotonic agents in women undergoing cesarean deliveries as compared to placebo, standard treatment, or prostaglandins were included in this meta-analysis. Methods: We used the revised Cochrane "Risk of Bias" tool (RoB 2.0) to assess the quality of included RCTs. RevMan 5.4 was used to conduct all statistical analyses under a random-effects model. Results: We included 50 RCTs (6 in only high-risk patients and 2 with prostaglandins as the comparator) evaluating TXA in our meta-analysis. TXA reduced the risk of blood loss >1000 mL, mean total blood loss, and the need for blood transfusion in both low- and high-risk patients. TXA was associated with a beneficial effect in our secondary outcomes including decline in hemoglobin levels and the need for additional uterotonic agents. TXA increased the risk of non-thromboembolic adverse events but, based on limited data, did not increase the incidence of thromboembolic events. The administration of TXA before skin incision, but not after cord clamping, was associated with a large benefit. The quality of evidence was rated as low to very low for outcomes in the low-risk population and moderate for most outcomes in the high-risk subgroup. Conclusions: TXA may reduce the risk of blood loss in cesarean deliveries with a higher benefit observed in high-risk patients but the lack of high-quality evidence precludes any strong conclusions. Additional studies, especially in the high-risk population and evaluating the timing of TXA administration, are needed to confirm or refute these findings
Sustainable Cotton Production Through Skill Development among Farmers: Evidence from Khairpur District of Sindh, Pakistan.
No full textThis study on farmers’ training in environment-friendly production practices for cotton crop was conducted in the Khairpur District of Sindh province. Data used in this study comprises baseline and post- IPM Farmer Field School (FFS) impact surveys conducted during 2001 and 2003 respectively. The programme impacts were estimated on gross margins and changes in farmers’ attitude towards environment and biodiversity. The effect of training on social recognition of farmers, their experimentation abilities, and decision-making skills were also examined. Beside single difference comparisons of change in production practices between trained and non-trained farmers, the difference in difference (DD) method was also used for comparisons among FFS farmers, exposed farmers, and unexposed farmers from controlled villages. The stochastic production frontier model incorporating inefficiency effects is also estimated to analyse the impact of farmers’ training (through FFS) on productivity and efficiency at cotton farms in the area under study. The results show that better cotton yield and reduction in the cost of pesticides and fertiliser inputs enabled FFS farmers to fetch significantly higher gross margins (US 151/ha) and Control farms (US$ 25/ha). The total application of pesticide chemicals was largely reduced (44 percent) on FFS farms. The cost of inefficiency at FFS farms was lower (23.71 percent) as compared to those on non-FFS farms (30.50 percent), which implies that FFS farmers were able to maintain a higher level of technical efficiency. It is concluded that the FFS approach is not only cost efficient but also improves farm-level technical efficiency. Information generated through Agro-ecosystem analysis on pest and predator dynamics helps farmers to understand pest-predator interaction to allow nature to work with fewer or most appropriate interventions. A wellplanned technical back-up support mechanism is recommended to be evolved through integrating the research system into farmer-led experimentation. The programme achievements show that the FFS approach in Pakistan has furthered from only crop management to systems management and community
Farmers Training on Informal Seed Production of Wheat and Lentil
No full textWheat and lentil are important crops to ensure food and nutritional security in dryland region. However, yield of these crops is quite low. Farmers plant local varieties using their own unimproved seeds. Low crop yield affects livelihood of these low income group farming communities majority of who have limited livelihood beyond agriculture. Increasing population and shrinking land and other resources indicate that crop yields in barani areas will have to increase per unit area on a sustainable basis to ensure food and nutritional security.
Improved crop cultivars have been developed by NARS and were selected by farmers for their ecologies during the last season. However, their adoption would depend on availability of quality seed. There is no seed company operating in dryland areas, therefore, informal seed production was the preferred choice. Farmers’ training in informal seed production was therefore, planned under CRP Dryland Systems to develop capacity of rural farming communities produce quality seed for themselves as well as for their nearby farmers. This activity was a continuity of the last season effort whereby the local farming communities had selected the most suited wheat and lentil cultivar for their areas through participatory varietal selection on-farm trials in Chakwal. The consultations with farmers lead to selection of four community members suitable for training as seed entrepreneur.
The one day training session was organized at BARI Chakwal on July 05, 2015. The event targeted capacity development of the selected farmers (04) on informal seed production of wheat and lentil. Farmers were demonstrated various practices whereby they could maintain purity of the seed once they are able to get certified seed of the cultivar of their choice. It was agreed that the session would be followed by supervised sowing of seed increase plots of one selected variety each of Wheat (3 acres, Dharabi-11) and lentil (1 acre, Markaz-09) at selected fields of trained farmers, field visits during crop growing season to provide on-site assistance to these farmers in informal seed production. The successful implementation of the activity will help rural farming communities to produce quality seed in their own areas not only for themselves but also for the nearby communities and is expected to help them increase crop yields, resilience and farmers income
Adoption of Recommended Varieties: A Farm-level Analysis of Wheat Growers in Irrigated Punjab
No full textThis study uses farm level data to analyse the determinants of adoption of recommended wheat varieties in irrigated Punjab, Pakistan. A notable proportion of wheat acreage is sown to non-recommended wheat varieties in the province. These cultivars had either lost (overtime) or did not have resistance against yellow rust. Farm size, education, and size of wheat enterprise on the farm are the important determinants of adoption of recommended wheat varieties while tractor ownership and irrigation source play a positive but insignificant role in the adoption decisions. Age and tenure proved to be less of a constraint towards adoption of the recommended wheat varieties. The likelihood of the adoption of recommended wheat varieties varied among tehsils, with the highest probabilities of adoption in Melsi and Arifwala tehsils of cotton-wheat zones I and II respectively.
Lithium-induced alterations in soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation through multifunctional mechanisms
No full textThe increasing footprints of lithium (Li) in agroecosystems combined with limited recycling options have raised uncertain consequences for important crops. Nitrogen (N2)-fixation by
legumes is an important biological response process, but the cause and effect of Li exposure on plant root-nodule symbiosis and biological N2-fixation (BNF) potential are still unclear. Soybean as a model plant was exposed to Li at low (25 mg kg-1), medium (50 mg kg-1), and high (100 mg kg-1) concentrations. We found that soybean growth and nodulation capacity had a concentrationdependent response to Li. Li at 100 mg kg-1 reduced the nodule numbers, weight, and BNF potential of soybean in comparison to the low and medium levels. Significant shift in soybean growth and BNF after exposure to Li were associated with alteration in the nodule metabolic pathways involved in nitrogen uptake and metabolism (urea, glutamine and glutamate). Importantly, poor soybean nodulation after high Li exposure was due in part to a decreased abundance of bacterium Ensifer in the nodule bacterial community. Also, the dominant N2-fixing bacterium Ensifer was significantly correlated with carbon and nitrogen metabolic pathways. The findings of our study offer mechanistic insights into the environmental and biological impacts of Li on soybean root-nodule symbiosis and N2-acquisition and provide a pathway to develop strategies to mitigate the challenges posed by Li in agroecosystems.This is a manuscript of an article published as Shakoor, Noman, Muzammil Hussain, Muhammad Adeel, Imran Azeem, Muhammad Arslan Ahmad, Muhammad Zain, Peng Zhang et al. "Lithium-induced alterations in soybean nodulation and nitrogen fixation through multifunctional mechanisms." Science of The Total Environment 904 (2023): 166438. doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166438. This manuscript is under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License
Adoption of Recommended Varieties: A Farm level Analysis of Wheat Growers in Irrigated Punjab
No full textThis study uses farm level data to analyse the determinants of adoption of recommended wheat varieties in irrigated Punjab, Pakistan. A notable proportion of wheat acreage is sown to non-recommended wheat varieties in the province. These cultivars had either lost (overtime) or did not have resistance against yellow rust. Farm size, education, and size of wheat enterprise on the farm are the important determinants of adoption of recommended wheat varieties while tractor ownership and irrigation source play a positive but insignificant role in the adoption decisions. Age and tenure proved to be less of a constraint towards adoption of the recommended wheat varieties. The likelihood of the adoption of recommended wheat varieties varied among tehsils, with the highest probabilities of adoption in Melsi and Arifwala tehsils of cotton-wheat zones I and II respectively.Adoption; wheat varieties; Punjab; Pakistan
Application of Multiple Criteria Decision Models for Oilseed Crops in Pakistan’s Punjab
No full textPakistan is deficient in major food products. Self-sufficiency in food has virtually always been a major priority, because imports of wheat, edible oil, sugar, pulses and milk products put a massive burden on the balance of payments for the country. The increase in the production of oilseed has been a priority goal of the agricultural development policy in Pakistan. The oilseed crops have been validated as alternative crops on several target locations of different agro-ecological zones [PARC (1990)]; but the success of this validation work in terms of their dissemination is very limited. The possibility of including these crops in well established systems needed to be well conceived. The selection of farming systems, which have the potential to adopt such crops, is a prerequisite to investigate the problems and prospects of oilseed crops. The emphasis of the study is, therefore, on the identification of typical farm situations where the oilseed crops can be evaluated for their potential inclusion in the cropping plans. A real decision-making environment in agriculture involves several objectives along with their explicit targets.
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