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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Interzelluläre Kommunikation zwischen caninen Fibroblasten und einer Mastzell-Tumor-Zelllinie und ihre Bedeutung bei der Aktivierung von Fibroblasten
No full textNaturally occurring cancers are the most common cause of death in dogs. Tumours represent complex interactive systems that combine different cell types and non-cellular elements. All components of the tumoral niche and their dynamic interactions comprise the tumour microenvironment (TME). Within the TME, fibroblasts are of significant interest as they are reprogrammed by cancer cells into cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which then further promote the abnormal growth and division of cancer cells. Various cancer-derived biomolecules including growth factors, cytokines, and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to induce CAF activation. Exosomes transport an assorted biological cargo that plays an essential role in mediating the intercellular crosstalk within the TME. In this context, cancer cell-derived exosomes are specially enriched in miRNAs, which can trigger CAF differentiation and regulate cancer progression by targeting tumour suppressors or oncogenes. Moreover, dysregulation of miRNAs has been proposed as an emerging hallmark of cancer, both in the tumour itself and within the TME. Interestingly, known biochemical pathways involved in carcinogenesis in humans are also frequently deregulated in canine neoplasms. The essential similarities between canine and human genetic mechanisms for carcinogenesis make translational and comparative studies especially valuable and beneficial for both species.
This study initially detected that canine primary dermal fibroblasts and the mast cell tumour cell line C2 are each capable of releasing exosomes into the cell culture media under standard culture conditions. Then, from a targeted miRNA approach, the aim was to better understand how resting fibroblasts can be activated by cancer cells. To do so, the effects of intercellular communication between canine fibroblasts and C2 cells were investigated via coculture of both types of cells and by culturing fibroblasts with purified C2 exosomes.
The results suggest that canine dermal fibroblasts are activated by C2 cells via intercellular crosstalk involving miRNA dysregulation, which may further support tumour cell proliferation. Additional RNA interference-mediated knockdown experiments provide evidence that miR-27a alone can influence the expression of proteins associated with fibroblast activation. Namely, downregulation of miR-27a in canine tumours may take part in the remodelling process of the TME by controlling the expression of its cancer-associated target genes.
These findings are comparable to data obtained from studies already performed on the human system, which further supports the notion of the domestic dog as a suitable animal model within the field of miRNA crosstalk and cancer research.Natürlich vorkommender Krebs ist die häufigste Todesursache bei Hunden. Tumore stellen komplexe Wechselwirkungssysteme dar, die verschiedene Zelltypen und nichtzelluläre Elemente kombinieren. Alle Komponenten der Tumornische sowie ihre dynamischen Interaktionen formen zusammen die Tumormikroumgebung. Innerhalb der Tumormikroumgebung sind die Fibroblasten von besonderem Interesse, da sie von Krebszellen zu Krebs-assoziierten Fibroblasten umprogrammiert werden, die dann das Wachstum und die Teilung der Krebszellen weiter begünstigen. Verschiedene vom Tumor erzeugte Biomoleküle, wie Wachstumsfaktoren, Zytokine und microRNAs (miRNAs), können Studien zufolge Krebs-assoziierten Fibroblasten aktivieren. Exosomen transportieren eine Mischung von diversen Biomolekülen, die eine essenzielle Rolle bei der Vermittlung der interzellulären Kommunikation innerhalb der Tumormikroumgebung spielen. In diesem Zusammenhang sind die aus Krebszellen hervorgegangen Exosomen besonders mit miRNAs angereichert, welche eine Differenzierung der Krebs-assoziierten Fibroblasten hervorrufen und die Tumorprogression regulieren können, indem sie auf Tumorsuppressoren oder Onkogene abzielen. Darüber hinaus wurde die Dysregulation von miRNAs, sowohl im Tumor selbst als auch innerhalb der Tumormikroumgebung, als neuartige Charakterisierung von Krebszellen vorgeschlagen. Interessanterweise sind die bekannten biochemischen Signalwege, die an der Karzinogenese beim Menschen beteiligt sind, häufig auch bei caninen Neoplasmen dereguliert. Die wesentlichen Ähnlichkeiten zwischen den genetischen Mechanismen der Karzinogenese bei Hunden und Menschen machen Translations- und Vergleichsstudien besonders wertvoll und vorteilhaft für beide Arten.
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Studie wird zum einen gezeigt, dass primäre dermale Fibroblasten von Hunden und die Mastzelle-Tumor-Zelllinie C2 unter standardisierten Kulturbedingungen jeweils in der Lage sind, Exosomen in das Zellkulturmedium abzugeben. Anschließend soll mittels gezielter Charakterisierung ausgesuchter miRNAs besser verstanden werden, wie ruhende Fibroblasten durch Krebszellen aktiviert werden können. Zu diesem Zweck wurden die Effekte interzellulärer Kommunikation zwischen caninen Fibroblasten und C2-Zellen sowohl durch Ko-Kultur beider Zelltypen als auch durch die Kultivierung von Fibroblasten mit gereinigten C2-Exosomen untersucht.
Die Daten lassen darauf schließen, dass dermale Fibroblasten von Hunden durch C2-Zellen aktiviert sind, und zwar mittels interzellulärer Kommunikation auf Basis von miRNADysregulation, was die weitere Proliferation der Krebszellen unterstützen könnte. Zusätzliche RNA Interferenz-vermittelte Knockdown-Experimente geben Hinweise darauf, dass miR-27a auch allein die Expression von Proteinen, die mit der Aktivierung von Fibroblasten assoziiert sind, beeinflussen kann. Die Herabregulierung von miR-27a bei caniner Karzinogenese könnte an der Restrukturierung der Tumormikroumgebung beteiligt sein, wodurch die Expression Krebs-assoziierter Zielgene kontrolliert wird.
Diese Ergebnisse decken sich mit vergleichbaren Daten, die im Rahmen von Studien zum menschlichen System schon erhoben wurden, was wiederum die Annahme unterstützt, dass Haushunde ein gutes Tiermodell für Forschungen im Themenfeld der miRNA Kommunikation und Krebs darstellen
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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