1,720,970 research outputs found
Induced abortion and women\u27s reproductive health in India
Get PDFDespite the intensive national campaign for safe motherhood and legalization of induced abortion (IA), morbidity from abortion has remained a serious problem for Indian women. This study examined the consequences of IA on women\u27s reproductive health. Analysis used data of 90,303 ever-married women age 15–49 years, included in India\u27s second National Family Health Survey (NFHS-2, 1998–99). Binary logistic regression methods were used to examine the consequences of IA on women\u27s reproductive health. Independent of other factors, the likelihood of experiencing any reproductive health problems was 1.5 times higher (OR,1.46; 95% CI,1.33–1.60; P \u3c 0.001) among women who had one IA and 1.9 times higher (OR,1.85; 95% CI,1.52–2.27; P \u3c 0.001) among women who had two or more IA compared to women with no history of IA. Study suggests that IA may have negative consequences for women\u27s reproductive health
Vitamin A supplementation among children in India: Does their socioeconomic status and the economic and social development status of their state of residence make a difference?
No full textBackground: India has the largest percentage/number of vitamin A deficient children in the world. However, the effectiveness of a program of vitamin A supplementation at the population level has been rarely examined. We aim to examine the status of vitamin A supplementation among preschool children in India and its association with their socioeconomic and demographic characteristics and the social and economic development level of the State in which they reside. Materials and Methods: Data are from a cross-sectional study of 20,802 children aged 12-35 months whose mothers participated in the National Family Health Survey 3 (NFHS-3) conducted during 2005-2006. The association between the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the children, the social and economic development status of the State in which they reside and vitamin A supplementation status was examined by means of unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models. Results: Only 25% of the children in India received vitamin A supplementation, indicating a poor coverage, and the differences between the States were wide ( \u3c 10% to \u3e 45%). Rural children (OR: 1.20; 95% CI: 1.10-1.30; P \u3c 0.0001) and children of educated mothers (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 2.04-2.83; P \u3c 0.0001) were more likely to receive vitamin A supplementation than others. Children born in a higher birth order (6+) (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.46-0.63; P \u3c 0.0001) and those residing in states with low levels of social and economic development (OR: 0.51; 95% CI: 0.46-0.57; P \u3c 0.0001) were only about half as likely to receive vitamin A supplementation as their counterparts. Conclusion: The national vitamin A supplementation program in India did not reach a majority of preschool children in 2005. Greater maternal formal education, higher household wealth status and high social development status of their State of residence appears to be an important determinant for receipt of a vitamin A supplementation by preschool children in India
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Women\u27s childhood experience: A perspective from rural Haryana, India
No full textThe childhood experience of women is an important aspect of study in order to promote a change in women\u27s fertility behavior and individual perpetration of gender discrimination. We looked into different dimensions and correlates of childhood experiences by exploring data of 329 women in an ethnographic survey conducted in five villages of Haryana, India. We found women\u27s childhood experiences in rural Haryana were relatively worse; a significant proportion of women had faced food discrimination during their childhood and also were abused/cursed by the family because of their gender. Almost none of the women were asked for their opinion before arranging their marriage and in most cases their marriage was considered a burden. We conclude that a life cycle approach should be taken to examine the situation of girls in rural India starting from early childhood into adolescence and womanhood in order to solve the problem of high gender discrimination within the society
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Pregnancies, abortion and women\u27s reproductive health in rural Haryana, India
No full textIn this study women\u27s reproductive health has been examined according to the number of pregnancies, gestational stage of abortion, and number of abortions among the rural women of Haryana, India by analysing data from an in-depth interview of 329 ever-married women conducted in five villages of Haryana state of India during the year 2003. We found abortion at late gestational stage significantly deteriorates women\u27s reproductive health. More number of abortions also significantly worsens the existing reproductive health problems among women. The logistic regression results confirm that experience of abortion significantly aggravates all types of reproductive health problems among women even after controlling for the socio-economic and demographic factors. Further, when the number of abortion was taken instead of experience of abortion, the effect of repeated abortion (two or more) was found to be significantly higher for all types of reproductive health problems. Surprisingly, the number of pregnancies has not come out as a significant factor for the adverse reproductive health problems among women in contrary to the belief that more number of pregnancies worsens women\u27s health condition
Training manual on basic monitoring and evaluation of social and behavior change communication health programs
Get PDFSocial and behavior change communication (SBCC) interventions are key for addressing social and cultural barriers and achieving goals laid out for health programs. Often these interventions are not evidence based and monitoring and evaluation (M&E) is limited. Lack of trained and skilled human resources for M&E has been a limitation in general. A serious effort is needed to build the capacity of M&E personnel to monitor and evaluate performance of SBCC interventions in terms of reach and effectiveness among intended audiences. The Improving Healthy Behaviors Program of FHI360 aims to provide technical assistance to strengthen capacities to monitor and evaluate SBCC intervention for maternal health, family planning, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS of public program managers at national, state, and district levels. The Population Council will train a cadre of master trainers on M&E of SBCC activities at the national and state level who would further build capacity of human resources responsible for M&E of SBCC activities at the district level. This training manual has been prepared to address capacity building for M&E of SBCC interventions
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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