1,720,956 research outputs found
Experimental gingivitis in patients with altered passive eruption: A case control study. Clinical and histological evaluation
Full text linkBackground: Passive eruption is a process by which the epithelial attachment of the gingival tissue retracts from the enamel portion of the crown onto the root into adult position just apical to the CEJ allowing for a fibrous connective tissue attachment at the base of the sulcus (the biological width). Authors indicate that an excess of gum on the tooth impedes oral hygiene and can cause disease especially in individuals who already have a high predisposition to periodontitis. Aim: Despite the fact that many authors suggest that the patients with altered passive eruption are more susceptible to gingivitis and periodontitis due to the excess of gingiva, which impedes the correct oral hygiene procedure, there is to-date no clinical study confirming this assumption. The aim of the present study is therefore to examine the onset, progress and the healing of experimental gingivitis in patients with altered passive eruption when compared to patients with normal gingival anatomy. Material and Methods: 9 patients with altered passive eruption for the test group and 9 patients with normal anatomy of gingival tissues as a control group were selected for the study. The clinical parameters have been compared also intrapatiently, due to fact that the patient developed an experimental gingivitis only in one selected side(test) of maxillary arch, another side has been considered as a control. Results: On day 7 (T1), all clinical parameters related to gingival status were similarly low in both test and control groups. On day 21 (T3), at the time of maximum amount of plaque accumulation, there was a statistically significant difference between two groups in the gingival inflammatory indices. Thus, AngBS(Angulated bleeding score) on day 21 (T3) was 1.78 ± 0.44 in test and 0.67 ± 0.50 in control groups (p=0.002); and MGI(modified gingival index) was 2.78 ± 0.44 in test and 1.33 ± 0.50 in control groups (p=0.002). At the end (T6) of experimental gingivitis, the difference in the inflammatory indices was insignificant, but despite this, some patents in the test group still had signs of gingivitis, while the patients from control group were completely healthy related to gingival status. Conclusion: Notwithstanding, even if gingivitis in patients with altered passive eruption is developed much more rapidly, thorough home oral hygiene and plaque control conduces to complete clinical recovery. In spite of the clinical convalescence, however, some patients with APE show microscopic signs of gingival inflammation. Further studies with a large number of patients are required to confirm the correlation between altered passive eruption and periodontal diseases, and to determine how its surgical correction can affect this relationship
Early Wound Healing Score: a system to evaluate the early healing of periodontal soft tissue wounds
Full text linkPurpose: Numerous indices have been proposed to analyse wound healing in oral soft tissues, but each has specific shortcomings. A new method of analysis, the Early Wound Healing Score (EHS), was evaluated in the present study. The aim was to assess more accurately early healing by primary intention of surgical incisions in periodontal soft tissues. Methods: Twenty-one patients were treated with different surgical procedures comprising 1 or 2 vertical releasing incisions as part of a surgical access flap. Twenty-four hours after surgery, early wound healing at the vertical releasing incisions was assessed using the EHS. This score assessed clinical signs of re-epithelialization (CSR), clinical signs of haemostasis (CSH), and clinical signs of inflammation (CSI). Since complete wound epithelialization was the main outcome, the CSR score was weighted to be 60% of the total final score. Accordingly, a score of 0, 3, or 6 points was possible for the assessment of CSR, whereas scores of 0, 1, or 2 points were possible for CSH and CSI. Higher values indicated better healing. Accordingly, the score for ideal early wound healing was 10. Results: Thirty vertical releasing incisions were assessed in 21 patients. At 24 hours after incision, 16 vertical releasing incisions (53.33%) received the maximum score of CSR, while 6 cases (20%) received an EHS of 10. None of the cases received 0 points. Conclusion: The EHS system may be a useful tool for assessing early wound healing in periodontal soft tissue by primary intention after surgery
Experimental gingivitis in patients with and without altered passive eruption
No full textBACKGROUND:
Individuals with altered passive eruption (APE) are assumed to be more susceptible to periodontal diseases. To date, this hypothesis has not been sufficiently supported by scientific evidence. The aim of this study, using an experimental gingivitis model, was to examine the development and resolution of gingival inflammation in patients with APE when compared to patients with normal gingival anatomy.
METHODS:
A localized experimental gingivitis was induced in 9 patients with APE (test group) and 9 patients without APE (control group) in the maxillary right quadrant. After 21 days, patients were instructed to resume proper home oral hygiene procedures. At baseline (day 0) and at days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42, plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI), and gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF) were evaluated for teeth 6 (canine), 7 (lateral incisor) and 8 (central incisor) of test and control groups.
RESULTS:
During the experimental gingivitis phase (days 0 to 21), the rate of change in gingival inflammation (GI) was dramatically different between the APE test group and the control group. On day 21, at the time of maximum plaque accumulation, the GI of the APE test group was a 109% greater than the GI of the test group (P ≤ 0.001) despite similar plaque levels (P = 0.436). During the resolution of inflammation phase (days 22 to 42), the APE test group continued to exhibit statistically higher GI scores than the control group (P = 0.029).
CONCLUSION:
In the presence of similar amounts of plaque deposits and plaque accumulation rates, APE patients exhibited differences in the development and resolution of plaque-induced gingival inflammation when compared to controls
Histologic Analysis of Clinically Healthy Human Gingiva in Patients with Altered Passive Eruption
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to histologically examine the clinically healthy gingiva of patients with altered passive eruption (APE). Five patients with type 1 APE were enrolled. They underwent scaling and polishing and received oral hygiene instructions. After 6 months of supervised plaque control and uninterrupted gingival clinical health (Gingival Index (GI) = 0 and no Bleeding on Probing (BoP)), upper anterior teeth were surgically treated. During the surgical procedure, the excised gingival margin was collected to be histologically examined. In four out of five patients, signs of inflammation including spongiosis and neutrophil exocytosis could be found in the epithelium of the gingival sulcus. Ulceration with exposure of the lamina propria and inflammatory granulation tissue were evident in the most severe cases. Normal density and orientation of collagen fibers could be seen within the superficial and the deep portions of connective tissue, with an increase in size and number of the deep collagen fibers and a reduced laxity of the superficial ones. In conclusion, the clinically healthy gingiva of APE patients showed features compatible with persistent inflammation, possibly due to recurrent traumatisms caused by an incisally placed gingival margin
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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