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AN ANALYSIS OF FACTORS INFLUENCING PARTICIPATION OF SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN RED BEAN MARKET IN HALABA SPECIAL DISTRICT, ETHIOPIA
Get PDFAn Analysis of Factors Influencing Participation of Smallholder Farmers in Red Bean Marketing in Halaba Special District, Ethiopia
Get PDFMarket participation in rural households is a vital strategy in assuring better income and a key factor to lifting rural households from poverty. Red bean is an important crop in Ethiopia, especially Halaba Special District (HSD), but farmers are not participating in the market adequately. The overall objective of the study was to assess the factors determining the participation of smallholder farmers in the red bean market chain in HSD. The specific objectives of the study were characterizing the marketing chain of red bean in HSD, identifying constraints of red bean farmers, traders and cooperatives, examining the factors influencing market participation decision and extent of participation in the district. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to draw a random sample of 150 red bean producers, and stratified sampling was employed to get 33 red bean traders. A two-stage Heckman model was used to investigate factors affecting market participation decision for red bean and extent of market participation decision. The study found that about 79, 0.8, 0.7, and 19.5 percent of the produce was purchased by urban collectors, rural assemblers, primary cooperatives, and wholesalers respectively. Traders graded the produce after purchase and sold to the next actors. Wholesalers and a few assemblers used intermediaries to purchase red beans while urban collectors bought directly from the farmers and conveyed to the next actors. It was reported that brokers were a major obstacle to red bean marketing in the district because they confuse farmers with wrong price information and compete benefits expected to be earned by the farmers. Red bean farmers received higher returns when they sold their outputs directly to wholesalers. In the district, major red bean farmers‟ production and marketing constraints were brokers, price fluctuations, access to improved seed and access to credit. On the other hand red bean traders marketing bottlenecks were low quality, informal traders and shortage of finance. The market participation decision was significantly influenced by price, ownership of transportation means, number of extension visits per year, amount of red bean produced, awareness about quality standards; market information, family size, access to credit, and gender. These suggest that there is an urgent need for concerned organization to take part and improve the income and hence the livelihood of red bean farmers. The extent of market participation was significantly influenced by price, ownership of means of transport, amount of red bean produced and family size. Awareness about quality standards influenced market participation decision positively, indicating that farmers should be trained on red bean quality standards. Comprehensive extension work is urgently needed to assist red bean farmers in post harvest handling, and linking them with markets. Based on the findings, the study recommended creating good market networks, reliable market information, strong extension intervention, and training farmers on methods of producing high quality red bean. Attention should be given to brokers‟ activities and access to improved seeds, and the government should enhance credit supply
An Analysis of Factors Influencing Participation of Smallholder Farmers in Red Bean Marketing in Halaba Special District, Ethiopia
No full textMarket participation in rural households is a vital strategy in assuring better income and a key factor to lifting rural households from poverty. Red bean is an important crop in Ethiopia, especially Halaba Special District (HSD), but farmers are not participating in the market adequately. The overall objective of the study was to assess the factors determining the participation of smallholder farmers in the red bean market chain in HSD. The specific objectives of the study were characterizing the marketing chain of red bean in HSD, identifying constraints of red bean farmers, traders and cooperatives, examining the factors influencing market participation decision and extent of participation in the district. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to draw a random sample of 150 red bean producers, and stratified sampling was employed to get 33 red bean traders. A two-stage Heckman model was used to investigate factors affecting market participation decision for red bean and extent of market participation decision. The study found that about 79, 0.8, 0.7, and 19.5 percent of the produce was purchased by urban collectors, rural assemblers, primary cooperatives, and wholesalers respectively. Traders graded the produce after purchase and sold to the next actors. Wholesalers and a few assemblers used intermediaries to purchase red beans while urban collectors bought directly from the farmers and conveyed to the next actors. It was reported that brokers were a major obstacle to red bean marketing in the district because they confuse farmers with wrong price information and compete benefits expected to be earned by the farmers. Red bean farmers received higher returns when they sold their outputs directly to wholesalers. In the district, major red bean farmers’ production and marketing constraints were brokers, price fluctuations, access to improved seed and access to credit. On the other hand red bean traders marketing bottlenecks were low quality, informal traders and shortage of finance. The market participation decision was significantly influenced by price, ownership of transportation means, number of extension visits per year, amount of red bean produced, awareness about quality standards; market information, family size, access to credit, and gender. These suggest that there is an urgent need for concerned organization to take part and improve the income and hence the livelihood of red bean farmers. The extent of market participation was significantly influenced by price, ownership of means of transport, amount of red bean produced and family size. Awareness about quality standards influenced market participation decision positively, indicating that farmers should be trained on red bean quality standards. Comprehensive extension work is urgently needed to assist red bean farmers in post-harvest handling, and linking them with markets. Based on the findings, the study recommended creating good market networks, reliable market information, strong extension intervention, and training farmers on methods of producing high quality red bean. Attention should be given to brokers’ activities and access to improved seeds, and the government should enhance credit supply
Conservation Threats to Ethnomedicinal plants in Kore District, South Eastern, Ethiopia
No full textThe study aimed to investigate the threats to the biodiversity of ethnomedicinal plants and to find consensus information on conservation and management practices of ethnomedicinal plants to contribute sustainable utilization of ethnomedicinal plants in Kore district, Southeastern Ethiopia. The result of the survey revealed that sixty-one medicinal plants were reported by the informants from the study area. These plants are distributed in 59 genera and 37 families. Family Lamiaceae and Asteraceae were represented by 5 (8.2%) species for each family and this is the highest number of species and followed by 4 (6.5%) species of Solanaceae and Fabaceae for each family. Preference ranking analysis shows that Eucalyptus globulus scored 47, indicating that it is the most used plant for firewood in the community, followed by Olea europaea (45) and the least used plant for firewood is Juniperus procera scored 36. Paired comparison analysis showed that Olea Europeae ranked first followed by Podocarpus falcatus for the use of charcoal production in the study area. The major purposes of plant species in the study area were construction, Charcoal, Firewood, Furniture, and Fences as well as for medicinal uses. Based on direct matrix ranking analysis Juniperus procera, Eucalyptus globulus, Podocarpus falactus, Olea europaea, Hagenia abyssinica, Croton macrostachyus, and Cordia africana were the most preferred medicinal plants by local people in the study area. The analysis's findings indicated that anthropogenic influences are endangering medicinal plants. In this study area, only about 13% of medicinal plants are collected from home gardens. This shows that the effort made by the community to conserve medicinal plants is not satisfactory. Therefore, encouraging NGOs and Government offices to participate in the conservation of medicinal plants to encourage the local people to plant indigenous trees for domestic use is necessary
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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