1,354,974 research outputs found
Shifting the Matrix from Legal Passivity to a New Domestic Legal Order: Towards the Justiciability of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights in Cameroon
No full text Despite the fact that economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR) have been categorised as ‘second-generation rights’, the evolving jurisprudence of international bodies indicate that these are legally recognised rights worthy of protection, promotion and enforcement. Subjecting the realisation of these rights to the availability of resources has become a structural limitation that is being invoked by many African states to justify why ESCR have not earned the recognition, protection, promotion and enforceability they deserve in their domestic legal systems. As Cameroon's attitude towards ESCR puts her in material breach of her obligations arising from the ICESCR and the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights, it is argued that achieving recognition, promotion and protection of ESCR in Cameroon requires justiciability of ESCR as a new paradigm: by the very nature of justiciability, legislative and institutional reforms will have to be implemented. </jats:p
Accountability of law enforcement personnel for Human Rights Violations in Cameroon : trends and challenges
No full textLaw enforcement personnel are critically important in both the security and criminal justice sectors. Unlike ordinary citizens, they possess the broad powers needed to perform the tasks in these sectors: for example, they possess the power to arrest and detain; to search premises and seize items; to interrogate individuals; to stop assemblies; to check and even to restrict the movements of people during certain times; and to use force and firearms in specific circumstances. In exercising such powers, they are required to act independently and judiciously. Also, they must stay within the remit of the law. Such powers, however, render them prone to committing human rights abuses since by their very nature, they interfere with the civil and political rights of individuals. In instances of violations, they are expected to be held accountable. Accountability for law enforcement for human rights violations evokes and entails the notions of lawfulness and legitimacy. As legitimacy touches on the public perception of law enforcement personnel, it becomes vital to explore what mechanisms are put in place to ensure accountability as well as possible challenges that hamper it. Examining the notion of the accountability of law enforcement personnel in the context of Cameroon, this paper argues that selective accountability has been the trend which puts the country at quite a distance from its international human rights obligations. Informed by empirical evidence from credible governmental bodies, the paper identifies and assesses the legal framework on accountability, touching on a few instances of selective accountability, and argues that if lawfulness and legitimacy are to be the cornerstones of accountability, then a comprehensive approach must be considered, including the de-politicisation of law enforcement units in Cameroon
Assessment of the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Orogodo River sediments Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria
No full textAbstract
The study aimed at assessing the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) concentration in Orogodo River Sediments at Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria. Sixteen sediment samples at different sample point were collected and analyzed; obtained concentrations were compared with exiting standards. Sediment samples were extracted using a mixture of hexane and acetone (1:1), sonicated in an ultrasonic bath (15 min) and placed on a shaker for two hours. Chromatographic analysis was done after solvent exchange, was carried out on the final extract using n-hexane (1000 μl) and injected (1 μl) into a gas chromatographic system coupled with an electron capture detector (ECD). Results from this study revealed that the concentration of PCBs in all the sediment samples under investigation was highest with 0.198 μg/kg in the Agric yard Agbor 2 sample point and lowest with 0.026 μg/kg in the Behind Prison - Agbor 1. The concentration of PCBs for all the sediment samples analyzed ranged in the order: Agric Yard Agbor 2 < Slaugther Agbor 2 < River Ama 1 < Mr. Biggs Agbor 1 < Behind Prison Agbor 2 < River Ama 2 < Mr. Biggs Agbor 3 < Under Bridge Agbor 1 < Mr. Biggs Agbor 2 < River Ama 4 < Agric Yard Agbor 1 < Mr. Biggs Agbor 4 < SlaugtherAgbor 1 < River Ama 3 < Under Bridge Agbor 2 < Behind Prison Agbor 1. The obtained results in this study suggest the urgent need to establish a program for monitoring organochlorine pollutants in our rivers and sediment in other to curb any elevation in concentration of pollutants over the environmental quality standards and appropriate actions taken. </jats:p
Prosecuting Human Violations Committed in the Anglophone Cameroon Crisis: A Disquisition on the Legal Framework
No full textThe prosecution of perpetrators of mass violations of human rights remains one of the unfinished tasks of Africa's ʺdemocraciesʺ which, in itself, is eloquent evidence of the need for systemic arrangements to protect human rights, build a culture of the rule of law and ultimately defeat impunity. Emboldened by the absence of the foregoing, accountability for human rights violations of individuals and the fulfilment of the corresponding duty to prosecute violators have been contentious issues in Africa's politically volatile communities. As states are caught betwixt and between protecting human rights and holding individuals accountable, the questions about the State's fulfilment of its international obligations arises. Sourced primarily from international treaties, customary international law, and general principles of law, the duty to prosecute violations of human rights is revisited with a focus on the theoretical and legal framework. Situated in the context of the ongoing Anglophone Cameroon crisis in which political factions of the English-speaking regions are pitted against the French-speaking dominated Government of Cameroon, and bringing to the fore the violations, which have become an odious scourge, this paper argues that there is a sacrosanct duty on the Government of Cameroon to investigate, prosecute and punish such violations. The paper interrogates the relevant international law instruments and engages in a dialogue with relevant and respectable literature penned by prominent scholars and jurists on the issue of accountability. It provides an analytical disquisition on the duty to prosecute which, as argued herein, must be fulfilled by Cameroon given the violations that have been committed during the ongoing Anglophone Cameroon crisis
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Instigation to crimes against humanity ::the flawed jurisprudence of the Trial and Appeal Chambers of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) /
No full textIn Instigation to Crimes Against Humanity - The Flawed Jurisprudence of the Trial and Appeal Chambers of the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) , Avitus A. Agbor critiques the jurisprudence of the ICTR on instigation to crimes against humanity under Article 6(1)
Geophysical Investigation of Ground-Water in Agbor Area of Delta State, Nigeria
No full textGeophysical survey was curried out in order to investigate Groundwater existence in Agbor Area of Delta State Nigeria. This research work became necessary in order to solve the acute water shortage in the area by way of prospecting or searching for additional aquifer which would subsidize the existing one, domestically, industrially and agriculturally. Ten(10) vertical electrical sounding (VES) (uniformly distributed) was conducted in Agbor area and its environs using schlumberger electrode array. The VES were carried out with semi electrode spacing in the range Im-928m at six (06) points per decade. The results of the interpretation identified wet sand/clean sand as perched aquifer which can produce ground water to the bore-hole at a perceptible rate between depth of 90m to 140m as confirmed by a nearby driller logs of Agbor [21]. The resistivity of the aquifer detected varied from 102.4 ohm-m to 100,000 ohm-m while the thickness ranges from 31.9m to 103.7m
Bounded and compact operators on the Bergman space La1 in the unit ball of Cn
No full textAbstractLet μ be a complex Borel measure on the unit ball of Cn and α>−1. We characterize the measures μ for which the Toeplitz operator Tμα is bounded or compact on the Bergman space La1(Bn,(1−|z|2)αdν), where dν is the normalized Lebesgue measure on the unit ball of Cn. Our results also include the case of more general operators in La1(Bn,dν). These results extend to several dimensions the results of Agbor, Békollé and Tchoundja (2011) [2] and Wu, Zhao and Zorborska (2006) [11]
Prevalence of Eye Diseases in Agbor, Ika L.G.A, Delta State
No full textDiseases that cause visual impairment are known to significantly alter the quality of life of the individual but public awareness could help subjects seek intervention and prevent avoidable blindness.Prevalence estimates indicate the burden of visual impairment at a defined location at a point or period. Accurate prevalence estimates are needed to plan for availability of health care services, associated monetary costs, and quality of life connected with having the condition. This study aimed at determination of the prevalence of eye diseases in Agbor, Ika L.G.A, Delta State, Nigeria.The study was descriptive and simple random technique was used for selection while the sample size was one 940 patients. Patients who visited the Ophthalmology Department (including the Optometry Unit) within a period of one year, represented the study population while patients diagnosed of eye disease were recruited as sample size.Study showed the prevalent of the eye disease in the following order, Bacterial conjunctivitis (19.30%)> cataract (16.56%)> glaucoma (10.83%)> astigmatism (10.59%)> hypertensive retinopathy (10.59%)> allergic conjunctivitis (6.10%)> presbyopia (5.60%)> myopia (4.73%)> foreign body (4.23%)> uveitis (3.36%)> retinopathy (2.74%)> maculopathy (1.62%)> chorioretinitis (1.25%)> hyperopia (1.00%)> diabetic pterygium (0.62%)> corneal Abrasion (0.50%)> aphakia (0.37%). Furthermore,the percentage of occurrence calculated revealed that eye diseases were more prevalence in females (51.52%) when compared to males (48.44%) in present study. Conclusively, the awareness of the prevalent of eye diseases within Agbor community revealed that conjunctivitis is the most prevalent
Hydroethanolic plant extracts from Cameroon positively modulate enzymes relevant to carbohydrate/lipid digestion and cardio-metabolic diseases
No full textCardiovascular diseases are the greatest cause of death globally and are frequently associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome, a condition including visceral obesity, hypertension, elevated triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol and hyperglycaemia. Several medicinal plants, including spices, are used in Cameroon as herbal medicines and are traditionally employed for the treatment of several ailments such as diabetes and related diseases. In this study, we chemically characterized eleven Cameroonian spice extracts and evaluated their effects on some enzyme activities relevant to carbohydrate and lipid digestion and cardio-metabolic diseases. Hydroethanolic spice extracts were characterized by GC-MS analysis and screened for their ability to modulate the activity of α-glucosidase, α-amylase, pancreatic lipase, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). Among the spice extracts tested, those from Xylopia parviflora showed the widest inhibitory spectrum, with a relevant effect on all enzyme activities. Dichrostachys glomerata and Aframomum citratum extracts were more selective. The selected and strong activity of some plants, such as that of Aframomum citratum on pancreatic lipase and that of Xylopia aethiopica on ACE, suggests their specific use in obesity and hypertension, respectively. Chemical analysis indicated that for some spice extracts such as Xylopia parviflora and Aframomum citratum their secondary metabolites (chlorogenic acid, pimaric acid, and catechin and its derivatives) could potentially justify the biological properties observed. Our findings clearly show significant inhibition of cardio-metabolic enzymes by hydroethanolic Cameroonian spice extracts, suggesting the potential usefulness of nutraceuticals derived from these plants to develop novel management strategies for obesity and diabetes complications
Job Autonomy and Employee Performance: A Study of Central Hospital Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria
No full textThe significance of job autonomy on employee performance at central hospital Agbor, Delta State, Nigeria, was investigated in this study. The study used a research survey design to collect data from 150 participants using purposive and basic random sampling methods. 129 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved out of the 150 that were distributed, yielding an 86.0% response rate. Of the 129 respondents in all, 72 were women and 57 were men. The study results demonstrated that job autonomy had an effect on employee performance at central hospital Agbor, Delta State. The study concluded that plethora of evidence supports the positive correlation between worker autonomy and employee performance. When allowing employees to exercise job autonomy, central hospital\u27s management must take certain factors into account. These factors include the employees\u27 skills and abilities, organisational culture, degree of cultural diversity within the organisation, and autonomy limits. Central hospital Agbor should encouraging staff members to get involved in decision-making and empowering them to make decisions within their immediate domain of responsibility after providing them with a general understanding of the policies that govern their operations and utilising job autonomy as a crucial component to improve the effectiveness of staff and the hospital
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