197,101 research outputs found
Patch test reactivity to paraben mixes and their constituents
No full textParabens are commonly used preservatives in topical preparations, including cosmetics, in medicines, and in food. They are capable of inducing contact sensitisation, especially in patients with stasis dermatitis. Between 1990 and 1994, a mix containing 5 parabens (benzyl-, butyl-, ethyl-, methyl- and propylparaben, 3% each) was used for diagnostic patch testing. Of 23025 patients tested with this mix, 1.6% had positive test reactions. In break-down testing with single constituents (tested with 3%) mainly benzyl paraben, which was not tested (and not used) due to possible carcinogenic risk any more, and propyl paraben caused positive test reactions (in 10 of 184 and 13 of 616 patients, respectively). The sensitivity of the mix with regard to detecting contact allergy to one (or more) of the constituents was 88% and specifity 96%; however, the positive predictive value (PPV) was only 23%, i.e., about 3/4 "false-positive" reactions occurred. In a subsequent study of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) 1286 patients were patch tested with the above mentioned mix, which had to be replaced, and 2 mixes (4 x 3% and 4 x 4%) containing the remaining parabens; positive reactions were observed in 2.1%, 1.2% and 1.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of the new mixes was lower (47% and 53%, resp.), however, the PPV (44% and 42%, resp.) was more acceptable. Between 1995 and 2000 altogether 51260 patients were patch tested with the standard series, including the 4 x 4% paraben-mix in the IVDK centres, with 1.5% positive reactions. Break-down testing was performed in 1270 of these. The diagnostic performance of the mix found here (sensitivity: 78%, PPV: 44%) was similar to that in the DKG-study. In conclusion, patch testing with parabens is still difficult, in particular, as several "paraben paradoxes" hamper the application of a valid gold standard (e.g., a repeated open application test [ROAT] on uninvolved skin) when judging patch test reactions. Despite these limitations in risk assessment, parabens can be regarded as relatively safe, although this benefit is somewhat limited by the necessity to add other-potentially more sensitising-biocides to achieve adequate protection against microbial decay in some products
Patch test reactivity to paraben mixes and their constituents
No full textParabens are commonly used preservatives in topical preparations, including cosmetics, in medicines, and in food. They are capable of inducing contact sensitisation, especially in patients with stasis dermatitis. Between 1990 and 1994, a mix containing 5 parabens (benzyl-, butyl-, ethyl-, methyl- and propylparaben, 3% each) was used for diagnostic patch testing. Of 23025 patients tested with this mix, 1.6% had positive test reactions. In break-down testing with single constituents (tested with 3%) mainly benzyl paraben, which was not tested (and not used) due to possible carcinogenic risk any more, and propyl paraben caused positive test reactions (in 10 of 184 and 13 of 616 patients, respectively). The sensitivity of the mix with regard to detecting contact allergy to one (or more) of the constituents was 88% and specifity 96%; however, the positive predictive value (PPV) was only 23%, i.e., about 3/4 "false-positive" reactions occurred. In a subsequent study of the German Contact Dermatitis Research Group (DKG) 1286 patients were patch tested with the above mentioned mix, which had to be replaced, and 2 mixes (4 x 3% and 4 x 4%) containing the remaining parabens; positive reactions were observed in 2.1%, 1.2% and 1.5%, respectively. The sensitivity of the new mixes was lower (47% and 53%, resp.), however, the PPV (44% and 42%, resp.) was more acceptable. Between 1995 and 2000 altogether 51260 patients were patch tested with the standard series, including the 4 x 4% paraben-mix in the IVDK centres, with 1.5% positive reactions. Break-down testing was performed in 1270 of these. The diagnostic performance of the mix found here (sensitivity: 78%, PPV: 44%) was similar to that in the DKG-study. In conclusion, patch testing with parabens is still difficult, in particular, as several "paraben paradoxes" hamper the application of a valid gold standard (e.g., a repeated open application test [ROAT] on uninvolved skin) when judging patch test reactions. Despite these limitations in risk assessment, parabens can be regarded as relatively safe, although this benefit is somewhat limited by the necessity to add other-potentially more sensitising-biocides to achieve adequate protection against microbial decay in some products
Dr. Duane M. Jackson, Morehouse College, July 2011
No full textThis video is a conversation with Dr. Duane M. Jackson. Dr. Jackson talks about his paper, "Recall and the Serial Position Effect: The Role of Primacy and Recency on Accounting Students' Performance." Jackie Daniel, AUC Woodruff Library, is the interviewer
"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States" By M. Carey.
No full text"Reflections on the subject of Emigration from Europe with a view to Settlement in the United States: containing bried sketches of the moral and political character of those states.
By M. Carey, member of the American philosophical, and of the American Antiquarian Society, and author of The Olive Branch, Cindiciae Hibernicae, essays on banking, on political economy, and on internal improvement.
To which are now added the English editor's comments on the subject; together with Important Advice to Emigrants, and Cautions Against Impositions Practiced in the Outports
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Dr. Glendon Swarthout
No full textHosted by Roger M. Busfield, MSU Assistant Professor of Speech and Theater, Meet the Author is designed to introduce a general audience to a contemporary author and their work through in-depth interviews. This episode features a conversation between Dr. Glendon Swarthout, prolific author and English professor at MSU, and assistant professors Sam S. Baskett and Theodore B. Strandness
Recovery of As-Yet-Uncultured Soil Acidobacteria on Dilute Solid Media
No full textA growing number of Acidobacteria strains have been isolated from environments worldwide, with most isolates derived from acidic samples and affiliated with subdivision 1. We recovered eighteen Acidobacteria strains from an alkaline soil, among which eleven belonged to the previously uncultured subdivision 6. Various media formulations were tested for their effects on Acidobacteria growth
Simulation of thermal plant optimization and hydraulic aspects of thermal distribution loops for large campuses
No full textFollowing an introduction, the author describes Texas A&M University and its utilities system. After that, the author presents how to construct simulation models for chilled water and heating hot water distribution systems. The simulation model was used in a $2.3 million Ross Street chilled water pipe replacement project at Texas A&M University. A second project conducted at the University of Texas at San Antonio was used as an example to demonstrate how to identify and design an optimal distribution system by using a simulation model. The author found that the minor losses of these closed loop thermal distribution systems are significantly higher than potable water distribution systems. In the second part of the report, the author presents the latest development of software called the Plant Optimization Program, which can simulate cogeneration plant operation, estimate its operation cost and provide optimized operation suggestions. The author also developed detailed simulation models for a gas turbine and heat recovery steam generator and identified significant potential savings. Finally, the author also used a steam turbine as an example to present a multi-regression method on constructing simulation models by using basic statistics and optimization algorithms. This report presents a survey of the author??s working experience at the Energy Systems Laboratory (ESL) at Texas A&M University during the period of January 2002 through March 2004. The purpose of the above work was to allow the author to become familiar with the practice of engineering. The result is that the author knows how to complete a project from start to finish and understands how both technical and nontechnical aspects of a project need to be considered in order to ensure a quality deliverable and bring a project to successful completion. This report concludes that the objectives of the internship were successfully accomplished and that the requirements for the degree of Degree of Engineering have been satisfied
Vanillin production from agro-industrial wastes
No full textAgro-industrial wastes are a low-cost and sustainable resource for the production of both bulk and specialty chemicals. A number of natural flavors can also be produced from them via microbial transformation. Vanillin is one of the most
important flavoring compounds in the food industry. Research regarding its biotechnological production from ferulic acid
AU3 recovered from agro-food industry byproducts and wastes has received a great impulse in the last years. Several byproducts from the cereal industry (maize, rice, and wheat) and the sugar beet pulp have been examined as a source of ferulic acid that has been extracted at high yield from all of them. Both crude hydrolysates, obtained from the mentioned plant source and purified ferulic acid, have been used as substrate sources for the biological production of ‘natural’ vanillin. The highest vanillin molar yields have been obtained with the use of fungi or actinomycetes as catalysts, although very promising results have been recently obtained with nonfilamentous microorganisms. On the whole, the production of vanillin from agro-food industry byproducts represents an opportunity to produce this flavor in a new, economically and environmentally sustainable way, which also allows for the valorization of waste matrixes
Intern experience at CH���M Hill, Inc.: an internship report
No full textIncludes author's vita"Submitted to the College of Engineering of Texas A&M University in partial
fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Engineering."Includes bibliographical referencesA review of the author's internship experience with CH���M HILL, Inc.
during the period September 1975 through May 1976 is presented. During this nine month
internship the author worked as an Engineer II in the Industrial Processes discipline of this
large consulting engineering firm... The author's prime responsibility was as one of three
lead design engineers on the design of a large wastewater treatment facility for a pulp mill
in Hoquiam, Washington owned by ITT Rayonier Inc. The work generally consisted of the design
of individual treatment units and associated piping and pumping. The purpose of the project
was to provide wastewater treatment capabilities that would satisfy the effluent limitations
(standards) imposed upon the mill by the State of Washington Department of Ecology and the
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The author's assignment also entailed necessary
interaction with the project manager and other CH���M HILL design engineers and support staff
members, the client's representatives, and representatives of two other consulting engineering
firms working on the project. Thus, the internship position at CH���M HILL provided considerable
experience coordinating the author's work with the work of other engineers, guiding the design
and administrative efforts of a support staff, and interacting regularly with the client and
other consulting firms. This broad exposure to a variety of engineering and organizational
problems provided a valuable educational experience
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