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Relational Care - with Mary Larkin and Manik Deepak-Gopinath [Podcast]
No full textWhat is 'relational care' and how can it improve the day-to-day experience of carers and those they care for? What are its implications for relationships between staff and service users in care settings? And how does the concept of relational care enable us to re-imagine the role of place and space in the experience of care? These are some of the questions we explore in this episode with Mary Larkin and Manik Deepak-Gopinath who recently completed a research project on the value and practice of relational care with older people.
Mary is Professor of Care, Carers and Caring at The Open University in the UK, where her research has focused on carers and caring and adult social care. She is the co-author, most recently of Family Carers and Caring, published in 2023 by Emerald. Manik is a Lecturer in Ageing, also at The Open University, and is a critical gerontologist with interests in the intersection of ageing, place and wellbeing, and in the intimate and family ties of older adults
My Name Is Deepak
No full textThis chapter looks at the author's responses to being given a nickname by his co-workers: Tupac. They do it in a friendly manner, but the author doesn’t understand the connection with the American rapper. It makes him think about who he is, his identity, and how people see him in his adopted country.</p
Sideffective - system to mine patient reviews: sentiment analysis
No full textSideffective is the system to crawl, rank and analyze patient testimonials about side ffeects from common medications. Since the wealth of any mining model is the Data corpus, the data collection phase involved extensive crawling of massive medical websites comprised of user forums from the internet. Subsequently, the raw files were subjected to certain site-specific parsing routines, yielding outputs conforming to a well-defined data model. Currently, the system holds close to 400,000 user testimonials pertaining to more than 2500 drugs/medicines. Sideffective aims at gathering and aggregating this wealth of information, build useful associations and present interesting observations and numeric validations, all in a user-friendly interface. The important issues that we have tried to tackle are: Extracting side effects without relying on pre-built lists, aggregating distribution of different side effect for a give drug, site-specific search, ranking and determining the negativity of reviews. The system has been jointly built by Deepak Yalamanchi and Sangeetha Rajagopalan under the guidance of Prof. Tomasz Imielinski. This thesis focuses mainly on Sentiment Analysis of patient reviews. While most existing sentiment analysis systems are predicated by POS (parts of speech) tagging or Bayesian sentiment analysis methods, the same cannot be applied to medical reviews as they generally carry a negative flavor in them. We thereby approached the problem by identifying the features in the sentence and calibrating the sentiment on a Negativity Meter based on their relation to sentiment words. A feature, as defined for the purpose of this thesis, can be a medicine, a side effect or a symptom. The sentiment of each feature is determined by the aggregate of all its polarities with respect to each sentiment word, where the polarity is determined by an inverse relation to the distance of the feature from the sentiment word. Each sentence is then evaluated by the cumulative polarity of all the features contained in it. Sentiment of a review is determined by individually determining the sentiment of each sentence and then getting a weighted sum score of all the sentences in the review. The accuracy of a sentiment analysis system is, in principle, how well it agrees with human judgments. Experimental results, involving human reviewers (extracted from site: www.askapatient.com) and correlating them back to the negativity rating of each review yield conclusive results, demonstrating the effectiveness of the technique. We have also implemented a customized Lucene search on the data using a multi-review summarization approach and a ranking scheme based on the feature-list. Ranking priority is given to the review that has the largest feature list size.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Deepak Yalamanch
FIGURE 1 in A long-lost relic from the Eastern Ghats: Morphology, distribution and habitat of Sepsophis punctatus Beddome, 1870 (Squamata: Scincidae)
No full textFIGURE 1. Distribution of Sepsophis punctatus in the Eastern Ghats. The blue dot represents the type locality and the black dots represent the additional localities where S. punctatus was found.Published as part of <i>Datta-Roy, Aniruddha, Mohapatra, Pratyush P., Dutta, Sushil K., Giri, Varad B., Veerappan, Deepak, Maddock, Simon T., Raj, Prudhvi, Agarwal, Ishan & Karanth, Praveen, 2013, A long-lost relic from the Eastern Ghats: Morphology, distribution and habitat of Sepsophis punctatus Beddome, 1870 (Squamata: Scincidae), pp. 55-62 in Zootaxa 3670 (1)</i> on page 58, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10097988">http://zenodo.org/record/10097988</a>
FIGURE 3. a in A long-lost relic from the Eastern Ghats: Morphology, distribution and habitat of Sepsophis punctatus Beddome, 1870 (Squamata: Scincidae)
No full textFIGURE 3. a: Dorsal view of CES09/985 in life; b: Close up photograph showing the vestigial forelimbs.Published as part of <i>Datta-Roy, Aniruddha, Mohapatra, Pratyush P., Dutta, Sushil K., Giri, Varad B., Veerappan, Deepak, Maddock, Simon T., Raj, Prudhvi, Agarwal, Ishan & Karanth, Praveen, 2013, A long-lost relic from the Eastern Ghats: Morphology, distribution and habitat of Sepsophis punctatus Beddome, 1870 (Squamata: Scincidae), pp. 55-62 in Zootaxa 3670 (1)</i> on page 60, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10097988">http://zenodo.org/record/10097988</a>
FIGURE 2a & 2b in A long-lost relic from the Eastern Ghats: Morphology, distribution and habitat of Sepsophis punctatus Beddome, 1870 (Squamata: Scincidae)
No full textFIGURE 2a & 2b. Photographs of the habitat close to the type locality where CES09/985 was found.Published as part of <i>Datta-Roy, Aniruddha, Mohapatra, Pratyush P., Dutta, Sushil K., Giri, Varad B., Veerappan, Deepak, Maddock, Simon T., Raj, Prudhvi, Agarwal, Ishan & Karanth, Praveen, 2013, A long-lost relic from the Eastern Ghats: Morphology, distribution and habitat of Sepsophis punctatus Beddome, 1870 (Squamata: Scincidae), pp. 55-62 in Zootaxa 3670 (1)</i> on page 59, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3670.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10097988">http://zenodo.org/record/10097988</a>
Cnemaspis uttaraghati Khandekar & Thackeray & Agarwal 2021, sp. nov.
No full textCnemaspis uttaraghati sp. nov. (Figures 2–6; Tables 3 & 4) Holotype. NRC-AA-1122 (AK 1233), adult male, from Kedareshwar caves on Harishchandragad mountain in Kalsubai-Harishchandragad Wildlife Sanctuary, (19.392° N, 73.779° E; ca. 1200 m asl.), Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra state, India, collected by Santosh Saste, Vaibhav Patil and Yogesh Satam on 27 October 2019. Paratypes. BNHS 2799 (AK 1234), adult male, NRC-AA-1123 (AK 1235), BNHS 2800 (AK 1236), adult females, same collection and data as holotype. Etymology. The specific epithet is used as a noun in apposition and is derived from the Sanskrit ‘uttara’ for north and ‘ghat’ for mountains, as this mountain locality represents the currently known northern limit of Cnemaspis distribution in the Western Ghats. Suggested Common Names. Northern dwarf gecko or Harishchandragad dwarf gecko. Diagnosis: A small-sized Cnemaspis, snout to vent length less than 39 mm (n =4). Dorsal pholidosis heterogeneous; weakly keeled, granular scales intermixed with large, weakly keeled, regularly arranged tubercles, enlarged tubercles gradually increasing in size towards flank, lowest row largest, spine-like; eight or nine rows of dorsal tubercles at mid-body, 7–10 paravertebral tubercles between forelimb and hindlimb insertions; ventral scales smooth, sub-imbricate, sub-equal from chest to vent, 27–32 scales across belly at mid-body, 124–132 longitudinal scales from mental to cloaca; subdigital scansors smooth, mostly entire, unnotched; 10–12 lamellae under digit I of manus and 10 or 11 lamellae under digit I of pes, 17 or 18 lamellae under digit IV of manus and 19–22 lamellae under digit IV of pes; males with four femoral pores on each thigh separated medially by 22–24 poreless scales (n =2); dorsal pholidosis of tail with strongly keeled, granular scales, similar in size and shape to granular scales on mid-body dorsum, gradually becoming larger, flattened, imbricate posteriorly, intermixed with enlarged, strongly keeled, distinctly pointed, conical tubercles forming whorls, six tubercles in first eight whorls; median row of subcaudals smooth, slightly enlarged, regularly arranged with condition of two slightly larger scales alternating with a large divided scale. Dorsal colouration greenish-brown with six dark vertebral blotches running from the occiput to the sacrum, speckled with fine saffron granules, limbs with light yellow bands. Comparison with peninsular Indian congeners. Cnemaspis uttaraghati sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other Indian congeners on the basis of the following differing or non-overlapping characters: small-sized Cnemaspis SVL 36–39 mm (versus medium-sized Cnemaspis SVL 40–50 mm in C. anandani Murthy, Anandan, Sengupta & Deepak, C. bangara Agarwal, Thackeray, Pal & Khandekar, C. boiei (Gray), C. chengodumalaensis Cyriac, Palot, Deuti & Umesh, C. jerdonii (Theobald), C. kolhapurensis Giri, Bauer & Gaikwad, C. heteropholis Bauer, C. kottiyoorensis Cyriac & Umesh, C. nairi Inger, Marx & Koshy, C. nilagirica Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, C. graniticola Agarwal, Thackeray, Pal & Khandekar, C. yelagiriensis Agarwal, Thackeray, Pal & Khandekar, C. wynadensis (Beddome), C. ornata (Beddome), and C. thackerayi Khandekar, Gaitonde & Agarwal); large-sized Cnemaspis SVL> 50 mm in C. anamudiensis Cyriac, Johny, Umesh, & Palot, C. beddomei (Theobald), C. maculicollis Cyriac, Johny, Umesh, & Palot, C. magnifica Khandekar, Thackeray, Pal & Agarwal, C. sisparensis (Theobald), C. zacharyi Cyriac, Palot, Deuti & Umesh); spine-like tubercles present on flanks (versus spine-like tubercles absent on flanks in C. aaronbaueri Sayyed, Grismer, Campbell & Dileepkumar, C. adii Srinivasulu, Kumar & Srinivasulu, C. agarwali Khandekar, C. ajijae, C. amba, C. anamudiensis, C. australis Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, C. bangara, C. beddomei, C. boiei, C. chengodumalaensis, C. girii, C. graniticola, C. heteropholis, C. indica (Gray), C. kolhapurensis, C. kottiyoorensis, C. limayei, C. maculicollis, C. magnifica, C. mahabali, C. nairi, C. ornata, C. palakkadensis Sayyed, Cyriac & Dileepkumar, C. ranganaensis Sayyed & Sulakhe, C. shevaroyensis Khandekar, Gaitonde & Agarwal, C. sisparensis, C. thackerayi, C. wynadensis, and C. yelagiriensis, C. zacharyi); scales on dorsal aspect of trunk heterogeneous (versus scales on dorsal aspect of trunk homogeneous in C. adii, C. assamensis Das & Sengupta, C. boiei, C. indica, C. jerdonii, C. kolhapurensis, C. littoralis, C. nilagirica, C. palakkadensis, C. sisparensis, C. wynadensis, and C. zacharyi); caudal tubercles enlarged, strongly keeled, distinctly pointed, forming whorls (versus scales on dorsal aspect of tail smooth, without whorls of enlarged tubercles in C. anamudiensis, C. beddomei, C. boiei, C. chengodumalaensis, C. heteropholis, C. indica, C. kolhapurensis, C. kottiyoorensis, C. maculicollis, C. magnifica, C. sisparensis, C. wynadensis, C. zacharyi); sub-caudal scales smooth, median row slightly enlarged, scales in median row regularly arranged with condition of two slightly larger scale alternating with a large divided scale (versus sub-caudal scales smooth, median row not enlarged in, C. amba, C. ajijae, C. australis, C. flaviventralis, C. girii, C. limayei and C. koynaensis; subcaudal scales smooth, median row distinctly enlarged in C. aaronbaueri, C. agarwali, C. anandani, C. bangara, C. boiei, C. chengodumalaensis, C. gracilis (Beddome), C. graniticola, C. heteropholis, C. indica, C. jerdonii, C. kolhapurensis, C. magnifica, C. nairi, C. nilagirica, C. ornata, C. shevaroyensis, C. sisparensis, C. thackerayi, C. wynadensis, C. yelagiriensis, C. zacharyi; median row of sub-caudal scales slightly enlarged, without slightly larger scale alternating with a large divided scale in C. amboliensis, C. avasabinae Agarwal, Bauer & Khandekar, C. goaensis, C. mahabali, C. monticola, C. mysoriensis (Jerdon), C. otai Das & Bauer, C. rishivalleyensis Agarwal, Thackeray & Khandekar, C. stellapulvis Khandekar, Thackeray &Agarwal and C. yercaudensis Das & Bauer); males with four femoral pores on each thigh, separated medially by 22–24 poreless scales (versus femoral pores absent, only precloacal pores present in C. aaronbaueri, C. anamudiensis, C. beddomei, C. maculicollis, C. nairi, and C. ornata; males with both femoral and precloacal pores present in C. adii, C. agarwali, C. amboliensis, C. australis, C. avasabinae, C. bangara, C. goaensis, C. gracilis, C. graniticola, C. mysoriensis, C. otai, C. ranganaensis, C. rishivalleyensis, C. shevaroyensis, C. stellapulvis, C. thackerayi, C. yelagiriensis, and C. yercaudensis; both femoral and precloacal pores absent in C. assamensis and C. boiei; a continuous series of 26–28 precloacal-femoral pores in C. kolhapurensis). Cnemaspis uttaraghati sp. nov. closely resembles members of girii clade (C. ajijae, C. amba, C. flaviventralis, C. girii, C. koynaensis, C. limayei, C. mahabali). However, it can be further distinguished from all by having 7–10 paravertebral tubercles between forelimb and hindlimb insertions (versus 17–22 paravertebral tubercles between forelimb and hindlimb insertions in C. ajijae and C. amba; 18 in C. flaviventralis, 20–22 in C. girii, 18–25 in C. koynaensis and 13–15 in C. limayei); eight or nine rows of dorsal tubercles at mid-body (versus 11–14 rows of dorsal tubercles at mid-body in C. amba, 12 or 13 in C. flaviventralis, 12–14 in C. girii, and 10–14 in C. koynaensis); 27–32 ventral scales across belly at mid-body (versus 22–24 ventral scales across belly at mid-body in C. amba, 20–26 in C. koynaensis, and 26 in C. mahabali); 124–132 longitudinal ventral scales from mental to cloaca (versus 141–149 longitudinal ventral scales from mental to cloaca in C. amba, and 133–139 in C. girii); 17 or 18 lamellae under digit IV of manus (versus 15 or 16 lamellae under digit IV of manus in C. ajijae, C. flaviventralis and C. mahabali, 15 in C. limayei); SVL up to 36–39 mm (versus maximum SVL III (4.0)> V (3.7)> II (3.6)> I (2.5) (right manus); IV (5.4)> III (4.7)> V (4.5)> II (4.1)> I (2.5) (right pes). Tail original, entire, sub-cylindrical, relatively slender, flattened beneath, slightly longer than snout-vent length (TL/SVL 1.15) (Figure 2C, D). Dorsal scales on tail base strongly keeled, granular, similar in size and shape to granular scales on mid-body dorsum, gradually becoming larger, flattened, imbricate posteriorly, intermixed with enlarged, strongly keeled, distinctly pointed, conical tubercles forming whorls; six tubercles each on first eight whorls (Figure 2C). Scales on ventral aspect of original tail much larger than those on dorsal aspect, sub-imbricate, smooth; median series slightly larger than rest, roughly circular, regularly arranged with two slightly larger scales alternating with a large divided scale; scales on tail base slightly smaller, sub-imbricate, smooth, a single and smooth enlarged postcloacal spur on each side (Figure 2D). Colouration in life. (Figure 5A) Dorsal ground colour of head, body, limbs, and tail light brown; head with numerous dark brown blotches, brille dirty yellow. Dark brown preorbital streak from orbit forming an indistinct preorbital streak on snout; yellow and dark grey alternating bands on upper labials; two dark brown postorbital streaks, upper one small, half the length of lower, which continues until ear-opening. Dorsum with six dark vertebral blotches, each followed by an indistinct light grey blotch speckled with scattered saffron granules; vertebral blotches flanked by same number of blotches forming indistinct wavy cross-bars, minutely speckled with dirty saffron between forelimb and hind insertions; spine-like tubercles dirty yellow. Dorsum of limbs with light yellow bands; digits with alternating dark and dirty yellow markings; dorsum of original portion of tail with alternating dark brown and ashy bands, dark brown bands speckled with saffron, tail tip orangish (Figure 5A, C). Gular, pectoral, abdominal region, and underside of limbs and tail off white with no dark markings; postcloacal spur and conical tubercles in lateral and ventrolateral rows on tail close to the cloacal opening light yellow. Pupil black, iris golden. Variation and additional information from type series. Mensural and meristic data for the type series is given in Table 3 & 4 respectively. There are two male and two female specimens ranging in size from 36.5 mm to 38.9 mm. All specimens resemble the holotype except as follows: two internasal scales separate supranasals on snout in NRC-AA-1123 and BNHS 2800; a two postnasals on each side in BNHS 2799, NRC-AA-1123 and BNHS 2800; outer postmentals bordered by four gular scales on each side in BNHS 2799 outer postmental bordered by four gular scales on right and three on left in NRC-AA-1123 and BNHS 2800. Two paratypes —NRC-AA-1123 and BNHS 2800 with original and complete tails, slightly longer than body (TL/ SVL 1.13 and 1.12 respectively); BNHS 2799 with tail incomplete and regenerated tail tip, detached from the body, slightly shorter than body (TL/ SVL 0.76) (Figure 6A). All paratypes closely agree with the holotype in overall colouration except NRC-AA-1123 with dorsal ground colour of mid-body dorsum olive greenish, vertebral blotches and either side of flank heavily speckled with fine saffron granules (Figure 5B); BNHS 2800 is slightly paler than holotype (Figure 5C); colouration of the regenerated tail of BNHS 2799 is brown, lacking bands (Figure 6A). Distribution and Natural history. Cnemaspis uttaraghati sp. nov. is so far known only from the type locality, Harishchandragad mountain, in Kalsubai-Harishchandragad Wildlife Sanctuary,Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra at an elevation of ca. 1200 m asl. (Figure 1). The individuals of the new species were encountered during a single day of fieldwork in the afternoon (1330–1445 hrs.). All four individuals were seen active, only on vertical basaltic rocks <2m height, inside man-made caves (Figure 7B). A communal egg-laying site containing 11 hatched eggs and a single dark coloured unhatched egg (probably unviable) were seen on a horizontal rock face at approximately 3m height (Figure 7C). These caves are located on a high elevation (~ 1200 m asl.) basaltic plateau, predominantly covered by sparse scrubs and grasses on the top and semi-evergreen forest patches on the slopes (Figure 7A). Hemidactylus maculatus Duméril & Bibron, and H. murrayi Gleadow are the only two other gecko species that were observed in sympatry with the new species.Published as part of Khandekar, Akshay, Thackeray, Tejas & Agarwal, Ishan, 2021, A novel small-bodied rupicolous Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the northern Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India, with comments on the status of C. indraneildasii, Bauer 2000, pp. 331-350 in Zootaxa 4969 (2) on pages 336-345, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4969.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/474911
Cnemaspis rishivalleyensis Agarwal & Thackeray & Khandekar 2020, sp. nov.
No full textCnemaspis rishivalleyensis sp. nov. Figures 2–4, 5A; Tables 3 & 4 Cnemaspis mysoriensis [part] Giri et al. 2009a Holotype. NCBS-BH723 (AK 659), adult male, from Cave Rock Hill, Rishi Valley School (13.632° N 78.457° E; ca. 730 m asl.), Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh state, India, collected by Akshay Khandekar, Ishan Agarwal, Nikhil Gaitonde and Joshua Muyiwa on 12 March 2019. Paratypes. NCBS-BH724 (AK 660), NCBS-BH725 (AK 661), NCBS-BH726 (AK 662), NCBS-BH727 (AK 663), adult females, same collection data as holotype. Etymology. The specific epithet is a toponym for the Rishi Valley, the type and only known locality for the new species. Suggested Common Name. Rishi Valley dwarf gecko Diagnosis: A small-sized Cnemaspis, snout to vent length less than 31 mm. Dorsal pholidosis heterogenous, with weakly keeled granular scales increasing in size towards flank, smallest on paravertebral rows and largest on flanks; intermixed with two or three irregularly arranged rows of large, weakly keeled, distinctly pointed, spinelike tubercles on either side of the flanks. Ventral scales smooth, imbricate, 23–25 scale rows across belly, 102–112 scales in a single longitudinal column from mental to cloaca. Subdigital scansors smooth, entire, unnotched; lamellae under digit IV of pes 17–20. Males with a single femoral pore on each thigh, separated on either side by ten poreless scales from a continuous series of three precloacal pores. Tail with six enlarged, strongly keeled, distinctly pointed, conical tubercles forming whorls; median row of sub-caudals smooth, slightly enlarged. Dorsal colouration grey-brown with a broad, light mid-dorsal streak formed by seven fused elongate chain-links that runs from occiput to tail base, single medial dark spot on nape flanked by a slightly smaller ocellus and two much smaller ocelli, six pairs of dark spots, one on either side of mid-dorsal streak between forelimb insertions and tail base. Comparison with peninsular Indian congeners: Cnemaspis rishivalleyensis sp. nov. can be distinguished from all other Indian congeners on the basis of the following differing or non-overlapping characters: A small-sized Cnemaspis SVL up to 31 mm (versus medium-bodied Cnemaspis SVL 40–50 mm in C. anandani Murthy, Anandan, Sengupta & Deepak, C. bangara Agarwal, Thackeray, Pal & Khandekar, C. graniticola, C. kolhapurensis Giri, Bauer & Gaikwad, C. heteropholis Bauer, C. kottiyoorensis Cyriac & Umesh, C. nilagirica Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, C. sisparensis (Theobald), C. wynadensis (Beddome), C. ornata (Beddome), and C. yelagiriensis Agarwal, Thackeray, Pal & Khandekar; large-sized Cnemaspis SVL> 50 mm in C. anamudiensis Cyriac, Johny, Umesh, & Palot, C. beddomei (Theobald), C. maculicollis Cyriac, Johny, Umesh, & Palot, C. nairi Inger, Marx & Koshy); spine-like tubercles present on flanks (versus spine-like tubercles absent in C. aaronbaueri Sayyed, Grismer, Campbell & Dileepkumar, C. adii Srinivasulu, Kumar & Srinivasulu, C. agarwali Khandekar, C. ajijae Sayyed, Pyron & Dileepkumar, C. amba Khandekar, Thackeray & Agarwal, C. anamudiensis, C. bangara, C. beddomei, C. boiei, C. girii Mirza, Pal, Bhosale & Sanap, C. gracilis (Beddome), C. graniticola, C. heteropholis, C. indica Gray, C. kolhapurensis, C. kottiyoorensis, C. limayei Sayyed, Pyron & Dileepkumar, C. maculicollis, C. mahabali Sayyed, Pyron & Dileepkumar, C. nairi, C. ornata, C. otai, C. shevaroyensis Khandekar, Gaitonde & Agarwal, C. sisparensis, C. thackerayi Khandekar, Gaitonde & Agarwal, C. wynadensis, C. yelagiriensis, C. yercaudensis) scales on dorsal aspect of trunk heterogeneous (versus scales on dorsal aspect of trunk homogeneous in C. adii, C. assamensis, C. australis, C. boiei, C. indica, C. jerdonii (Theobald), C. kolhapurensis, C. littoralis Jerdon, C. nilagirica and C. sisparensis); tail with median row of sub-caudal scales smooth and slightly enlarged (versus median row of sub-caudal scales smooth and not enlarged in C. adii, C. amba, C. ajijae, C. flaviventralis, C. girii, C. limayei, and C. koynaensis; C. amboliensis Sayyed, Pyron & Dileepkumar, C. australis Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, C. goaensis Sharma, C. monticola Manamendra-Arachchi, Batuwita & Pethiyagoda, with keeled sub-caudals; median row of subcaudal scales smooth and distinctly enlarged in C. adii, C. agarwali, C. boiei, C. gracilis, C. heteropholis, C. indica, C. jerdonii, C. kolhapurensis, C. nairi, C. nilagirica, C. ornata, C. shevaroyensis, C. sisparensis, C. thackerayi, and C. wynadensis; males with single femoral pore on each thigh, separated on either side by ten poreless scales from continuous series of three precloacal pores (versus precloacal pores absent, femoral pores present in C. ajijae, C. flaviventralis, C. girii, C. indica, C. jerdonii, C. kottiyoorensis, C. limayei, C. littoralis, C. mahabali, C. sisparensis, C. heteropholis, C. wynadensis; only precloacal pores present in C. aaronbaueri, C. anamudiensis, C. beddomei, C. maculicollis, C. nairi, C. ornata , C. avasabinae Agarwal, Bauer & Khandekar; both femoral and precloacal pores absent in C. boiei, and C. assamensis Das & Sengupta; two femoral and two precloacal pores in C. adii; 4–6 femoral pores, separated on either side by eight poreless scales from four precloacal pores, precloacal pores separated medially by a single poreless scale in C. agarwali; four or five femoral and three precloacal pores in C. australis; two femoral pores on each thigh, separated on either side by 11 poreless scales from continuous series of two precloacal pores in C. bangara; 2–4 femoral and three precloacal pores in C. goaensis; 3–5 femoral pores, separated on either side by 7–10 poreless scales from two precloacal pores, precloacal pores separated medially by two poreless scales in C. gracilis; two femoral and two precloacal pores in C. mysoriensis; three femoral and four precloacal pores in C. otai; three femoral pores on each thigh, separated on either side by eight or nine poreless scales from continuous series of four precloacal pores in C. graniticola; four femoral pores, separated on either side by 7–9 poreless scales from 2–4 precloacal pores, precloacal pores separated medially by two or three poreless scales in C. shevaroyensis; 5–9 femoral pores, separated on either side by 1–6 poreless scales from five or six precloacal pores, precloacal pores separated medially by one or two poreless scales in C. thackerayi; three femoral pores, separated on either side by five or six poreless scales from two precloacal pores in C. yercaudensis; a continuous series of 26–28 precloacal-femoral pores in C. kolhapurensis). Description of the holotype. Adult male in good state of preservation except for a 3.1 mm long incision below the sternal region for tissue collection (Fig. 2B). SVL 30.8 mm, head short (HL/SVL 0.26), wide (HW/HL 0.66), not strongly depressed (HD/HL 0.43), distinctly larger from neck. Loreal region slightly inflated, canthus rostralis not prominent. Snout less than half head length (ES/HL 0.46), 2.5 times eye diameter (ED/ES 0.39); scales on snout and canthus rostralis large, round, weakly keeled, juxtaposed; much larger than those on forehead and interorbital region; occipital and temporal region with much smaller granular scales (Fig. 3A). Eye small (ED/HL 0.18); with round pupil; orbit with extra-brillar fringe scales that are largest anteriorly; supraciliaries not elongate. Tympanum deeply recessed, ear-opening small (EL/HL 0.04); eye to ear distance more than one and half times diameter of eye (EE/ED 1.73) (Fig. 3C). Rostral much wider (1.4 mm) than high (0.6 mm), incompletely divided dorsally by a strongly developed rostral groove for more than half of its length; single enlarged supranasal on each side, twice the size of postnasals, separated from each other by enlarged single internasal and two much smaller scales on the snout; rostral in contact with supralabial I, nasal, supranasal and internasal; nostrils oval, bordered by postnasals, supranasal and rostral; two rows of scales separate the orbit from the supralabials (Fig. 3C). Mental enlarged, subtriangular, wider (1.8 mm) than long (1.2 mm); two pairs of postmentals, inner pair large, roughly rectangular, in contact with each other behind mental, bordered by mental, infralabial I, outer postmentals and two enlarged chin shields on right and three on left; outer postmentals slightly smaller than inner postmentals, roughly circular, bordered by inner postmentals, infralabial I and II, and four enlarged chin shields; three enlarged gular scales prevent contact of left and right outer postmentals; chin shields bordering postmentals flat, smooth, smaller than outermost postmentals, rest small, smooth and flat, not granular. Infralabials bordered below by a row of slightly enlarged scales, decreasing in size posteriorly (Fig. 3B). Supralabials up to angle of jaw nine (L) — eight (R) and six at midorbital position on both sides; supralabial I largest, decreasing in size posteriorly; infralabials up to angle of jaw seven (L) — six (R) and five at midorbital position on both sides; infralabial I largest, infralabials decreasing in size posteriorly (Fig. 3C). Six extra-brillar fringe scales on both sides, interorbital scale rows across narrowest point of frontal eight or nine; 31 or 32 scale rows between left and right supraciliaries at midorbit (Fig. 3A). Body relatively slender, trunk less than half of SVL (AGL/SVL 0.41) without ventrolateral folds. Dorsal pholidosis heterogenous, with weakly keeled granular scales increasing in size towards flank, smallest on paravertebral rows and largest on flanks; intermixed with two or three irregularly arranged rows of large, weakly keeled, distinctly pointed, spine-like tubercles on either side of the flanks (Fig. 2A). Granular scales on nape slightly smaller than those on paravertebral rows, smaller still on occiput (Fig. 2A). Scales on flank slightly larger than those on dorsum, weakly keeled, somewhat conical. Ventral scales approximately thrice the size of granular scales on dorsum, those on belly smooth, imbricate, subequal from chest to vent; mid-body scale rows across belly 25; 103 ventral scales in a single row from mental to anterior border of cloaca (Fig. 2B). Scales on pectoral region slightly smaller than those on belly, still smaller on throat, flat and sub-imbricate; gular region with much smaller, flattened scales, with those on chin bordering postmentals, enlarged, juxtaposed and flattened (Fig. 3B). Single femoral pore on each thigh, separated on either side by ten poreless scales from a continuous series of three precloacal pores (Fig. 3D). Scales on palm and sole smooth, flat and roughly circular; scales on dorsal aspect of manus and pes heterogenous, upper arm with scales much larger than dorsal granules, weakly keeled, imbricate; those near forelimb insertion much smaller; dorsal aspect of lower arm and elbow with scales much smaller than those on upper arm, weakly keeled, flat, roughly rounded; dorsal aspect of manus predominantly bearing large, flattened, weakly keeled, imbricate scales. Ventral aspect of upper arm with smooth, roughly rounded, weakly conical granules; scales on lower arm and wrist larger, smooth, weakly imbricate. Scales on dorsal aspect of thigh much larger than dorsal granules, weakly keeled, imbricate except those near hindlimb insertion which are much smaller, conical granules. Scales on dorsal aspect of knee and shank slightly smaller than those on dorsum of thigh, subimbricate, weakly keeled; dorsal aspect of foot predominantly bearing small, flattened, weakly keeled, imbricate scales; Scales on ventral aspect of thigh and shank larger than those on mid-body ventrals (Fig. 2B). Fore and hindlimbs slightly long, slender (LAL/ SVL 0.13); (CL/SVL 0.16); digits long, with a strong, recurved claw, distinctly inflected, distal portions laterally compressed conspicuously. Series of unpaired lamellae on basal portion of digits, separated from narrower distal lamellae by a single large scale at the inflection; proximal lamellae series: 1-4-5-5-4 (right manus; Fig. 3E), 1-5-5-7-5 (right pes; Fig. 3F), 1-4-5-5-4 (left manus), 1-6-6-7-5 (left pes); distal lamellae series: 9-12-13-12-12 (right manus; Fig. 3E), 9-13-14-13-13 (right pes; Fig. 3F), 9-11-13-12-12 (left manus), 9-13-14-13-13 (left pes). Relative length of digits (measurements in mm in parentheses): IV (2.4)> III (2.3)> II (2.1) = V (2.1)> I (1.4) (right manus); IV (3.5)> V (3.1) = III (3.1)> II (2.5)> I (1.5) (right pes). Tail entire and original, subcylindrical, relatively slender, flattened beneath, slightly longer than snout-vent length (TL/SVL 1.22) (Fig. 2C, D). Dorsal scales at tail base granular, similar in size and shape to those on midbody dorsals, gradually becoming larger, flatter, subimbricate posteriorly, intermixed with much enlarged, strongly keeled, distinctly pointed, conical tubercles forming whorls; six tubercles on first nine or ten whorls. Scales on ventral aspect of original tail much larger than those on dorsal aspect, imbricate, smooth, with a series of three enlarged subcaudal scales of which the median series is slightly larger than adjunct two rows, roughly hexagonal; those on tail base much smaller, imbricate and smooth, a single enlarged postcloacal spur on each side (Fig. 2C). Colouration in life. (Fig. 4A) Dorsal ground colour of head, body, limbs and tail grey-brown; head mottled, with fine light and dark speckles and larger dark blotches. Fine dark brown preorbital streak runs from supralabial II to orbit, two fine dark brown postorbital streaks extend till neck; labials light grey/ brown with lighter and darker bars. A straw-coloured mid-dorsal streak that is formed by seven fused elongate chain-links runs from occiput to tail base; a dark ocellus fringed by a few orange scales anterior to forelimb insertions forms the posterior boundary of the first chain-link, flanked on either side by a similar, smaller ocellus and two much smaller ocelli close to forelimb insertions; followed by six indistinct dumbbell-shaped crossbars at the posterior boundary of each chain link consisting of paired dark brown blotches connected by a narrow, less distinct cross-bar. Flank with smaller dark spots and light yellow markings. Tail suffused with orange, with 10 incomplete bands. Dorsum of forelimbs with few light and dark blotches, hindlimbs with brown bands and two strong dark streaks on the posterior of femur, digits with alternating dark and light bands, tail tip black. Ventral surfaces dull-white, mottled with brown under limbs especially prominent under forelimbs, throat with a pair of light grey longitudinal stripes on each side, no dark markings on belly, underside of tail lined by a fine dark border. Pupil black, iris silver with an orange streak toward the posterior of the pupil. Variation and additional information from type series. Mensural and meristic data for the type series is given in Table 3 & 4 respectively. There are four female specimens ranging in size from 25.5 mm to 30.7 mm. All paratypes resemble the holotype except as follows: Two large gular scales bordering inner postmental pair in NCBS-BH724, NCBS-BH725 and NCBS-BH726. Outer postmentals bordered by three gular scales on left and four on right in NCBS-BH726; Three paratypes— NCBS-BH724, NCBS-BH727 and NCBS-BH726, with original and complete tails (except NCBS-BH725 of which tail is missing) slightly longer than body (TL/ SVL 1.25, and 1.14 respectively), NCBS-BH726 with tail marginally shorter than body (TL/ SVL 0.96). All paratypes closely agree with the holotype in colouration and patterns except NCBS-BH724 which is slightly darker (Fig. 5A). Distribution and Natural history. Cnemaspis rishivalleyensis sp. nov. has only been collected from its type locality, Cave Rock Hill in Rishi Valley School, Chittoor District, Andhra Pradesh, India. One specimen was collected from under a rock in the cave of Cave Rock in the daytime, another was seen at dusk on a rock, and the rest were collected from the base of large rocks at night. The species appears largely nocturnal and at least partially terrestrial. Sympatric geckos at the type locality include Cnemaspis graniticola, Hemidactylus rishivalleyensis sp. nov., Hemidactylus giganteus Stoliczka, Hemidactylus triedrus Daudin, Hemidactylus frenatus Duméril & Bibron, Hemidactylus leschenaultii Duméril & Bibron.Published as part of Agarwal, Ishan, Thackeray, Tejas & Khandekar, Akshay, 2020, Geckos in the granite: two new geckos (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from rocky, scrub habitats in Rishi Valley, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 451-474 in Zootaxa 4838 (4) on pages 454-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4838.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/448661
A High Speed Arithmetic Logic Unit using ROMs
No full textThere is a flurry of activities going on in designing high speed circuits. Area, speed and
power dissipation are crucial parameters for competitive advantage. Fixed point
operations like multiplication is an operation essential to signal processing applications
such as Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) algorithms, digital filter implementation. Scientific
and engineering applications demand exceptionally high floating point performance. For
such stringent requirements, design of fast, precise and efficient Arithmetic Logic Unit
(ALU) is the goal of every design engineer.
In this thesis work, a novel design of ALU is presented. The design makes use of two
read only memories (ROMs) for the purpose of addition and multiplication and thereby
can be used for other operations like subtraction and division. An indigenous algorithm is
developed to implement the design. ModelSim SE 5.5e and Xilinx ISE 6.1i tools are used
for simulation and generating synthesis report. The synthesis report of the proposed
design compares device utilization and timing summary of the design implanted on Field
Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) and Complex Programmable Logic Devices (CPLD).Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Thapar institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala
Building Thermal Performance Varies During Extreme Heat within Cities
No full textabstract: This document has been superseded by our peer-reviewed publication:
Building Thermal Performance, Climate Change, and Urban Heat Vulnerability, Matthew Nahlik, Mikhail Chester, Stephanie Pincetl, David Eisenman, Deepak Sivaraman, and Paul English, 2017, ASCE Journal of Infrastructure Systems, 23(3), doi:10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000349
The publication is available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)IS.1943-555X.0000349
The leading source of weather-related deaths in the United States is heat, and future projections show that the frequency, duration, and intensity of heat events will increase in the Southwest. Presently, there is a dearth of knowledge about how infrastructure may perform during heat waves or could contribute to social vulnerability. To understand how buildings perform in heat and potentially stress people, indoor air temperature changes when air conditioning is inaccessible are modeled for building archetypes in Los Angeles, California, and Phoenix, Arizona, when air conditioning is inaccessible is estimated. An energy simulation model is used to estimate how quickly indoor air temperature changes when building archetypes are exposed to extreme heat. Building age and geometry (which together determine the building envelope material composition) are found to be the strongest indicators of thermal envelope performance. Older neighborhoods in Los Angeles and Phoenix (often more centrally located in the metropolitan areas) are found to contain the buildings whose interiors warm the fastest, raising particular concern because these regions are also forecast to experience temperature increases. To combat infrastructure vulnerability and provide heat refuge for residents, incentives should be adopted to strategically retrofit buildings where both socially vulnerable populations reside and increasing temperatures are forecast
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