1,354,745 research outputs found
Compliance with Standard Occupational Health and Safety Measures and Associated Factors Among Small-Scale Metal Industry Workers in Central Ethiopia
No full textAbel Afework,1,2 Aiggan Tamene,3– 5 Abera Tafa2 1Center for Sustainable Development, Addis Abeba University, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia; 2Infection Prevention and Control department, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia; 3Centre for Sustainability, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; 4Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand; 5Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Wachemo, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Abel Afework, Email [email protected]: Compliance with workplace health and safety measures can result in considerable reduction in workplace injuries and fatalities and attributed economic costs. However, majority of studies conducted in small-scale industries in numerous countries, including Ethiopia focused on the prevalence of occupational injuries and there is a paucity of evidence on level of employees’ adherence to safety measures and the associated factors. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess workers’ compliance and factors associated with occupational health and safety practices in small-scale metal industries in Central Ethiopia.Methods: This study was conducted in Central Ethiopia. A total of 415 small-scale metal workers were included in this study. Study participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A structured interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data were entered using EPI Info version 7.2 and exported to IBM-SPSS Version 22 for further cleaning and analysis. Bivariate and multivariate Binary Logistic Regression were conducted to determine association and during the multivariable regression variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered significantly associated factors.Results: The study found a 39.3% (95% CI: 34.7, 44.1) prevalence of good compliance with safety and health measures among small-scale metal workers. Temporary employed workers were less likely to adhere [AOR=0.43, 95% CI (0.21, 0.93)] and workers who received training were more likely to adhere [AOR=5.75, 95% CI (2.56, 12.9)] to safety precautions. Other significantly associated variables included work experience, working at night, and satisfaction with the current salary.Conclusion: This study sheds light on small-scale metal workers’ commitment to workplace safety and health procedures, indicating a compliance rate of 39.3%, which is low. Temporary employees and less experienced workers are less likely to follow health and safety precautions. Workplace health and safety training are associated with increased safety precautions.Keywords: safety compliance, health and safety, small-scale industries, metal workers, Ethiopi
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The effects of the shape of tooth profile modifications on the transmission error, bending, and contact stress of spur gears
No full textNowadays, the basic requirements of gear transmissions are not limited to resistance and reliability, but often include good efficiency and low vibration and noise emissions. This article investigates the role of tooth flank micro-geometry in fulfilling these needs. A non-linear finite element approach has been conceived and exploited to investigate in detail the influence
of the shape of profile modifications (PMs) on transmission error, root stress, and contact pressure.
In this approach, the contact between teeth flanks is handled by ABAQUS general purpose contact algorithm without introducing any simplification based on gear geometry peculiarities.
The boundary conditions are defined so that it is possible to automatically run a sequence of static analyses. The numerical results are first assessed by comparison with experimental measurements and then a comparison of contact and bending stresses of the same gear with long linear and long circular PMs is presented and discussed. The results of these comparisons show
that the optimal amount of PMs is not independent of PM shape; hence, the procedures used to design linear PMs cannot be directly applied to the design of non-linear PMs
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
A neglected source of household air pollution? A preliminary, mixed methods study of purposely produced household smoke in Wollo, Ethiopia
No full textBackground Ill health associated with Household Air Pollution (HAP) is increasingly recognised as a public health problem in sub-Saharan Africa. To date, attempts to reduce HAP have focussed on smoke from cooking fires and have ignored traditional cultural practices which generate Purposely Produced Smoke (PPS). This study aimed to investigate prevalence of PPS use, reasons for use and perceptions of PPS safety. MethodsThe study was conducted in Wollo, Ethiopia, and used a mixed methods approach of quantitative surveys (analysed descriptively) and qualitative interviews with householders and healthcare workers (analysed thematically). ResultsPPS use was reported by 99% of survey respondents and it was considered a fundamental part of life; reasons for use included housekeeping, culture/religion and wellbeing. Both householders and healthcare workers appeared to assume PPS is safe except for people with certain underlying conditions. Healthcare workers felt the lack of evidence of harm from PPS meant there was no justification for intervention. ConclusionThis study, the first in-depth study of PPS, has shown its use to be widespread, with many perceived benefits and thus a very important part of local culture in this sample Ethiopian community. Consequently, any public health interventions aimed at reducing HAP in this setting need to consider PPS. <br/
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Prevalence of Occupational Accidents and the Associated Factors Among Janitorial Staff at a University Teaching Hospital in South Ethiopia
No full textAbel Afework,1 Aiggan Tamene,2 Abera Tafa,1 Amanuel Tesfaye,1 Sisay Gemede1 1Infection Prevention and Control Department, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia; 2Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Wachemo University, Wachemo, EthiopiaCorrespondence: Abel Afework, Email [email protected]: The healthcare industry is widely regarded as a high-risk environment for workers’ occupational health and safety. As a result, healthcare workers are constantly exposed to a wide range of hazards, including biological, chemical, physical, ergonomic, and psychosocial hazards. Consequently, janitorial staff are the most vulnerable section of the healthcare workforce to occupational injuries when compared to others due to the nature of their work. Therefore, this study aims at assessing the magnitude of occupational accidents and associated factors among Janitorial staff at Dilla University Teaching Hospital.Methods: This cross-sectional institutional-based study was conducted from August to September 2022 at a University Teaching Hospital in South Ethiopia. A total of 105 janitorial staff were included in the study with a response rate of 93.8%. The data were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were entered using Epi Info version 7.2.5 and exported to IBM SPSS statistics 22 for further cleaning and analysis. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify predictors of occupational accidents and variables with a p-value of < 0.05 during the multivariable analysis were considered statistically significant.Results: The prevalence of occupational accidents is 61% (95% CI: 51.4, 70.5). Of the total study participants, 52 (45.5%) and 33 (31.4%) of the participants had reported that they have experienced chemical splash and needle stick injury, respectively. The age of participants was one of the factors for occupational accidents. The participants who did not receive training were 3 times [AOR=2.9, 95% CI (1.04, 8.02)] more likely exposed. Having good practice was protective against occupational injuries.Conclusion: The study highlights the high prevalence of occupational accidents, particularly chemical splashes, and needle stick injuries, among janitors in the study settings. The study emphasizes the importance of age, training, awareness, and adherence to infection prevention and control strategies as factors influencing the likelihood of experiencing occupational injuries.Keywords: occupational accident, occupational injury, chemical splash, needle stick injury, sharp injur
sj-docx-1-ehi-10.1177_11786302221080825 – Supplemental material for Moving Up the Sanitation Ladder: A Study of the Coverage and Utilization of Improved Sanitation Facilities and Associated Factors Among Households in Southern Ethiopia
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-ehi-10.1177_11786302221080825 for Moving Up the Sanitation Ladder: A Study of the Coverage and Utilization of Improved Sanitation Facilities and Associated Factors Among Households in Southern Ethiopia by Abel Afework, Hunachew Beyene, Adane Ermias and Aiggan Tamene in Environmental Health Insights</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Suggestions for the socio-economic perspective in the Ramsar Guidelines on agriculture-wetland interactions
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