1,720,961 research outputs found
Abundance and diurnal activity patterns of hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus Temminck,) in Addis Ababa abattoirs enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
No full textHooded vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) is an African endemic scavenger listed as Critically Endangered species. The population is declining across its range and there is threat of significant decline in population and distribution in Ethiopia. Little efforts have been made to properly document the status of vulture population and their diurnal activity patterns in the country for ensuring long term conservation measures. A study was conducted in Addis Ababa Abattoirs enterprise, Ethiopia from November 2019 to January 2020 to investigate the abundance and diurnal activity patterns of hooded vultures. The abundance of these vultures was estimated by direct counts method at their feeding sites and scan sampling was employed to study the diurnal activity patterns of hooded vultures from dawn to dusk. Hooded vulture mean abundance was 216±40 at the abattoir. Their diurnal activity pattern showed that they were observed feeding, resting (perching, watching and basking), preening, roosting and others activities such as walking, drinking, chasing and flying. They spent 37.73% of their time in resting followed by others (including walking, drinking, chasing and flying) (27.73%). The major threat recorded for theses vultures in the abattoir includes shortage of food, human disturbances, negative attitudes and lack of awareness on the importance of the species. Further ecological studies and impacts of human activities on Addis Ababa Abattoirs enterprise should be conducted for the conservation of hooded vulture and other conspecifics in the area
Abundance and diurnal activity patterns of hooded vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus Temminck,) in Addis Ababa abattoirs enterprise, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Get PDFHooded vulture (Necrosyrtes monachus) is an African endemic scavenger listed as Critically Endangered species. The population is declining across its range and there is threat of significant decline in population and distribution in Ethiopia. Little efforts have been made to properly document the status of vulture population and their diurnal activity patterns in the country for ensuring long term conservation measures. A study was conducted in Addis Ababa Abattoirs enterprise, Ethiopia from November 2019 to January 2020 to investigate the abundance and diurnal activity patterns of hooded vultures. The abundance of these vultures was estimated by direct counts method at their feeding sites and scan sampling was employed to study the diurnal activity patterns of hooded vultures from dawn to dusk. Hooded vulture mean abundance was 216±40 at the abattoir. Their diurnal activity pattern showed that they were observed feeding, resting (perching, watching and basking), preening, roosting and others activities such as walking, drinking, chasing and flying. They spent 37.73% of their time in resting followed by others (including walking, drinking, chasing and flying) (27.73%). The major threat recorded for theses vultures in the abattoir includes shortage of food, human disturbances, negative attitudes and lack of awareness on the importance of the species. Further ecological studies and impacts of human activities on Addis Ababa Abattoirs enterprise should be conducted for the conservation of hooded vulture and other conspecifics in the area
Avian diversity, species composition and habitat association in Lebu natural protected forest, southwest Showa, Ethiopiav
No full textForests embody much of Earth’s ecosystem, species and genetic diversity. They have the largest reservoir of plants and animals on land. The diversity of birds in the forest fragments is still poorly documented, especially at spatial resolution of practical use for conservation. This study was conducted to determine the species composition, diversity and habitat association of avian fauna in Lebu Natural Protected Forest, Southwest Showa, Ethiopia. The survey was carried out from March to April 2019 during the dry season. The study area was classified into three discrete habitat types including natural forest, farmland and riverine forest which represent strata in a stratified random sample. Avian species were sampled from 20 randomly selected points in each of the habitat types and sighting within 30-50 meters radius was employed to record and identify birds. A total of 55 bird species belonging to 12 orders and 32 families were identified and recorded. Order Passeriformes was abundant with the highest relative abundance of 63.90 % (n = 370), while helmeted Guinea fowl Numida meleagris (13.13%) under the order Galliformes was the dominant bird species. The highest Shannon-Weiner diversity index and evenness index were recorded from the riverine forest (H′ = 2.99 and E = 0.85) while the lowest from the farmland habitat (H′ = 2.24 and E = 0.75). There were variations in species richness and abundance between the three habitats. These findings suggest the potential of the forest in supporting important bird communities and further suggest its conservation value for integrating economic gain of the local community through ecotourism.
Key words/phrases: Abundance, Bird survey, Lebu forest, Species diversit
Diurnal activity patterns and feeding behaviour of African jacana (Actophilornis africanus Gmelin) in Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia
No full textBirds exhibit great flexibility in adjusting time budget to maintain their daily requirements. A study on the activity pattern and feeding behaviour of African jacana (Actophilornis africanus Gmelin) was carried out along the shore of Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia, during the wet (July and August) and dry (January and February) seasons. Scan sampling method was used to study the activity patterns of African jacana. Focal sampling method with 10 minutes observation duration was used to study its feeding behaviour. African jacana were observed engaged in daily activities of feeding, scanning, flying, preening, resting, and showing other antagonistic activities where the feeding activity comprised the highest proportion during both the wet (40.1%) and dry (45.6%) seasons. Time allocated to different activities varied with the different time of the day where African jacanas were predominantly active in the morning and late in the afternoon. There was a statistically significant variation in the type of food consumed by African jacana during the wet season (F1, 39 = 7.86, p < 0.05). They feed primarily on insect (63.7%) followed by worms (16.2), larvae of insects (5.4), snails (5%), seed (3.7%) and other food items (6%). During the dry season, there was also a significant difference in the type of food consumed (F1, 39 = 3.11, p < 0.05). They primarily fed on insects (55.6%) followed by worms (12.2 %), larvae of insects (8.2%), snails (7.1%) seed (6.5%) and others (10.3%). There was no significance difference in the type of food consumed between the wet and dry seasons (F1, 39 =1.48, p > 0.05). Further ecological studies and impact of human activities on Lake Hawassa should be conducted for the conservation of the bird and other sympatric species
Diurnal activity patterns and feeding behaviour of African jacana (Actophilornis africanus Gmelin) in Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia
Get PDFBirds exhibit great flexibility in adjusting time budget to maintain their daily requirements. A study on the activity pattern and feeding behaviour of African jacana (Actophilornis africanus Gmelin) was carried out along the shore of Lake Hawassa, Ethiopia, during the wet (July and August) and dry (January and February) seasons. Scan sampling method was used to study the activity patterns of African jacana. Focal sampling method with 10 minutes observation duration was used to study its feeding behaviour. African jacana were observed engaged in daily activities of feeding, scanning, flying, preening, resting, and showing other antagonistic activities where the feeding activity comprised the highest proportion during both the wet (40.1%) and dry (45.6%) seasons. Time allocated to different activities varied with the different time of the day where African jacanas were predominantly active in the morning and late in the afternoon. There was a statistically significant variation in the type of food consumed by African jacana during the wet season (F1, 39 = 7.86, p < 0.05). They feed primarily on insect (63.7%) followed by worms (16.2), larvae of insects (5.4), snails (5%), seed (3.7%) and other food items (6%). During the dry season, there was also a significant difference in the type of food consumed (F1, 39 = 3.11, p < 0.05). They primarily fed on insects (55.6%) followed by worms (12.2 %), larvae of insects (8.2%), snails (7.1%) seed (6.5%) and others (10.3%). There was no significance difference in the type of food consumed between the wet and dry seasons (F1, 39 =1.48, p > 0.05). Further ecological studies and impact of human activities on Lake Hawassa should be conducted for the conservation of the bird and other sympatric species
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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