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Variations in tongue pressure in relation to age, gender, body mass index, and oral conditions
Get PDFPurpose
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of age, gender, and body mass index (BMI) on tongue pressure and to evaluate the correlation between tongue pressure and oral conditions such as tongue volume (TV), the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the masseter muscle, the maximum occlusal force (MOF), and the occlusal contact area (OCA) in healthy individuals. Additionally, the correlation between maximum tongue pressure (MTP) and swallowing tongue pressure (STP) was also analyzed.
Materials and methods
10 healthy young individuals (5 males and 5 females; ≤ 40 years) and 10 healthy elderly individuals (5 males and 5 females; ≥ 60 years) with normal oral structures and swallowing function were included in this study. TV (cm3) and CSA of masseter muscle (cm2) were evaluated after 3D reconstruction of the tongue and masseter muscle by importing the DICOM data of each participants MRI into the 3D image analysis software (Mimics 19.0; Materialise NV, Leuven, Belgium). MOF (N) and OCA (mm2) were calculated using an occlusal force analysis system (Dental Prescale II, GC Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). MTP and STP (kPa) were measured by using the JMS tongue pressure measurement device (TPM-02, JMS Co., Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan). The students t-test was used to compare the variables between the groups: the young adult and the elderly, or the male and female, respectively. To determine the influence of age, gender, and BMI on tongue pressure, multiple linear regression analysis for MTP and STP was performed. The correlations between tongue pressure and TV, CSA, MOF, and OCA, as well as the correlation between MTP and STP, were assessed using Pearsons correlation analysis. All statistical analyses in this study were performed using SPSS version 25.0 software. A p value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The results showed that age had a significant effect on MTP (p = 0.012), with a mean value of 40.33 (± 8.15) kPa for young adults and 29.59 (± 9.08) kPa for the elderly. In multiple regression analysis, it was indicated that 0.325 kPa of MTP was reduced when a year of age was increased, and it was statistically significant (p = 0.005). However, there were no significant differences in MTP for gender (p = 0.320) and BMI (p = 0.764). Concerning STP, neither age, gender, nor BMI had a significant effect on STP. In correlation analysis, there were significant positive correlations between MTP and oral conditions such as right CSA of the masseter muscle (r = 0.485, p = 0.030), left CSA of the masseter muscle (r = 0.531, p = 0.016), and MOF (r = 0.544, p = 0.013). Regarding STP, no variables were significantly correlated with STP. However, there was a positive correlation between MTP and STP with a correlation coefficient of 0.496 and a p value of 0.026.
Conclusion
It can be concluded that MTP is age-dependent and STP could be sustained at a certain level for a lifetime, and there was a significant positive correlation between MTP and STP. Moreover, it can also be concluded that oral conditions such as CSA of the masseter muscle, and MOF had a considerable effect on MTP.Contents
I. Introduction 1
II. Materials and methods 6
III. Results 11
IV. Discussion 13
V. Conclusion 19
References 20
Tables 26
Figures 32
Abstract in Korean 39박
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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