1,758 research outputs found
Georg Hermann.
No full textThe internationally renowned author of numerous novels, essays, and articles, Georg Hermann, was born as Georg Borchardt in Berlin-Friedenau on October 7, 1871, the youngest of six children in a well-established Jewish family. Later in life he used his father’s first name Hermann as his surname when writing. Contrary to the expectations for a young man from a reputable family, Hermann did not pursue the Abitur exam in a Gymnasium (secondary school), but instead received a one-year certificate in 1890, leaving school to become an apprentice salesman at a tie company. From 1896 until 1899 he worked in the Statistical Office of Berlin, at the same time attending literature and art history lectures at the University of Berlin. Afterwards he worked as a freelance writer and art critic.His first book, 'Spielkinder', was published in 1896, but he did not become well-known until 1906, with the publication of 'Jettchen Gebert', followed by its sequel, 'Henriette Jacoby'. These novels told the story of the life of a young woman living in Jewish Berlin during the Biedermeier period of the 1820s and 1830s. Politically active, Georg Hermann was also a member of the Central-Verein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens.Having become known for his pacifist tendencies through his writing, and because of his Jewish heritage, Georg Hermann and his family fled to Holland shortly after the burning of the Reichstag in 1933. Although the rest of his family was saved from the Nazis after their occupation of Holland in 1943, Georg Hermann was sent to the Dutch concentration camp of Westerbork. On November 16, 1943 he was transported to Auschwitz and either died during transport or shortly after his arrival.Digital ImageRecord added to DigiTool. Aleph record suppressed. J. Palmisano 09/15/2010
Georg Hermann Collection 1837-2001
No full textThis collection depicts the life and work of the author Georg Hermann. The main focus of this collection is his literary estate, and the collection contains extensive manuscripts of both his fiction and non-fiction writings, including novels, shorter fiction, essays, and articles. In addition, it also holds correspondence, clippings, photos, official documents and papers, writings by others about Georg Hermann and his work, and a few photos.digitize
Portrait of Georg Hermann.
No full textHead of a man in profile. Signed, titled and numbered IV-3 along bottom.The internationally renowned author of numerous novels, essays, and articles, Georg Hermann, was born as Georg Borchardt in Berlin-Friedenau on October 7, 1871, the youngest of six children in a well-established Jewish family. Later in life he used his father’s first name Hermann as his surname when writing. Contrary to the expectations for a young man from a reputable family, Hermann did not pursue the Abitur exam in a Gymnasium (secondary school), but instead received a one-year certificate in 1890, leaving school to become an apprentice salesman at a tie company. From 1896 until 1899 he worked in the Statistical Office of Berlin, at the same time attending literature and art history lectures at the University of Berlin. Afterwards he worked as a freelance writer and art critic.His first book, 'Spielkinder', was published in 1896, but he did not become well-known until 1906, with the publication of 'Jettchen Gebert', followed by its sequel, 'Henriette Jacoby'. These novels told the story of the life of a young woman living in Jewish Berlin during the Biedermeier period of the 1820s and 1830s. Politically active, Georg Hermann was also a member of the Central-Verein deutscher Staatsbürger jüdischen Glaubens.Having become known for his pacifist tendencies through his writing, and because of his Jewish heritage, Georg Hermann and his family fled to Holland shortly after the burning of the Reichstag in 1933. Although the rest of his family was saved from the Nazis after their occupation of Holland in 1943, Georg Hermann was sent to the Dutch concentration camp of Westerbork. On November 16, 1943 he was transported to Auschwitz and either died during transport or shortly after his arrival.Hermann Struck was born Chaim Aaron ben David in 1876 in Germany. He is best known as a master etcher, lithographer and early Zionist. He studied for five years at the Berlin Academy and in 1908 wrote Die Kunst des Radierens (The Art of Etching), while mentoring artists such as Marc Chagall, Max Liebermann and Lesser Ury. His art was included in an exhibition at the Fifth Zionist Congress and he helped establish the religious Zionist movement called Mizrachi. Struck was an Orthodox Jew but believed that culture and religion could thrive cooperatively in Israel. He immigrated to Haifa where he created an artists' community and participated in the development of the Tel Aviv Museum and the Bezalel art school in Jerusalem. He died in 1944.digitizedDigital imag
Gertrud and Friedrich Hermann Family Collection 1908-1962
No full textThis collection holds the papers of Gertrud and Friedrich Hermann. The majority of the material found here documents Friedrich Hermann's education and his professional career as a lawyer, although material concerning his wife Gertrud and other members of the family is also present. The collection contains a typescript, correspondence, official documents, and clippings.Prominent among the papers in this collection are the documents relating to the two well-known writers Johannes Urzidil and Fritz von Unruh.2 buttons owned by Renee N. Herman's father, Willy Neuman, were transferred to the LBI Art and Objects CollectionThe lawyer Friedrich Hermann was born as Fritz Salomon in Gent, Belgium, on December 20th, 1902, the son of the merchant Hermann Salomon and his wife Toni (?). After attending school in Belgium and Germany he studied law in Frankfurt a. M., Munich, and Freiburg i. B. and received his doctorate diploma in 1926. He was admitted to the bar in Frankfurt in 1928. In 1933 he was disbarred and no longer allowed to practice law. He emigrated to New York in 1935 (?) where he changed his name to Friedrich Hermann and started to work in the hop business.Friedrich Hermann's first wife Gertrud (née Reinemann) was born on December 18th, 1907 in Frankfurt a. M. She was trained as a kindergarten teacher. The Hermann couple was acquainted with the Czech-German author Johannes Urzidil (1896-1970); Gertrud Hermann was also in contact with the German expressionist writer Fritz von Unruh (1885-1970).In the early 1960s Friedrich Hermann married a second time. The name of the second wife of Friedrich Hermann was Renee (née Neuman). Her father, Willy Neumann, who died in 1919, owned a racing stable.digitize
Hermann Broch Collection 1939-1967
No full textThe collection contains correspondence of Hermann Broch, as well as several manuscripts by him.Correspondence contained in the collection includes transcripts of correspondence among Hermann Broch, Georg Landauer,
and Leo Lauterbach, with discussion of poet Abraham Sonne (Avraham Ben-Yitzhak); two letters from The Viking Press to Broch with
rejections of books he submitted; 11 letters from Sibylle (Billy) Lieben, daughter of author Franz Blei, regarding efforts to secure
Blei's immigration to the United States during 1940 and 1941; and five typewritten and signed letters from Hermann Broch to
author Hans Reisiger, which contain updates from Broch on his work. Also included is correspondence between sculptor Irma Rothstein
and the Leo Baeck Institute regarding busts she made of Hermann Broch; and a photocopy of Hermann Broch's report on his
efforts to help writers escape from Europe during World War II.Manuscripts contained in the collection include :Manuscript: "An Autobiography as Program for Future Work". Undated; English, 30 p. (fragment); typed.
Exploration of philosophical theory in political science: absolutism vs. relativism in values and ethics of contemporary political
life.Manuscript: "Die Heimfahrt des Vergil. Roman". Undated; German, 3 p.; typed. Review and analysis of
his book by the same title.Manuscript: "Pros und Cons zu Prof. GURIANS Einwaenden gegen Weltstaat- Projekte". 1947; German, 6
p.; typed. Problems of the realization of a one-world state, through the United Nations, in a Cold War world.Manuscript: "The Bewitchment". Undated; English, 4 p.; typed. Summary of major issues considered in
the novel of the same title.Five letters to Hans Reisiger on permanent loan from Judaica Conservancy Foundation.On permanent loan Judaica Conservancy FoundationAuthor, born 1886 in Vienna. Died 1951 in New Haven.The original German-language inventory is available in the folderProcessed for digitizatio
Hollow fiber oxygenators with novel coating: activating potency and clinical application
No full textEntzündungsreaktionen und Gerinnungsstörungen nach Operationen mit extrakorporaler Zirkulation (EKZ) werden als Postperfusionssyndrom (PPS) bezeichnet und sind wesentlich an postoperativer Morbidität und Mortalität in der Herzchirurgie beteiligt. Die pathophysiologischen Vorgänge umfassen die Aktivierung und Schädigung verschiedenster humoraler und zellulärer Systeme wie Gerinnung, Fibrinolyse, Komplementsystem, Erythrozyten, Leukozyten und Thrombozyten.
In der hier vorliegenden randomisierten und doppelblinden Studie sollte der Einfluss der Beschichtung des Oxygenators auf diese Systeme geklärt werden. Hierzu wurden klinische und Laborparameter von 36 männlichen Patienten erhoben, die sich bei koronarer Herzkrankheit einer elektiven aortokoronaren Bypassoperation unterzogen. Dabei wurde entweder ein Oxygenator mit Phosphoryl-cholinbeschichtung (Synthesis, n=19) oder ohne Beschichtung (Monolyth, n=17) eingesetzt. Blutentnahmen mit Bestimmung von Hb, Erythrozyten-, Leukozyten- und Thrombozytenzahl sowie TCC (Terminaler Komplementkomplex), TAT (Thrombin Antithrombin III Komplex) und Tumornekrosefaktor sCD40L erfolgten AZP1=präoperativ, AZP2=nach 20 Minuten EKZ, AZP3=am Ende der EKZ, AZP4=6 Stunden nach Ende der EKZ, AZP5=24 Stunden nach Ende der EKZ, AZP6=72 Stunden nach Ende der EKZ.
Bei biometrischen Daten und präoperativen Parametern ergaben sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den beiden Gruppen. EKZ- und OP-Dauer waren in der Monolyth-Gruppe länger als in der Synthesis-Gruppe (98 vs. 85 min; bzw. 225 vs. 199 min), und auch die Anzahl operierter Bypässe war in der Gruppe mit dem unbeschichteten Oxygenator größer, allerdings waren die Unterschiede nach Bonferroni Korrektur nicht signifikant. Die weiteren operativen Parameter zeigten praktisch keine Unterschiede.
Im postoperativen Verlauf etwa bei Blutverlust über die Thoraxdrainage und deren Liegezeit, Transfusionsbedarf, Dauer der künstlichen Beatmung und des Aufenthaltes auf Intensiv- und Wachstation sowie des gesamten Klinikaufenthaltes konnten ebenfalls keine signifikanten Unterschiede festgestellt werden.
Auch die gemessenen Laborparameter der beiden Gruppen unterschieden sich zu keinem Zeitpunkt nach Bonferroni Korrektur signifikant, obwohl die Unterschiede vor dieser statistischen Korrektur beträchtlich und im t-Test signifikant waren: Bei den hämatokritkorrigierten Hb-Werten fielen niedrigere Werte in der Synthesis-Gruppe auf, am deutlichsten bei AZP 2 (13,4 vs. 14,6 g/dl; p=0,029). Die Komplementaktivierung war in der Phosphorylcholin-Gruppe ausgeprägter als in der unbeschichteten Gruppe (TCC 2576,4 vs. 1373,8 ng/ml bei AZP3; p=0,002). Die Bedeutung dieses Befundes hinsichtlich des PPS ist jedoch auch vor dem Hintergrund der publizierten Literatur unklar.
Eine Beschichtung der Fremdoberflächen der EKZ hat auch bei zahlreichen anderen Substanzen keine wesentlichen klinischen Vorteile erbracht mit Ausnahme der Heparin-Beschichtung bei langdauernder EKZ wie bei bestimmten Herzunterstützungssystemen. Problem dieser Studien ebenso wie bei der hier vorgelegten ist, dass für abgesicherte signifikante Unterschiede bei den zahlreichen Einflußvariablen so große Patientenzahlen erforderlich sind, dass eine praktische Umsetzung kaum verwirklichbar ist. Andererseits ist die tatsächliche klinische Bedeutung vieler Laborparameter wie etwa der Komplementaktivierung noch nicht geklärt.Inflammatory reactions and coagulation failure after operations with extracorporeal circulation (ECC), so called post pump perfusion syndrome (PPS), contribute considerably to morbidity and mortality after heart surgery. The pathophysiological processes contain activation and damage of different humoral and cellular systems like coagulation, fibrinolysis, complement system, red and white blood cells and platelets.
By the present randomized double blind study we wanted to reveal the influence of the oxygenator coating to this systems. For that we collected clinical and biological parameters of 36 male patients who undergo elective aortocoronary bypass grafting. Thereby we used either an oxygenator with phosphoryl coating (Synthesis, n=19) or a non-coated oxygenator (Monolyth, n=17). Blood samples were taken at AZP1= before surgery, at AZP2=after 20 minutes of ECC, at AZP3=at the end of ECC, at AZP4=6 hours after end of ECC, at AZP5=24 hours after end of ECC and at AZP6=72 hours after end of ECC, to determine levels of hemoglobin, red and white blood cells, platelets, TCC (terminal complement complex), TAT (thrombin antithrombin III complex) and tumor necrosis factor sCD40L.
There were no significant difference in biometric and preoperative parameters for the two groups. ECC and operation time were longer in the Monolyth-group than in the Synthesis-group (98 vs. 85 min respectively 225 vs. 199 min) and also the number of grafted bypasses were higher in the group with the non-coated oxygenator, but the difference was not significant after Bonferroni-correction. The further operation parameters showed practically no differences.
Postoperative outcome characteristics like blood loss by thoracic drain and duration of draining, transfusion requirement, ventilation time, stay in intensive care unit and recovery room and hospital stay were without significant difference.
The detected laboratory parameters of the two groups did not differ significantly after Bonferroni-correction at any time as well, although the differences were considerable before statistical correction and significant in t-test : We remarked lower values for hematocrit-corrected hemoglobin in the Synthesis-group, most obvious at AZP 2 (13.4 vs. 14.6 g/dl ; p=0.029). Complement activation was more distinct in phophorylcholin-coated group than in the non-coated group (TCC 2576.4 vs. 1373.8 ng/ml at AZP3 ; p=0.002). But the interest of this result in the context of published studies is not clear.
Surface coating did not generate important clinical advantages by using number of other substances except for heparin-coating for long-standing ECC like heart-support systems. The problem of these studies as well as of the present study is the great number of patients needed to achieve confirmed significant differences among the numerous influencing factors, so they become hardly realisable. Otherwise the effective clinical interest of lots of laboratory parameters such as complement activation are not cleared up yet
Bemerkungen zum Gedicht „Traum“ von Hermann Stehr
No full textBemerkungen zum Gedicht „Traum“ von Hermann Stehr Der Aufsatz setzt sich mit einem bis jetzt noch unveröffentlichten Gedicht von Hermann Stehr mit dem Titel Traum auseinander. Das Manuskript wurde in der Bibliothek der Universität Wrocław gefunden. Der Autor beschreibt die Geschichte des Fundes dieser Handschrift, wie auch das Motiv des Traumes im Schaffen Hermann Stehrs. Das Ziel dieses Beitrages war weniger eine eindeutige Interpretation dieses Gedichtes als seine Positionierung im Nachlass des Dichters. Das Gedicht bestätigt die Bezeichnung Hermann Stehrs als den „Seelendichter“. Some remarks about the poem Traum by Hermann Stehr The text describes the heretofore unpublished poem Traum written by Hermann Stehr. It has been found in the Library of the University of Wrocław. The author of the text attempted to present the history of the manuscript’s finding and the motif of dream in Stehr’s writings. His aim was not an unequivocal interpretation of the poem but rather placing it in the author’s literary output. The poem consolidates the author’s nickname „Soul Poet“.Bemerkungen zum Gedicht „Traum“ von Hermann Stehr Der Aufsatz setzt sich mit einem bis jetzt noch unveröffentlichten Gedicht von Hermann Stehr mit dem Titel Traum auseinander. Das Manuskript wurde in der Bibliothek der Universität Wrocław gefunden. Der Autor beschreibt die Geschichte des Fundes dieser Handschrift, wie auch das Motiv des Traumes im Schaffen Hermann Stehrs. Das Ziel dieses Beitrages war weniger eine eindeutige Interpretation dieses Gedichtes als seine Positionierung im Nachlass des Dichters. Das Gedicht bestätigt die Bezeichnung Hermann Stehrs als den „Seelendichter“. Some remarks about the poem Traum by Hermann Stehr The text describes the heretofore unpublished poem Traum written by Hermann Stehr. It has been found in the Library of the University of Wrocław. The author of the text attempted to present the history of the manuscript’s finding and the motif of dream in Stehr’s writings. His aim was not an unequivocal interpretation of the poem but rather placing it in the author’s literary output. The poem consolidates the author’s nickname „Soul Poet“
Analysis of calcium homeostasis of human cardiac tissue in a microperfusion chamber
No full textInhalt dieser Arbeit war es ein dem Herzmuskelgewebe kongruentes humanes Myokardmodell zu entwickeln und damit fluoreszenzmikroskopisch die intrazellulären Calciumregulationsmechanismen und ihre Rolle beim Reperfusionsschaden bzw. der Apoptoseinduktion zu untersuchen.
Dazu wurde eine spezielle Mikroperfusionskammer eingesetzt, in der die Kardiomyozytenzellverbände durch ein Kunststoffnetz schonend fixiert werden konnten. Für eine simultane Untersuchung von mit Fluoreszenzfarbstoff beladenen und nicht beladenen Zellverbänden wurde eine doppelt gekammerte Mikroperfusionskammer entwickelt, in der für die beiden gleichzeitig perfundierten Zellverbände die selben Verhältnisse herrschten.
Die Untersuchung der Calciumhomöostase erfolgte zunächst unter Perfusion mit Calcium-haltiger und Calcium-freier Krebs-Henseleit-Lösung. Anschließend wurden Hypoxie- und Reperfusions-Versuche unter Kühlung und Stickoxyd- bzw. Carbogenbegasung durchgeführt. Hierbei erfolgte eine Einteilung in verschiedene Gruppen (Kardioplegie/Hypoxie/Reperfusion, Hypoxie/Reperfusion). Dabei befanden sich in dem unteren Teil der Mikroperfusionskammer nicht mit Fluoreszenzfarbstoff beladene Zellverbände. Diese wurden anschließend zu Kryoschnitten verarbeitet, auf einen Objektträger aufgebracht und mit PARP-1 Antikörpern ((Anti-Poly-ADP-Ribose)-Polymerase-1) auf stattgehabte Apoptose untersucht.
Verwendet wurde für die Untersuchung der Calciumregulation Fura-2 AM. Dies ist ein Fluoreszenzfarbstoff, der neben der calciumsensitiven Anregungswellenlänge auch eine calciuminsensitive Anregungswellenlänge von 380 nm hat. Emissonswellenlänge ist jeweils 510 nm. Aus dem Verhältnis der gemessenen Fluoreszenzintensitäten wurde das Ratui R = calciumsensitiv340 nm / calciuminsensitiv380 nm berechnet. So konnten Störfaktoren bei der Untersuchung der Calciumregulation der Kardiomyozytenzelllverbände minimiert werden.
Bei der Grundlagenversuchen (N = 10) bestand bei den Kardiomyozyten eine intakte Calciumhomöostase. Nach Calcium-Entzug wurde ein Fallen der Ratiokurve um 0,15 ± 0,04 Ratioeinheiten beobachtet, sie stieg nach Calciumgabe wieder an und erreichte dann ihren Ausgangswert mit 1,60 ± 0,05 wieder (p < 0,05), hier Delta Ratio = RatiowertVersuchsende – RatiowertVersuchsanfang kleiner gleich 0,01.
Die Ergebnisse der fluorenzenzmikrosopischen Calcium-Messung (N = 60) zeigen, dass mit der Dauer der Hypoxie- und Reperfusionsphase ohne vorherige Perfusion mit Kardioplegielösung Delta Ratio = RatiowertVersuchsende – RatiowertVersuchsanfang signifikant anstieg: 20/7 min Hypoxie/Reperfusion Delta Ratio = 0,06, 40/13 min Hypoxie/Reperfusion Delta-Ratio = 0,15 und 60/20 min Hypoxie/Reperfusion Delta Ratio = 0,25 (hierfür p < 0,05). Im Gegensatz hierzu ergab sich bei gleichen Hypoxie- und Reperfusionszeiten jedoch mit Kardioplegiegabe jeweils ein Delta Ratio kleiner gleich 0,02 ohne signifikanten Calcium-Anstieg am Ende der Untersuchungen (p < 0,05). Dies spricht dafür, dass in den Gruppen ohne Kardioplegie die Calciumrückregulation nicht mehr intakt ist und dies als Ausdruck der Zellschädigung angesehen werden kann.
Die Anzahl apoptotischer Zellen in der PARP-1 Färbung nahm gleichermaßen zu: In den Versuchen ohne vorherige Kardioplegie-Perfusion waren insgesamt bei 20/7 min Hypoxie/Reperfusion 21,9%, nach 40/13 min Hypoxie/Reperfusion 40,3% und nach 60/20 min Hypoxie/Reperfusion 57,9% der Zellen apoptotisch, während es in der Gruppen mit Kardioplegie kleiner gleich 15,6 % (bei 60/20 min Hypoxie/Reperfusion) zu einem signifikant geringeren Anteil apoptotischer Zelen kam (p < 0,05). Dies lässt auf eine Korrelation zwischen Delta Ratio und Anzahl apoptotischer Zellen pro Gesichtsfeld schließen.
Es ergab sich somit eine zeitabhängige Zunahme der Apoptose-Rate bei Hypoxie/Reperfusion in den PARP Untersuchungen, die mit einem Calcium-Overload in der Perfusionsuntersuchungen korrelierte. Dies konnte durch vorherige Kardioplegiegaben vermindert werden.
Zusammenfassend lässt sich aus dieser Pilotuntersuchung schließen, dass das in dieser Arbeit entwickelte Versuchmodell mit einer Mikroperfusionskammer und einem angepassten Perfusionsystem zur Untersuchung von Physiologie und Pathophysiologie sowei Apoptose nach Hypoxie und Reperfusion bei Kardiomyozyten im Zellverband geeignet ist und weitere Erkenntnisse darüber liefern könnte.The aim of this analysis was to develope adequate human cardiomyocyte models to investigate calcium homeostatsis and apotosis after simulation of hypoxia and reperfusion in a microperfusion chamber.
A tissue model of human cardiomyocytes preserving the complex tissue environment was established.
Cardiac biopsies were retrieved from the right auricle of patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting before cardiopulmonary bypass. The biopsies were submitted to varied conditions simulating hypoxia (hyp) and reperfusion (rep) in a microperfusion chamber. hyp/rep time sets were 20/7, 40/13 and 60/20 min. For analyses of the calcium homoeostasis the fluorescent calcium ion indicator FURA-2 and for apoptosis detection PARP-1 cleavage immunostaining were employed.
Fluorescence images of FURA-2 loaded cardiac specimens were obtained at excitation wavelengths of 340 nm and 380 nm, with an emission wavelength of 510 nm. Via FURA-2 the intracellular calcium concentration can be displayed by using ratio values 340/380 to minimize negative effects.
For evaluation of the impact on the calcium homoeostasis in the cardiomyocytes the initial and final calcium ratio values had to be analyzed. This was defined as Delta-ratio; Delta-ratio = ratiofinal-ratioinitial. Significant (p < 0.05) differences between both values were interpreted as calcium overload as a sign of disarranged calcium homoeostasis. Viable cardiomyocytes presented an intact calcium homoeostasis under physiologic conditions; Delta-ratio < 0,01.
Following cardioplegia and reperfusion a time-dependent elevation of cytosolic calcium as a sign of disarrangement of the calcium homoeostasis occurred. In the cardiac specimens treated with cardioplegia and reperfusion no significant (p < 0.05) cytosolic calcium increase and homoeostasis disarrangement could be detected, Delta ratio less than or equal 0,02.
In the control groups with non-cardioplegia and reperfusion ratiofinal was significantly (p < 0.05) higher than the ratioinitial values, resulting in elevated Delta-ratio values correlating positively with the duration of hypoxia and reperfusion times: hyp/rep 20/7 min Delta Ratio = 0,06, hyp/rep 40/13 min Delta-Ratio = 0,15 and hyp/rep 60/20 min Delta Ratio = 0,25 (p < 0,05).
PARP-1 cleavage also showed a time-dependence whereas reperfusion had the highest impact on apoptosis. The longer the hypoxia and reperfusion periods lasted the higher was the number of PARP-1 positive or apoptotic cardiomyocytes hyp/rep 20/7 21,9%, hyp/rep 40/13 40,3% and hyp/rep 60/20 57,9%. Cardioplegia could significantly (p < 0.05) reduce apoptosis compared to cardiomyocytes not subjected to cardioplegia (hyp/rep 60/20 min less than or equal 15,6 % apoptotic cardiomyocytes).
In conclusion this human cardiac preparation served as a reliable cellular model tool to study calcium homeostasis and apoptosis in vitro. The apoptotic damage induced by the ischemia/reperfusion stimulus could be significantly reduced by the cold crystalloid cardioplegia
Musikstädte as real and imaginary soundscapes: urban musical images as literary motifs in twentieth-century German modernism
No full textPhDThis study examines German literary images of musical life as part of the wider sound identity of the modern German city at the turn of the twentieth century. Focussing on a forty-year period from 1890 to 1930, synonymous with the emergence of the modern German metropolis as an aesthetic object, the project assesses, compares and contrasts how musical life in the Musikstädte was perceived and portrayed by writers in an increasingly noisy urban environment. How does urban musical life influence and condition city writings? What are the differences and similarities between the writings on various musical cities? Can an urban textual sound identity be derived from these differences and similarities? The approach employed to answer these questions is a new, cross-disciplinary one to urban sound in literature, moving beyond reading the key sounds of the urban soundscape using urban musicology, sensorial anthropology and cultural poetics towards a literary contextualisation of the urban aural experience.
The literary motifs of the symphony, the gramophone and urban noise are put under the spotlight through the analysis of a wide range of modernist works by authors who have a special relationship with music. At the centre of this analysis are the Kaffeehausliteratur authors Hermann Bahr, Alfred Polgar and Peter Altenberg, the then Munich-based author Thomas Mann and the lesser known René Schickele. The analysis of these particular works is framed in the music-geographical context of the Musikstadt and literary underpinnings of this topos, ranging from Ingeborg Bachmann to Hans Mayer and, once again, Thomas Mann. In analysing these texts, the methodological approach devised by Strohm, who identifies the blending of a range of urban sounds as a definition of urban space and identity, is applied. His ideas combine historical literary
analysis, musical history and urban sociology. They are rarely used in the analysis of the auditory environment.Arts and Humanities Research Council
Westfield TrustWestfield Trust Studentship
Arts and Humanities Reseach Council (AHRC
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