1,720,968 research outputs found
The effectiveness and safety of proton radiation therapy for indications of the eye : a systematic review
No full textBACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: : Proton radiation has been used for the treatment of
uveal melanoma since 1975, but few studies have been conducted to assess its
efficacy and safety. This paper aims to systematically review the effects and
side effects of proton therapy for any indication of the eye.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: : A range of databases were searched from inception to
2007. All studies that included at least ten patients and that assessed the
efficacy or safety of proton therapy for any indication of the eye were included.
RESULTS: : The search generated 2,385 references, of which 37 met the inclusion
criteria. Five controlled trials, two comparative studies and 30 case series were
found, most often reporting on uveal melanoma, choroidal melanoma and age-related
macular degeneration (AMD). Methodological quality of these studies was poor.
Studies were characterized by large differences in radiation techniques applied
within the studies, and by variation in patient characteristics within and
between studies. Results for uveal melanoma and choroidal melanoma suggest
favorable survival, with, however, significant rates of side effects. Results for
choroidal hemangioma and AMD did not reveal beneficial effects from proton
radiation.
CONCLUSION: : There is limited evidence on the effectiveness and safety of proton
radiation due to the lack of well-designed and well-reported studies. There is a
need to lift evidence on proton therapy to a higher level by performing
dose-finding randomized controlled trials (RCTs), comparative studies of proton
radiation versus standard given alternatives and prospective case studies
enrolling only patients treated with up-to-date techniques, allowing
extrapolation of results to similar patient groups.Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Protonenstrahltherapien für ophthalmologische Indikationen.
Eine systematische Übersicht
Hintergrund und Ziel: Protonenstrahlen werden seit 1975 zur Behandlung von Uveamelanomen eingesetzt, aber nur wenige
Studien haben die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit der Behandlung untersucht. Ziel dieser Studie war die Erstellung einer systematischen
Übersicht der Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Protonenstrahltherapien für alle ophthalmologischen Indikationen.
Material und Methodik: Suche in diversen Databanken über den Zeitraum von der Einführung bis zum Jahr 2007. Einbezogen
wurden alle Studien, in die mindestens zehn Patienten eingeschlossen wurden und deren Ziel es war, die Wirksamkeit oder Verträglichkeit
der Protonenstrahltherapie für beliebige ophthalmologische Indikationen zu untersuchen.
Ergebnisse: Die Suche ergab 2 385 Treffer; davon erfüllten 37 Studien die Selektionskriterien. Es handelte sich um fünf kontrollierte
Studien, zwei vergleichende Studien und 30 Fallstudien. Die meisten Arbeiten betrafen Uveamelanome, Aderhautmelanome
und altersbedingte Makuladegeneration (AMD). Die methodische Qualität dieser Studien war niedrig. Es bestanden große
Unterschiede bei den angewendeten Strahlungsprotokollen und den Patienteneigenschaften, nicht nur zwischen, sondern auch
innerhalb der Studien. Die Resultate für Uveamelanome und Aderhautmelanome wiesen auf einen positiven Effekt bezüglich der Überlebensrate hin, allerdings in Verbindung mit beachtlichen Komplikationsraten. Die Ergebnisse für Aderhautmelanome und
AMD zeigten keine günstigen Auswirkungen der Protonstrahlbehandlung.
Schussfolgerung: Aufgrund des Mangels an gut geplanten und gut dokumentierten Studien ist die Evidenz für die Wirksamkeit
und Sicherheit der Protonenstrahlbehandlung gering. Um einen höheren Evidenzgrad zu erreichen, ist es erforderlich, randomisierte,
kontrollierte Studien (RCTs) zur Dosisfindung und zum Vergleich zwischen Standard- und Protonenstrahltherapie in
einem prospektiven Design unter Anwendung moderner Techniken durchzuführen, was die Extrapolation der Daten auf ähnliche
Patientengruppen zulässt
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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