1,720,954 research outputs found
The Legal Regulation of the Formation and Powers of Municipalities in Tunisia and Libya: A Comparative Analytical Study
Get PDFتلعب البلدية دوراً هاماً باعتبارها وحدة اقليمية محلية، ويجب أن تكون مستقلة في ممارسة اختصاصاتها وذلك لتحقيق أهداف الدولة الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والسياسية....إلخ.
وإن التطورات عل المستوى السياسي في دولة تونس وليبيا انعكست بالضرورة على نظم الإدارة المحلية فيها بشكلٍ عام، والتنظيم البلدي بشكلٍ خاص والتي من أهم مخرجاتها صدور القانون رقم (29) لسنة 2018م والمتعلق بالجماعات المحلية في تونس، والقانون رقم (59) لسنة 2012م بشأن الإدارة المحلية في ليبيا. وبمقارنة تلك القوانين نجد أن القانون التونسي جاء متطوراً في أحكامه ولا سيما فيما يتعلق بالتنظيم البلدي وخاصةً فيما يتعلق بتشكيل واختصاصات البلدية.
وذلك ما يحتم علينا محاولة لفهم نقاط التوافق والاختلاف في التنظيم القانوني للبلدية في ليبيا وتونس بغية الوصول إلى نتائج قد تفيد في تطوير تنظيم قانوني متميز للبلدية في ليبيا.The municipality plays an important role as a local territorial unit, and must be independent in exercising its powers in order to achieve the state’s economic, social, political, etc. goals.The developments at the political level in the states of Tunisia and Libya were necessarily reflected in their local administration systems in general, and municipal organization in particular, the most important of which was the issuance of Law No. (29) of 2018 AD regarding local communities in Tunisia, and Law No. (59) of 2012 AD regarding administration. Local in Libya. By comparing these laws, we find that Tunisian law is advanced in its provisions, especially with regard to municipal organization, and especially with regard to the formation and competencies of the municipality.This makes it necessary for us to try to understand the points of agreement and difference in the legal organization of the municipality in Libya and Tunisia in order to reach results that may be useful in developing a distinct legal organization of the municipality in Libya
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Authority of Establishment and Constitution-Making: An In-Depth Study in Light of Public Law Jurisprudence
Get PDFالسلطة التأسيسية تتمتع بصلاحيات واسعة عند وضع الدستور الجديد، إذ يمكنها هجر نظام سياسي متبع، ويمكنها أن تأخذ بالنهج الاقتصادي الذي تراه ملائماً للمجتمع. والسلطة التأسيسية الأصلية ذات طبيعة خارجه عن القانون، وهذا ما يفسر عدم خضوعها لأي قاعدة قانونية باعتبارها تنشئ في فترات الفراغ القانوني، وبالتالي تؤسس وتضع القواعد المؤطرة للنظام في الدولة الناشئة أو الجديدة. وإن كان لانتشار الأفكار الديمقراطية في العصر الحديث والتي تنادي بأن السيادة للشعب أو الأمة، فإنه لا يمكن إنكار حقيقة الأفكار التي طرحت في موضوع تحديد صاحب السلطة التأسيسية والتي لا يمكن دحضها في الواقع العملي، وخاصة في الحالات التي تكون للقوة دوراً في تغيير النظام في الدولة. كما أن أساليب وضع الدستور قد تكون مشتركة، ولكن ليست محددة قانونا، بمعنى أن السلطة التأسيسية ليست مقيدة بهذه الاساليب، بمعنى آخر يمكن استخدام أي من هذه الاساليب، كما يمكننا المزج بينها أو تستخدم وصفاً لم يتم استخدامه من قبل.The constituent authority enjoys broad powers when drafting a new constitution. It can abandon an existing political system and adopt the economic approach it deems appropriate for society. The original constituent authority is extralegal in nature, which explains why it is not subject to any legal basis, given that it is established during periods of legal vacuum. Despite the spread of democratic ideas in the modern era, which advocate that sovereignty resides in the people or the nation, the truth of the ideas put forward regarding the definition of the holder of constituent authority cannot be denied and cannot be refuted in practice. This means that the constituent authority is not restricted to these methods. In other words, it is possible to use any of these methods, or it is possible to combine them, or to use a description that has not been used befor
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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