272 research outputs found
An Impact of Biofield Treatment: Antimycobacterial Susceptibility Potential Using BACTEC 460/MGIT-TB System
No full textCopyright: ©2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The aim was to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment modality on mycobacterial strains in relation to antimycobacterials susceptibility. Mycobacterial sensitivity was analysed using 12 B BACTEC vials on the BACTEC 460 TB machine in 39 lab isolates (sputum samples) from stored stock cultures. Two American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) strains were also used to assess the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antimicrobials (Mycobacterium smegmatis 14468 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis 25177). Rifampicin, ethambutol and streptomycin in treated samples showed increased susceptibility as 3.33%, 3.33 % and 400.6%, respectively, as compared to control in extensive drug resistance (XDR) strains. Pyrazinamide showed 300 % susceptibility as compared to control in multidrug resistance (MDR) strains. Isoniazide did not show any improvement of susceptibility pattern against treated either in XDR or MDR strains of Mycobacterium as compared to control. Besides susceptibility, the resistance pattern of treated group was reduced in case of isoniazide (26.7%), rifampicin (27.6%), pyrazinamide (31.4%), ethambutol (33.43%) and streptomycin (41.3%) as compared to the untreated group of XDR strains. The MIC values of few antimicrobials were also altered in the treated group of Mycobacterium smegmatis
Evaluation of Phenotyping and Genotyping Characterization of Serratia marcescens after Biofield Treatment
No full textCopyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Serratia marcescens (S. marcescens) is Gram-negative bacterium, associated with hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), especially urinary tract and wound infections. The present study was aimed to evaluate the impact of biofield treatment on phenotyping and genotyping characteristics such as antimicrobial susceptibility, biochemical reactions, biotype, DNA polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship of S. marcescens (ATCC 13880). The lyophilized cells of S. marcescens were divided into three groups (G1, G2, and G3). Control group (G1) and treated groups (G2 and G3) of S. marcescens cells assessed with respect to antimicrobial susceptibility, and biochemical reactions. In addition to that, samples from different groups of S. marcescens were evaluated for DNA polymorphism by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and 16S rDNA sequencing in order to establish the phylogenetic relationship of S. marcescens with different bacterial species. The treated cells of S. marcescens showed an alteration of 10.34% and 34.48 % antimicrobials in G2 and G3 on 10th day, respectively as compared to control. The significant changes of biochemical reactions were also observed in treated groups of S. marcescens. The RAPD data showed an average range of 16-49.2 % of polymorphism in treated samples as compared to control. Based on nucleotid
The unified force framework: from electron dynamics to cosmic motion
No full textThis document presents an original theoretical framework developed by Pradyumna Trivedi, exploring a novel approach to gravity and force unification. The idea proposes that gravitational and other fundamental forces can be understood through a density-based interaction model — where differences in spatial density create a dynamic balance analogous to quantum interactions between charged particles.
The research re-examines key assumptions of Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity and suggests an alternative model that treats mass-energy interactions as harmonic density couplings rather than curvature effects. This approach leads toward the formulation of a unified force equation that mathematically links gravitational, electromagnetic, and quantum forces through a single potential function.
The work includes theoretical reasoning, comparative analysis with relativistic predictions, and the development of foundational equations consistent with observed gravitational behavior.
The author welcomes constructive peer review and scientific discussion to refine, test, and further develop this model.
Author:
Pradyumna Trivedi
Class 12, Humanities Student, Noida, India
[email protected]
License:
Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0)
Note:
For researchers or professors interested in detailed mathematical derivations and unified force formulations, please contact the author at the email above
Influence of Biofield Treatment on Physical and Structural Characteristics of Barium Oxide and Zinc Sulfide
No full textjlop.1000122 Copyright: © 2015 Trivedi MK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Alcolyra Trivedi & Mitra & Ng 2022, n. gen.
No full textGenus Alcolyra n. gen. Type species. Philyra alcocki Kemp, 1915 by present designation. Gender of genus. Feminine Diagnosis. Carapace suborbicular, slightly longer than broad; dorsal surface convex, minutely granulated, covered with scattered punctae, regions relatively distinct; gastric, cardiac, branchial, intestinal regions elevated with patches of granules (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D). Front anterior margin almost straight with single median tooth projecting beyond visible margin of epistome, epistome and anterior boundaries of pterygostomian regions not projecting beyond the edge of front (1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, 3D). Median ridge faint, undulating posteriorly, running from frontal region posteriorly merging with elevated intestinal region (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, 3D). Hepatic region excavated forming broad shallow depression, upper and lower margins lined with small rounded granules, not merging anteriorly, posteriorly, depression joining anterolateral margin as well-marked obtuse angle (Figs.1A, B, D, 2A, B, D, 3A, 3D). Branchial region with 2 rows of tubercles. Anterolateral, posterolateral and posterior carapace margins granulated (Figs. 1B, 2B, 3A, 3D). Posterior carapace margin concave with broadly triangular blunt teeth on lateral sides (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, 3D). Third maxilliped with surfaces granular; ischium longer than wide, longer than merus; exopod elongated, expanded, outer margin convex (Figs. 1C, 2C, 5B). Adult cheliped not prominently elongate or swollen; surfaces minutely granular; merus cylindrical, cutting edges of fingers with narrow gape (Figs. 1A, 2A). Ambulatory legs slender, smooth (Figs. 1F, 2F). Male thoracic sternite 8 visible when pleon closed, between margins of pleonal somites 2 and 3; sternites covered with scattered punctae; outer lateral margin of sternite 4 swollen forming longitudinal ridge on either side in adults; sternite 5 with large tubercle near inner lateral margin on each side of sternopleonal cavity, adjacent to base of first ambulatory leg; sternopleonal cavity deep; reaching to mid distance between fused thoracic sternites 1–3 (Figs. 1E, 2E). Male pleon narrow; somites 1 and 2 free; somite 1 longitudinally narrow; somite 2 yoke-like, reaching coxae of fourth ambulatory leg, somites 3–5 fused, surface with scattered punctae, unarmed; somite 6 longer than broad, free, surface unarmed, base broader than distal end of preceding somite; telson triangular, longer than wide, with rounded apex (Figs. 1E, 2E, 5A). G1 long, slender, tip with short setae, apical process spatuliform (Figs. 5C–F). Female pleon longitudinally ovate, somites 1 and 2 free, somites 3–6 completely fused to form domed plate; vulvae large, obliquely ovate, on anterior part of sternite 6, without sternal vulvar cover (Figs. 3B, E). Etymology. The genus is named in honour of Alfred William Alcock for his valuable contribution in taxonomy brachyuran crabs of Indian Ocean, in arbitrary combination with the suffix of the genus name Philyra. Remarks. According to the revision of Philyra Leach, 1817 by Galil (2009), Alcolyra n. gen. falls into the second group of genera in which first two male pleonal somites are free (Figs. 4B, D). This second group contains genera like Philyra s. str., Afrophila Galil, 2009, Atlantolocia Galil, 2009, Ryphila Galil, 2009 and Ovilyra Ng, 2021. However, Alcolyra n. gen. can be distinguished from these genera in having two tuberculated rows on branchial region of carapace (Figs. 1B, 2B) and presence of tubercle on either side near the inner lateral margin of somite 5 of sternum of males (Figs. 1E, 2E). Alcolyra n. gen. varies from Philyra s. str. in having following characters: carapace suborbicular (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B) (versus pyriform in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1A); clear hepatic facet (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B, 6A–C) (versus no clear hepatic facet in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1A); branchial regions with two tuberculated rows (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B)(versus branchial region smooth in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1A); front with median tooth (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B)(versus no median tooth in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1A); surface of cheliped merus minutely granular (Figs. 1A, 2A) (versus with large granules present near proximal margin in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Figs. 1A, B); male thoracic sternite 5 with tubercle on each side of sternopleonal cavity (Figs. 1E, 2E) (versus tubercle absent in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1B); pleonal somites 3–5 fused (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, C, 5A) (versus somites 3–6 fused in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1B); male pleonal somite 6 with a proportionately wider proximal margin (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, C, 5A) (versus with margin more narrow in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 1B); and the G1 apical process is spatuliform (Fig. 5C–F) (versus G1 with alate apical process in Philyra s. str., Galil 2009; Fig. 2A). Alcolyra n. gen. differs from Afrophila Galil, 2009 in having following characters: carapace suborbicular (versus subovate in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 4A); branchial regions with two tuberculated rows (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B) (versus branchial region smooth in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 4A); front with median tooth (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B)(versus no median tooth in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 4A); adult cheliped merus slender (Figs. 1B, 2B)(versus swollen in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 4A, B); male thoracic sternite 5 with tubercle on each side of sternopleonal cavity (Figs. 1E, 2E)(versus no tubercle present in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 4B); pleonal somites 3–5 narrow (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, C, 5A)(versus very broad in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 4B); and G1 straight with a spatuliform apical process (Fig. 5C–G)(versus G1 arched distally with rounded apical process in Afrophila, Galil 2009; Fig. 2C). Alcolyra n. gen. differs from Atlantolocia Galil, 2009 in having following characters: carapace suborbicular (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B) (versus subpentagonal in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5A); branchial regions with two tuberculated rows (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B)(versus branchial region smooth in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5A); front with median tooth (Figs.1A, B, 2A, B)(versus no median tooth in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5A); surface of cheliped merus minutely granular (Figs. 1A, 2A)(versus large granules present near proximal margin in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5A, B); male thoracic sternite 5 with tubercle on each side of sternopleonal cavity (Figs. 1E, 2E)(versus no tubercle present in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5B); pleonal somites 3–5 fused (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, C, 5A)(versus somites 3–6 fused in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5B); pleonal somite 6 narrow with almost straight lateral margins (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, C, 5A)(versus very broad with convex lateral margins in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 5B); and the G1 shaft is straight with the apical process spatuliform (Fig. 5C–F)(versus G1 coiled twice and distally digitate in Atlantolocia, Galil 2009; Fig. 2D). Alcolyra n. gen. differs from Ovilyra Ng, 2021 in that the carapace is only slightly longer than wide (CL/ CW= 1.07–1.1) (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D)(versus carapace prominently longer than wide (CL/CW= 1.17–1.26) in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Figs. 1A, B); the carapace is suborbicular (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D)(versus subovate in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 1A, B); the carapace surface is distinctly punctate (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D)(versus less so in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 1A, B); the branchial regions have two tuberculated rows (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D)(versus with single granulated row in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 1A, B); the lower margin of the hepatic facet lower margin lacks a tooth (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D)(versus with broad tooth present on distal one-third in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 1A, B); the posterior margin of carapace is concave (Figs. 1A, B, 2A, B, 3A, D)(versus almost straight in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 1A, B); the adult male chelipeds are slender (Figs. 1A, 2A, 3A, D)(versus robust in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Figs. 1A, 2A); the pollex cutting edge has small teeth of similar sizes (Figs. 1A, 2A, 3A, D)(versus with large subproximal lobe present followed by small teeth of similar sizesin Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 2A); the thoracic sternum is proportionately much wider (Figs. 1E, 2E)(versus proportionately narrow in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Figs. 1E, 2E); male thoracic sternite 5 has a prominent tubercle on each side of the sternopleonal cavity (Figs. 1E, 2E)(versus without tubercle in Ovilyra Ng 2021; Figs. 1E, 2E); male pleonal somites 3–5 are fused (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, 5A)(versus somites 3–6 fused in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Figs. 1E, 2E); pleonal somite 3 is relatively much wider (Figs. 1E, 2E, 4A, 5A)(versus only slightly wider in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Figs. 1E, 2E); and the G1 is slender and straight (Fig. 5C–F) (versus distal quarter sharply bent backwards 120–150° from the longitudinal axis in Ovilyra, Ng 2021; Fig. 6A, E). Of the 27 species of Philyra sensu lato left untreated by Galil (2009), five species were described from India, including P. alcocki. The first author is revising the taxonomy of Philyra sexangula Alcock, 1896 which together with a new species as well as P. nishihirai Takeda & Nakasone, 1991 and P. taekoae Takeda, 1972 from the western Pacific, will be placed in a new genus (Trivedi et al., in review). Philyra sagittifera (Alcock, 1896) will also need to be transferred to a new genus along with P. concinnus Ghani & Tirmizi, 1955 from Pakistan (Trivedi et al., in preparation). The generic positions of two more species, P. corrallicola Alcock, 1896 and P. malefactrix (Kemp, 1915) are now under study.Published as part of Trivedi, Jigneshkumar N., Mitra, Santanu & Ng, Peter K. L., 2022, Alcolyra, a new genus of leucosiid crab (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) from India, pp. 383-392 in Zootaxa 5091 (2) on pages 384-389, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5091.2.9, http://zenodo.org/record/584372
Effect of Superconsciousness External Energy on Atomic, Crystalline and Powder Characteristics of Carbon Allotrope Powders
No full textScientists are searching for eluding link between spirituality and science. Some believe fundamental essences of universe to be energy and information. As per current understanding, energy and matter always coexisted and is considered one and the same. Energy is considered as 'matter in perpetual motion' and matter as 'stationary energy'. Interconversion between matter and energy has been defined by Einstein's famous energy-mass equation (E=mc(2)) which has been proven by nuclear physicists using complex nuclear reactions involving high energy particles. However, many spiritual masters have claimed to realise this energy-matter interconversion using their spiritual powers/energy but scientifically unknown and unverified. It is the first time that the lead author (M. K. Trivedi) has been using his unique superconsciousness energy in the form of thought intervention and information signals to bring about dramatic and radical transformations in the physical and structural properties of organic and inorganic materials. The present paper is the first scientific report that deals with the effect of consciousness energy which M. K. Trivedi uniquely communicates through thought intervention by sending an information signal that transforms carbon allotropes. The changes the energy has caused at the atomic, molecular and crystalline levels in diamond, graphite and activated charcoal have been studied very systematically and are reported in this paper. It has been observed that the superconsciousness energy when transmitted to carbon allotropes has changed the lattice parameters of unit cells, crystallite sizes and densities. Computed weight and effective nuclear charge of the treated atoms exhibited significant variation. It is believed that the energy is acting on the nuclei causing their transmutation. This record was migrated from the OpenDepot repository service in June, 2017 before shutting down
Effects of different exposure methods to 1-methylcyclopropene on quality of partially ripened bananas
No full text1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) is being widely used as an ethylene antagonist to suppress ethylene induced ripening in fresh produce. It is commercially available in encapsulated form in cyclodextrin, which requires moisture triggers to release from encapsulation. There are several reports on efficiency of 1-MCP for inhibiting the action of ethylene during green life (mature – but unripe stage) of bananas, but the commercialization of 1-MCP application for bananas is still under the area of research due to inconsistence responses received by researchers on its effect. Also, there are limited studies showing its effects on yellow life (at and after partially ripened stage) of bananas, so the further investigation in this area was our subject of interest. In this study, different 1-MCP exposure methods were used to treat bananas to provide the scientific base for developing its commercial application. The overall objective of this study was to provide the better understanding for extending Controlled Release Packaging (CRP) system that can deliver the 1-MCP molecules from the package over longer period of time to increase the yellow life of bananas to maintain greater quality at consumer market. The study was divided into two parts: in the first part, the packaging system was used to treat partially ripened bananas with different 1-MCP exposure methods. The physiological responses of partially ripened bananas to these different 1-MCP exposure methods, controlled exposure (timed release - slow release for longer time) and one-time exposure, were studied. All experiments were conducted on Cavendish bananas (Dole) at partially ripened stage (ripening color stages 3 and 4). In the second part, the feasibility of 1-MCP to be incorporated in the CRP system was studied by controlling 1-MCP release through polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film and studying its release from cyclodextrin through banana transpiration. The physiological responses showed that both the 1-MCP exposure methods were effective to delay ripening of partially ripened banana by at least 5-6 days. But the one-time exposure method was more effective than controlled exposure after 6 days. The PVA was able to delay the release of 1-MCP: the release of 1-MCP through PVA was nearly 15 % in 6 hours, whereas the release of 1-MCP from cyclodextrin (control- without any film) was 100% in 6 hours. The bananas were able to provide sufficient moisture through transpiration to initiate 1-MCP release from cyclodextrin within the first two hours of the experiment.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Mansi Trived
Tirmilyra concinnus Patel & Naderloo & Trivedi & Mitra 2023, n. comb.
No full text<i>Tirmilyra concinnus</i> (Ghani & Tirmizi, 1995) n. comb. <p>(Figs. 1E, F, 2C, D, 3C, D, 4E, F)</p> <p> <i>Philyra concinnus</i> Ghani & Tirmizi, 1995: 144–147, fig 1a–h (material from Karachi).— Apel, 2001: 56; Ng <i>et al</i>. 2008: 92 (in list); Galil 2009: 281, tab 1; Naderloo & Türkay 2012: 32; Naderloo 2017: 109, figs 14.35c, 14.37, 14.38.</p> <p> <i>Philyra sexangula —</i> Stephensen, 1946: 89.</p> <p> <i>Ebalia sagittifera —</i> Cooper, 1997: 173, 174 (partly), fig 7.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> ZUTC 6925, 1 male (CL 8.4 mm, CW 7.6 mm), 2 females (CL 9.3 mm, CW 8.2 mm; CL 9.4 mm, CW 8.4 mm), Hormoz Island, Persian Gulf, unknown collector and date; ZUTC 1341, 1 male, 1 female, coast of Bushehr, Persian Gulf, 28°58′N, 50°49′E, sandy/rocky, 10.2006, coll. R. Naderloo; ZUTC 1342, 2 males, 1 female, Qeshm I., Persian Gulf, coll. M. Asgari; ZUTC 1343, 1 male, 1 female, Badnar Kolahi, Strait of Hormoz, 27°02′N, 56°51′E, muddy-sand flat, 22.04.2008, coll. R. Naderloo; ZUTC 1344, 1 juvenile, East of city, Bandar-Abbas, Persian Gulf, 27°11′N, 56°21′E, muddy-sand flat with shells, 23.04.2008, coll. R. Naderloo, A. Kazemi, A. Keykhosravi; ZUTC 1345, 1 male, Jofreh, Bushehr, Persian Gulf, 28°58′N, 50°49′E, sandy/rocky, dead coral with algae, 24.05.2008, coll. R. Naderloo, A. Kazemi, H. Salehi.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Carapace hexagonal (Fig. 1E), slightly longer than broad. Dorsal surface smooth except three narrow minutely granular ridges uniting to form "broad-arrow" pointing forwards, middle ridge extendingfrom progastric to intestinal region; lateral ridges extending backwards laterally to branchial region, running parallel to anterolateral margins, with ends projecting beyond posterolateral margins, forming larger denticles (Fig. 1E); regions relatively distinct, with elevated gastric, cardiac, branchial, intestinal regions; hepatic region excavated forming depression, upper and lower margins beaded, originating from middle of anterolateral margin, not merging anteriorly, broadly triangular tooth projecting on anterior half of lower margin of anterolateral border; anterolateral margin convex, shorter than posterolateral margin, merging with posterolateral margin to form broad triangular tooth; anterolateral, posterolateral, posterior margins beaded; epibranchial angle obtuse; posterolateral margin slightly sinuous; front smooth, almost straight, epistome visible beyond frontal margin from dorsal view; posterior margin almost straight, slightly convex, lateral sides with strong, pointed, outwardly directed spines, spines or small obtuse projections (Fig. 1E). Anterior margin of endostome reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of inhalent channels.</p> <p>Maxilliped 3 (Fig. 3C) smooth, entirely covering endostome; merus with notch, two-thirds as long as ischium along inner margin; ischium two times longer than wide; carpus not visible in external view when reposed; propodus and dactylus visible in external view, articulating subdistally on inner surface of merus; exopod (Fig. 3C) outer margin convex, setose, much longer than wide, almost twice the length of merus.</p> <p>Chelipeds (Fig. 1E, F) equal, as long as carapace length, granulated. Merus triquetral in cross-section with edges raised and granular; both inner and outer margins with tuberculated ridge. Carpus and propodus have raised row of granules along inner edge of their upper surface. Fingers slender, about two-thirds length of propodus, cutting edge of fingers toothed with scattered setae, median shallow canal extending to distal length of both fingers.</p> <p>P2–P5 (Fig. 1E) subcylindrical; total length of all pairs almost similar, merus and carpus glabrous, merus longest as compared to carpus, propodus and dactylus. Carpus and propodus almost equal in length, dactylus large with tapering distal end.</p> <p>Thoracic sternum (Fig. 1F) smooth, tuberculated on margins, slightly concave. Sternites 1–3 completely fused without any trace of sutures, sternite 3 separated from sternite 4 by shallow groove; sternite 4–6 almost similar in width, sternite 7 slightly tuberculated.</p> <p>Male pleon (Fig. 1F, 3D) smooth with three articulating parts: somite 1 free, narrow; somite 2–6 fused, immovable, posterolateral angles with small bulge, somite 6 without any denticle; telson triangular, longer than broad with curved apex.</p> <p>Female pleon ovate; somite 1 free; somites 2–6 fused, suture clearly visible between somites 2 and 3, partial suture visible between somites 3–4 and 5–6, forming domed plate almost completely covering thoracic sternum. Telson triangular, longer than broad, with curved apex (Fig. 2D).</p> <p>G1 (Fig. 4E, F) shaft long, slender, straight, apical process long, about 0.2 times as long as whole length, more sinuous-shape, with spade-shape (spatulate) ending, apical lobe bearing setae almost length of the tip. Female gonopore (Fig. 5D) on inner anterior edge of sternite 5, oval in shape with broad opening.</p> <p> <b>Variation</b>. The carapace of female resembles with that of male, except for lateral sides of posterior margin having sharp dorsoventrally flattened teeth (Fig. 2C).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Pakistan (Ghani & Tirmizi 1995), Persian Gulf [Stephensen (1946) as <i>Philyra sexangula</i>; Apel 2001; Naderloo & Türkay 2012; Naderloo 2017] and Gulf of Oman (Naderloo <i>et al</i>. 2015).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> Ghani & Tirmizi (1995) described <i>T. concinnus</i> <b>n. comb.</b> on the basis of specimens collected from Karachi (Pakistan) and Persian Gulf. As mentioned earlier, the Persian Gulf material examined by these authors is referable to <i>T. sagittifera</i> <b>n. comb.</b> (Apel 2001; Naderloo & Türkay 2012; Naderloo 2017). Here we also confirm that the drawing of a Persian Gulf specimen by Ghani & Tirmizi (1995: fig. 2) agrees with type specimen of <i>P. sagittifera</i> in the following features: carapace hexagonal, smooth except three broad tuberculated ridges unite to form a "broad-arrow" point; epibranchial angle forming right angle, posterior margin convex, lateral sides with knob-like teeth having rounded tips, small median tooth present on the posterior margin in males; and G1 shaft straight, slender, with apical process slightly sinuous-shape, with tapering end.</p> <p> The holotype and some of the paratypes of <i>T. concinnus</i> <b>n. comb.</b> deposited in the Marine Reference Collection and Resource Centre, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan are not traceable despite many searches in the museum (Noor Saher, personal communication). The second author has examined the paratype specimens (1 male and 1 female) deposited in Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, but these are in very poor condition and of little use for identification. The fresh specimens from the Persian Gulf examined here are in agreement with the description and illustrations of holotype provided by Ghani & Tirmizi (1995).</p> <p> <i>Tirmilyra concinnus</i> <b>n. comb.</b> closely resembles <i>T. sagittifera</i> <b>n. comb.</b> but can be differentiated from the latter species on the basis of several morphological characteristics that are discussed above in the remarks section of the latter species.</p>Published as part of <i>Patel, Krupal, Naderloo, Reza, Trivedi, Jigneshkumar & Mitra, Santanu, 2023, On the taxonomy of Philyra sagittifera (Alcock, 1896) and P. concinnus Ghani & Tirmizi, 1995 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Leucosiidae), with description of a new genus from the Indian Ocean, pp. 430-440 in Zootaxa 5330 (3)</i> on pages 436-439, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5330.3.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/8254906">http://zenodo.org/record/8254906</a>
Concentration in Knowledge Output: A case of Economics Journals
No full textThis paper assesses the degree of author concentration in seven economics journals, which were published in India during 1990-2002. To measure the degree of author concentration, Lotka's Law was used. Moreover, we also make an exploratory analysis of the geographic, economics subfield and institutional concentration in 704 economics journals. An important finding of this paper is that specialized journals in the sample report the highest degree of author concentration. This result is quite similar to the findings by Cox and Chung (1991). Furthermore, there are several instances showing that the journals lean towards certain norms; this may affect the flow of innovative ideas into economics. We conclude that a knowledge activity, involving the high degree of concentration and a biased publication process, may affect the flow of new ideas into the discipline.Concentration, Lotka's Law
Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography measurements of central foveal thickness before and after cataract surgery in children
No full textPurpose To compare macular thickness before and after cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in pediatric eyes. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting University Eye Clinic, San Giuseppe Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. Methods The study analyzed spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) images of the macula in pediatric eyes in which cataract surgery had been performed and that were examined preoperatively and 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postoperatively. Results The mean age of the 11 patients (11 eyes) was 5.8 years ± 2.2 (SD) (range 3 to 14 years). The mean macular thickness at 1 month and 3 months was significantly higher than at baseline (273.7 ± 26.8 μm and 266.0 ± 22.8 μm, respectively, versus 244.8 ± 19.5 μm; P .05 versus baseline). Conclusions Spectral-domain OCT was useful in evaluating the macular changes in the eyes of a cohort of pediatric patients 3 years and older. Cystoid macular edema was not observed during the 12-month follow-up. Financial Disclosure No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned
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