1,720,962 research outputs found
POSITIONAL STATEMENT OF COMPANIES' CORPORATE GOVERNANCE RATING REPORTS: EVIDENCE FROM TURKEY
No full textThe Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) defines corporate governance as, "the way in which boards oversee the running of a company by its managers, and how board members are in turn accountable to shareholders and the company." In recent years the issue of corporate governance and committees related to it and their impacts on corporate performance have continued to gain widespread prominence in the capital market economy. Corporate Governance Rating is meant to indicate the relative level to which an organisation accepts and follows the codes and guidelines of corporate governance practices. The purpose of the paper is to examine the rating reports of 27 companies which have obtained the corporate governance rating by rating agencies. The study highlights that the "stakeholders" sections of the reports are the most powerful part of the reports whereas the "board of directors" sections are the weakest. Potential areas for improvements are also identified
Income Statement vs. Comprehensive Income Statement
Get PDFThe objective of general purpose financial statements is to provide information about the financial position, financial performance, and cash flows of a company that is useful to a wide range of users in making economic decisions. In June 1997, the FASB issued FAS130 on how to report comprehensive income, so second type of income statement is came up. Under the traditional income concept-income statement, extraordinary and nonrecurring gains and losses are excluded from income. Under the all-inclusive income concept- comprehensive income statement, all revenues, expenses, gains, and losses recognized during the period are included in income, regardless of whether they are considered to be operations of the period. International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) also introduced this issue in 2009. According to the standard a business entity using IFRS must also include a statement of comprehensive income. The aim of this study is to discuss the necessity and need for presentation of two performance statements- income comprehensive income- especially from the perspective from investors while these items are stated in equity section of the balance sheets. Effects of this dual reporting of income statements which leads confusion are also discussed by examining cases from different countries and survey is conducted to BIST (Borsa Istanbul) 30 companies from Turkey. Keywords: Income statement, comprehensive income statement, net income, dual reporting case, Turkey Jel Code: M 41 DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/11-35-05 Publication date: December 31st 201
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A Multicriterion Decision Support Methodology For Audit Opinions: The Case Of Audit Reports Of Distressed Firms In Turkey
Get PDFThe audit report represents the most important part of the audit process and it is the sole communication medium between the auditor and the users of the financial statements. After accounting scandals, auditors’ responsibility for assessing the appropriateness of audit opinions has become the subject of much debate in the auditing profession and considerable research by academics. This increased attention is due to the fact that auditors appear to be reluctant to disclose audit opinions other than unqualified. Indeed, many companies in the year prior to bankruptcy receive an audit report in which going concern uncertainty is not disclosed. The research of this paper is designed to examine the relationship between the type of audit reports and firm failure. Logistic regression analysis is applied to test the model of audit opinion decision with a sample of financially distressed firms operating in manufacturing sector in Istanbul Stock Exchange (ISE) between the period of 1998-2006. The results reveal that the audit opinions of distressed firms indicate the auditors fail to issue appropriate audit opinions one year prior to failure
TURKEY'S NEW COMMERCIAL CODE TO HAVE BROAD IMPACT ON FINANCIAL REPORTING AND AUDITING: A NEW ERA
No full textDuring more than half a century The Turkish Commercial Code (TCC) has been regulating business life in Turkey. Nevertheless new concepts overarching beyond geographical borders like "information society" and "corporate governance" came to the forefront, and inevitably the legislation that regulates the business life started to become insufficient. Accordingly modifying, updating, and advancing the TCC became a necessity in order to be capable of addressing the contemporary challenges of today's world. The new law was promulgated in the Official Gazette on February 2011. As stated in the New Turkish Commercial Code No. 6102 it has come into effect as of 1 July 2012. Amendments made to the New TCC in June were promulgated in the Official Gazette on 30 June and became effective on 1 July 2012 as well. It constitutes a major reform of Turkish commercial law and thoroughly changes the entire legal framework for the ways in which commerce and investment are carried out in Turkey. Therefore New TCC sets fundamental changes in financial reporting and auditing. The objective of the law is to enable Turkish companies to use financial reporting generally accepted in international markets and enable them to be competitive players in these markets. At the same time the new law introduces a fundamental system change with a reformist understanding and a contemporary evolution in the auditing of companies. These changes make a substantial contribution to establishing trust in national and international markets and creating a new perspective for Turkey. It also increases the sustainable competitive advantage of Turkish enterprises by using an international language and facilitates Turkey's strategic depth in economic politics. In this study evolution of the financial reporting and auditing in Turkey is examined by the perspective of the New TCC
One of the Greatest Fraud Case in the World:The Imar Bank Case from Turkey
Get PDFTurkey, a bridge between two continents, has experienced severe bouts of financial instability and came across into a severe financial crisis in 2001. During the 1998-2001 period 20 banks were transferred to the Savings Deposit Insurance Fund (SDIF) due to the erosion of their equity. These banks, the half of the 40 commercial banks of Turkey which are operating at that time, were also audited. Except for one or two of these banks all had judicial process because of their improper loans, etc. operations. In 2002, after triple auditing (two independent auditing companies and a sworn bank auditor) robust banks continued their activities. Imar Bank which was the one of these banks also was transferred to the Savings Deposit Insurance Fund in 2003. Imar Bank produced false financial statements to the creditors of the banks, including its depositors, and misleading reports to the supervisory authorities over a prolonged period. Fraudulent reporting of the bank showed that the management was able to misappropriate funds not reported in the financial statements by failing to account for a substantial volume of deposits. The examination revealed that there were discrepancies between the official deposit balances and actual balances. Total deposits of the bank amounted approximately 1,1 billion dollars according to the audited balance sheet prepared by the bank. However, based on the examination, the real amount was much higher than the reported. The actual amount was 6,1 billion dollars and 5 billion dollars was unregistered. Deposits were paid to depositors by the government. Unfortunately, it was the one of the greatest fraud case in banking sector in the world. During this crisis period it is indicated that there was a defect in the banking sector with regard to transparency. In this paper it is briefly discussed the underlying reasons behind this fraudulent reporting of Imar Bank and the failure of banking regulation and supervision functions in the country. Keywords: Fraud, fraudulent reporting, Imar Bank, Turke
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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