48 research outputs found
Establishment of a Standing Ethics/institutional Review Board in a Nigerian University: A Blueprint for Developing Countries
No full textAn ethics/institutional review board(IRB) was established according to International standards at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria. To achieve this, a private-public partnership was developed to support a review of prevailing practice and the development of necessary infrastructure for an effective IRB. An internationally registered and well-constituted IRB with a federal-wide assurance (FWA) from the National Institute of Health in the United States was established within a year. Over a 3-year period, the number of proposals reviewed increased by 150% while time to approval decreased by 62%. International collaboration and external research funding has increased substantially. These findings support our initial supposition that the development of a properly functioning IRB can be a catalyst for increased research productivity at academic centers in developing countries while ensuring the protection of vulnerable human research subjects. The University of Ibadan is now assisting other academic Institutions in Nigeria and sub-Saharan Africa with the establishment of their own IRBs
A megismerési célok különbségéről : Erdély politikai távolállása = The difference of cognition goals : political features of Transylvania
No full textThe Austro-Hungarian Empire fell apart in 1918. In our days on several forums an active discourse is proceeding about interpreting the First World War’s history and its consequences. The topic of the esessay is the creation o f the Hungarian political community (1,5 millión people) in R°mania which live in the territories annexed to Románia in 1918-1920. The problem: how does a social group that tums the process of nationbuilding promoted by the State organise itself into a community (as a national minority)? What is their role played in the organisation of the Hungarians in Románia as a national minority? At a macro level, this system of relationships involves four P%ers: the national minority, the majority State (Románia), the kin-state (Hungary), and the international relations (the rights for the protection o f minorities, ideological trends). The aim of the author of this study is to give - using various monographies, primary and secondary sources - a brief description of the possible cognition goals, the history of the Romanian Hungarian nationality and its peculiarities
Elválasztott terek, összefonódó sorsok : Virág Tünde a hazai perifériákról = Separated Spaces, Intertwined Fates : Tünde Virág on Hungary’s Periphery
No full textA rendszerváltás után Magyarországon új típusú társadalmi perifériák jelentek
meg: nem, illetve nemcsak a városok külső gyűrűjében, hanem kistelepülésekre, falvakra koncentrálódva. Virág Tünde Kirekesztve – Falusi gettók az
ország peremén című kötete e terek társadalomtörténetét, jelenét és kilátásait
tárja fel a téma iránti érzékenységgel, statisztikai adatokra építve, mindemellett mélyinterjús, tereptapasztalatokra épülő megközelítéssel teszi az olvasó
számára „testközelivé” a perifériára szorult közösségek mindennapi valóságát.
A szerző kvalitatív terepmunkája alapján mutatja be, hogyan alakulnak ki a falusi szegregátumok, és hogyan formálódnak a „gettók” a társadalmi, intézményi
és térbeli kirekesztés következményeként. Virág könyve alapmű azok számára,
akik a magyar vidéki társadalom mélyre szorult rétegeit és strukturális újratermelődésüket kívánják megérteni. | Following the regime change in Hungary, a new type of social periphery
emerged – one that is located not only on the urban margins but also
increasingly concentrated in small settlements and rural villages. Kirekesztve.
Falusi gettók az ország peremén (“Excluded: Rural Ghettos on the Margins of
the Country”) by Tünde Virág explores the social history, present condition, and
future prospects of these spaces with a high degree of sensitivity. Drawing on
statistical data as well as in-depth interviews and fieldwork, the book brings the
everyday realities of marginalized rural communities close to the reader. Based
on her qualitative field research, the author analyzes how rural segregated
areas come into being and how “ghettos” are formed as a consequence
of social, institutional, and spatial exclusion. Virág’s book is a foundational
contribution for anyone seeking to understand the structurally reproduced
marginalization of disadvantaged groups within Hungarian rural society
Non-specific cell-mediated immunity in Nigerian children with uncomplicated malaria
No full textNon-specific cellular immunity was determined in 59 Nigerian children
aged between 1-9 years with uncomplicated malaria and 93 age-matched
uninfected controls using percentage migration index (%M.I) and Mantoux
tuberculin skin test. The mean %M.I (using malaria Pf 155 antigen) was
significantly lower in malaria subjects compared with the controls
(p<0.05) while the mean diameter of tuberculin skin reaction (using
Purified Protein Derivative of Mycobacterium butyricum ) was
significantly lower in children with uncomplicated malaria compared
with the controls (p<0.05). The mean total white blood cell count
(TWBC) was also significantly reduced in the malaria subjects when
compared with the controls (p<0.05). The results show that
leucocytes of children with uncomplicated malaria exhibited effective
adaptive immune response. This may help to combat initial contact with
malaria parasites
Non-specific cell-mediated immunity in Nigerian children with uncomplicated malaria
No full textNon-specific cellular immunity was determined in 59 Nigerian children
aged between 1-9 years with uncomplicated malaria and 93 age-matched
uninfected controls using percentage migration index (%M.I) and Mantoux
tuberculin skin test. The mean %M.I (using malaria Pf 155 antigen) was
significantly lower in malaria subjects compared with the controls
(p<0.05) while the mean diameter of tuberculin skin reaction (using
Purified Protein Derivative of Mycobacterium butyricum ) was
significantly lower in children with uncomplicated malaria compared
with the controls (p<0.05). The mean total white blood cell count
(TWBC) was also significantly reduced in the malaria subjects when
compared with the controls (p<0.05). The results show that
leucocytes of children with uncomplicated malaria exhibited effective
adaptive immune response. This may help to combat initial contact with
malaria parasites
Knowledge and health beliefs assessment of Sickle cell disease as a prelude to neonatal screening in Ibadan, Nigeria
No full text# Background
Nigeria bears the highest burden of sickle cell disease (SCD) in the world. Neonatal screening programmes for SCD in other countries have been associated with remarkable reductions in mortality and morbidity. In Nigeria, there is an ongoing effort to implement a large scale SCD neonatal screening program with long-term follow-up. This study was conducted to assess the adequacy of knowledge and perspectives of the target population with regard to newborn screening for sickle cell disease and also to identify likely barriers and challenges to the successful implementation of the programme.
# Methods
Two hundred and five mothers of young infants (≤ 2 months old) and 181 mothers of SCD affected children were recruited from primary, secondary and tertiary health facilities in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria over a period of six weeks. Questionnaires were administered to the mothers assisted by a translator where necessary, in order to determine some of the factors influencing the mothers' knowledge and perspectives towards SCD and their decision to accept neonatal screening. T-test was used to compare means of scores. Chi-square test was used to test associations between differences in proportions. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to determine which factors could influence baseline knowledge about SCD. Multiple logistic regression using stepwise selection was used to determine which factors were important in predicting the acceptance of neonatal screening by the mothers.
# Results
Higher level of education of the mothers (*P*=0.013) and having an affected child (*P*\<0.001) were the major factors associated with increased knowledge base and healthy perspectives towards SCD. Fewer than 50% of the mothers had moderate knowledge of SCD and its genetic inheritance, and had also heard of neonatal screening for SCD diagnosis before the survey. Two-thirds of mothers of the young infants were willing to have their babies or future children screened and most would prefer the babies be screened at an immunization center rather than at birth centers (*P*\<0.001). Awareness of, and perspectives towards SCD and neonatal screening influenced the mothers' acceptance of screening for their babies (*P*\<0.05). In addition, many of the mothers would need permission from their husbands or a relative to have their babies screened.
# Conclusion
Large scale awareness on the part of the community about SCD and the benefits of neonatal screening is necessary for successful implementation of the planned neonatal screening programme. Government funding and support for community education along with facilities for programme implementation are needed to kick off the program in Ibadan, Nigeria
Indoor Air Pollution From Biomass Fuel: A Risk Factor For Pulmonary Dysfunction In Women And Children In Ibadan, Nigeria
No full textA faluhatár és a határhoz fűződő tudatosság jelentősége a japán falusi közösségek életében
No full textThe author endeavours to find answers on how a highly isolated Japanese village community could retain its consciousness regarding the so-called village border line. The phenomenon of the village borderline, never accentuated by big walls around the village territory – except in case of the ancient ditch villages – always had an important role in the everyday and religious life of the community. However, in order to express the holiness of the area which led from the world outside into the safe, inner world of the village, villagers placed some natural or handmade symbolical signs near the border. These signs were considered to possess mystical powers of the kami that could help the community in critical times, so the objects along the borderline werealways highly respected by the villagers. They used these objects to perform various rituals and set up certain rules to keep away disasters and maintain the inner order of the community, thus the borderline and the objects beside it had a strong influence on the collective consciousness and the dualistic worldview of the inhabitants.Feltöltés alat
