29 research outputs found
Global Business Moral Order and the Challenge of Ethical Relativism in International Business Practices
No full textIn the field of applied ethics, there is intimidating recurrent issue of universalized, globalized and internationalized value system in view of protracted antithetical posture of ethical relativism. The potency of ethical relativism as an antithesis to ethical universalism is accentuated by the pervading tendencies of culture specifics in moral value-analysis. As efforts are being made by scholars to isolate the sense in which the subject matter of ethical relativism can suitably be articulated as basis for moral assertions, the increasing spate of globalized value-system in practical human socio-political and economic activities have continue to emphasize the ubiquitous nature and importance of universal approach to moral value analysis. The paper examines the emerging phenomenon of Global Business Moral Order (GBMO) against the backdrop of the threatening defiance of ethical relativists’ posture in international business practices. It concludes that global business moral order is not impossible if available contradictions are resolved in favour of uniform moral order to regulate international unethical business practices. Keywords: Ethical Universalism, Business Moral Order, Ethical Relativis
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices and the Challenge of Taking Ownership: A Case Study of Frustrations of Shell Petroleum Development Company in Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria.
No full textAccess to Grants and Other Resources for Growth and Poverty Reduction by Community Development Association’s through Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) Opportunities in Nigeria
No full textThe paper observes that excruciating poverty in African developing countries requires multi-stakeholders interventions. It specifically identifies corporate social responsibility opportunities in the areas of grant disbursements and other resources availability as veritable means of contributing to rapid development of African communities. The paper posits that there are key resources that are available through CSR opportunities for pro-active developments and to solving African development challenge. It specifically exemplifies available categories of corporate organizations and their social responsibilities potentials in Nigeria community development landscape. It concludes by highlighting steps through which Community Developments Associations (CDAs) can access CSR opportunities across Nigerian communities for high development impact
Agricutural value chain optimisation in a turbulent economy: A study of smallholder farmers in Nigeria
No full textThis study aims to uncover the factors that impact agricultural value chain optimisation for small-holder farmers in Nigeria amidst economic instability. The study was conducted in the south-west, north-central, and core northern regions of Nigeria, which were selected for their suitability for cashew and sesame production respectively, taking into, account the crops’ requirements and environmental conditions. The data used in this study was obtained from primary sources which include structured questionnaires administered to 450 respondents and key informant interviews. Using Stata, the collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics and econometric models. A two-stage least square regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors that contribute to the optimisation of cashew and sesame value chain, and a multiple linear regression model was employed to examine the variables impacting production costs. The findings of the study indicated that household head's age, educational level, cashew yield, cultivated area, and economic instability are crucial factors that influence the optimisation of the value chain for small-scale cashew farmers; the size of the household, monthly income, years of farming experience, sesame yield, land area dedicated to sesame cultivation, and inflation rate has a crucial impact on the value chain optimisation of small-holder sesame farmers. Additionally, the age of the head of the household, literacy level, monthly income, purchasing cost of better seeds, farming equipment, production inputs, and the cost of inbound and outbound logistics are significant contributors to the total production cost for cashew farmers. Furthermore, this study found that monthly income, cost of improved seeds, fertilizers, and labour play a significant role in determining the production cost of sesame farming during economic instability. In conclusion, this study emphasises the significance of the aforementioned factors in enhancing the agricultural value chain for small-scale farmers in Nigeria. These results hold significant meaning for policy makers as they can draw insights from this study to develop and implement targeted initiatives aimed at enhancing the conditions of smallholder farmers
Shell Failed Community Engagement in Niger-Delta Region and Implications for CSR Practices: Towards Global Best Practices for Sustainable Stakeholders’ Involvement
No full textThe study examines the experience of Shell Petroleum Development Corporation (SPDC) in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices. The study observes that the experience of SPDC is one of deep frustrations occasioned by inappropriate and ineffective stakeholders’ engagement. The study also observes that aside from making host community encounter repeated deprivations, the SPDC in the Niger Delta fails to adequately involve stakeholders in its CSR agenda in ways that are acceptable. All these raised the challenge of designing best CSR practices for stakeholders’ engagements to address communities that perennially suffer the negative impacts of business activities. The study concludes by attempting a template for global best practices for sustainable stakeholder engagement with hostile host communities in CSR practices in order to achieve sustainable business practices. Keywords: CSR, Niger-Delta, Relationship Management, SPDC, Sustainability DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/93-03 Publication date: January 31st 202
Sublethal effect of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] on growth performance and biochemical activities in some organs of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings
No full textSaabunud / Received 25.04.2020 ; Aktsepteeritud / Accepted 09.09.2020 ; Avaldatud veebis / Published online 09.09.2020 ; Vastutav autor / Corresponding author: Henry Adefisayo Adewole e-mail: [email protected] effect of the sublethal concentration of glyphosate [N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine] on growth and some biochemical indices in the organs of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822) fingerlings in a static bioassay setup was studied to provide information on the sublethal toxicity effect of glyphosate on C. gariepinus fingerlings. Two hundred and seventy (270) fingerlings of C. gariepinus (10.02 ± 0.20g) randomly stocked at 30 fish per tank in triplicate were exposed to varying concentration (0, 2.75 ppm and 5.00 ppm) of glyphosate for 70 days. The results of the study showed that the determined growth parameters decrease with increase glyphosate concentration (except specific growth rate). The highest mortality rate was recorded in the treatment with the highest phosphate concentration (5.50 ppm). The enzymatic analyses of the fish tissue revealed that Na+/K+-ATPase activity which ranged from 0.20 to 19.29 μM Pi min–1 mg–1 protein in all the fish tissues increase with increase glyphosate concentration in the fish muscle and liver, and decreases with increase in glyphosate concentration in the gills. However, the muscle and liver malate DH activities decreased with increase in glyphosate concentration while the lactate DH activity increases with increase intoxicant concentration in the muscle (with the highest treatment having a threefold increase). Generally, the enzymatic activities of fish tissues followed the order: Malate DH >Na+/K+-ATPase>Lactate DH. The study concluded that the glyphosate concentration negatively impacted the growth and survival of C. gariepinus and also had a pronounced effect on the enzymatic activities of the studied organs
Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR): Opportunities for Sustainable Community Developments in Africa
No full textAs the quest for multi-stakeholders’ approach to the development of communities and societies across Africa becomes intensified in view of reduced government pro-active development efforts due to dwindling resources and high competing demands from other sectors, the paper examines available opportunities for community development through CSR programs of multinational corporations. It observes that corporate social responsibility programs of multinational corporations have not made meaningful development impacts despite the fact that corporate social responsibility platforms are veritable means of fast-tracking development at community level across Africa. It concludes by identifying strategies for enhancing corporate social responsibility impacts and possible areas of interventions for community development across Africa through multinational corporations’ corporate social responsibility platforms
Developing Ethics for Successful Integrated Cooperatives Activities in Nigeria
No full textThe article underscores continuous integration of cooperative societies in order to fully maximize the advantages of collective strength in terms of access to funds and other related opportunities. It identifies various challenges that are crop up when cooperatives integrate for optimal utilization from among wider network of participating member societies. It observes that as integration for sustainable cooperative activities becomes sacrosanct, there is need for ethical rule to regulate activities in that context. It examines the imperatives of ethics for addressing increasing integration among cooperative societies for improved performances. It concludes by highlighting the roles and responsibilities of parties to integrated cooperative activities in Nigeria. Keywords: Cooperatives, Development, Integration, Ethics, Nigeria
Cooperative Societies and Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) Opportunities for Rural Developments in Africa
No full textAs the quest for multi-stakeholders’ approach to the development of rural communities across Africa becomes intensified in view of reduced government efforts due to dwindling resources and high competing demands from other sectors, the paper examines available opportunities for rural development through CSR programs of cooperative societies. It observes that corporate social responsibility programs of cooperative societies have not been adequately reported and emphasized by researchers cum development experts. It amplifies available corporate social responsibility platforms by cooperative societies that have contributed significantly at fast-tracking developments in rural level across Africa. It concludes by identifying specific corporate social responsibility interventions for rural development across Africa through cooperative societies. Keywords: Cooperative societies, Corporate Social Responsibility, Rural Development, Africa
Corrigendum: Prevalence and factors associated with Helicobacter pylori infection among treatment naïve dyspeptic adults in University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Benin City, Nigeria
No full textIn their published article, the authors detected errors with the initials and address of the first author. These errors have been corrected as appropriate
