121 research outputs found
Intimate partner violence during COVID-19 restrictions: a study of 30 countries from the I-SHARE Consortium
No full textThe author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research and/or authorship of this article: JT received support from the US NIH (NIAID K24AI143471, UH3HD096929).Campbell L., Tan R.K.J., Uhlich M., Francis J.M., Mark K., Miall N., Eleuteri S., Gabster A., Shamu S., Plášilová L., Kemigisha E., Olumide A., Kosana P., Hurtado-Murillo F., Larsson E.C., Cleeve A., Calvo González S., Perrotta G., Fernández Albamonte V., Blanco L., Schröder J., Adebayo A., Hendriks J., Saltis H., Marks M., Wu D., Morroni C., Esho T., Briken P., Hlatshwako T.G., Ryan R., Farid N.D.N., Gomez Bravo R., Van de Velde S., Tucker J.D
STRATEGIES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF ELECTRONIC RECORDS IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN NIGERIA
No full textPage 1. 5th of October, 2018 ICERI2018 Local Organising Committee ABSTRACT ACCEPTANCE LETTER This is a confirmation that the abstract entitled: “STRATEGIES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF ELECTRONIC RECORDS IN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES IN NIGERIA” Author(s): Promise Ilo, Michael Fagbohun, Jerome Idiegbeyan-Ose, Ugwunwa Esse, Nwanne Nwokeoma, Ifeakachuku Osinulu, Olajumoke Olawoyin, Oyeronke Adebayo has been accepted as ORAL presentation at ICERI2018. Name of event: ICERI2018 (11th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation) Dates: 12th-14th of November, 2018 Place: Seville (Spain) Organising entity: IATED IATED Academy. email: [email protected] – Tel.: (+34) 96 344 62 37 – Fax: (+34) 96 206 59 18 iated.or
Land use influences microbial biomass carbon, organic carbon and nitrogen stock in a tropical acric luvisols of Southwestern Nigeria
No full textAbstract. A study was conducted to determine the effect of different land use on microbial biomass carbon, organic carbon and nitrogen stock on a tropical acric luvisols at Ibadan, Oyo State, Southwestern Nigeria. Soil samples were collected in 2014 using a quadrant approach across ten plots at the surface (0-15 cm) and sub-surface (16-30 cm) depths in four different land use systems of (i) 8-year old citrus, (ii) 8 year old cacao, (iii) 8 year oil palm and (iv) a fallow land of over 25 years. Significant differences in soil physical and chemical properties, microbial biomass carbon, carbon and nitrogen stock in different land use types at two depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm) were observed on soil properties important for sustainable crop production. Fallow land use, oil palm plantation and cocoa plantation were characterized by higher carbon and nitrogen stock, microbial biomass carbon, total nitrogen, organic carbon, available phosphorus, marginally low exchangeable bases except for Ca and Mg with relatively higher values and marginal C/N ratio. These land use also had lower bulk density, high total porosity, high moisture content and optimum soil temperature level. These results suggest that incorporation of optimum fallow cycle with appropriate land use in combination with soil enriching cover and tree crops in the study area will increase carbon and nitrogen stock while imitating a forest ecosystem condition which would help restore soil fertility in degraded lands while reducing greenhouse gas fluxes
Morphometrical Analysis and Peak Runoff Estimation for the Sub-Lower Niger River Basin, Nigeria
No full textThis study utilized Spatial Information Technology (SIT) such as Remote Sensing (RS), a Geographical Information System (GIS), the Global Positioning System (GPS) and a high-resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) for a morphometrical analysis of five sub-basins within the Lower Niger River Basin, Nigeria. Morpho-metrical parameters, such as the total relief, relative relief, relief ratio, ruggedness number, texture ratio, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, form factor ratio, drainage density, stream frequency, sinuosity factor and bifurcation ratio, have been computed and analyzed. The study revealed that the contribution of the morphometric parameters to flooding suggest catchment No. 1 has the least concentration time and the highest runoff depth. Catchment No. 4 has the highest circularity ratio (0.35) as the most hazardous site where floods could reach a great volume over a small area
Comparative Effect of Poultry Manure, Ash and NPK Fertilizer on Soil Chemical Properties and Trifoliate Yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) Performance in an Alfisol of Southwestern Nigeria
No full textThe decline in soil fertility is a fundamental impediment to agricultural growth and food production. This has necessitated the growing search for efficient soil fertility improvement practices. The field experiment was conducted in Akure during the major cropping seasons of 2013 and 2014 to assess the effect of different amendments on the chemical properties of an Alfisol using trifoliate yam (Dioscorea dumetorum) as a test crop. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments were Poultry Manure (PM) at 20tha-1, Wood Ash (WA) at 20tha-1, NPK 15:15:15 at 400kgha- 1 and a Control (CTRL) (no soil amendment). Data collected on soil chemical properties and crop growth and yield performance were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the means separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Results of this study indicated that WA increased the number of leaves, vine length, tuber length and tuber weight of yam and also improved soil pH, OC, N, P, K, Ca and Mg compared with the CTRL (control). NPK did not increase the yield of trifoliate yam but improved the soil nutrient concentrations compared with the CTRL (control). Relative to the control, WA increased the tuber weight by 14% in 2013 and 34% in 2014 respectively. Compared with NPK fertilizer, WA improved tuber yield of trifoliate by 17% in 2013 and 31% in 2014 respectively. Wood Ash amendment applied at 20 t/ha gave the highest yam tuber yield compared with other treatments and therefore recommended for yam production on an Alfisol for improving soil fertility conditions and sustained productivity
Breastfeeding practices among immigrants living in Finland : Results from the FinChildren survey
No full textBackground: Breastfeeding is a cornerstone of child health and survival as it provides crucial, non-replaceable nourishment necessary for infant's growth and development. Immigration has been shown to influence breastfeeding particularly among immigrants from low- and middle-income countries. Our aim was to examine breastfeeding practices and sociodemographic characteristics of Somali-, Arabic-, and Russian-speaking in comparison with Finnish-speaking mothers. Methods: We analyzed data from 5348 mothers with infants who participated in FinChildren survey conducted in 2020. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to estimate the association between maternal origin and breastfeeding practices by comparing immigrant mothers with native-born mothers. Results: Somali-/Arabic-speaking mothers were younger, less educated and had higher BMI than Russian- and native Finnish-speaking mothers. Proportions of exclusive breastfeeding at 4–5 months of age were lowest among Somali-/Arabic-speaking mothers (21 %) compared to native-born (49 %) and to Russian-speaking mothers (52 %). Again, Somali-/Arabic-speaking mothers had the highest proportions of mixed feeding (66 %) compared to native Finnish-speaking (38 %) and Russian-speaking mothers (32 %). Being a Somali-/Arabic-speaking mother decreased the odds of exclusive breastfeeding five times (OR 0.20, 95 % CI 0.10–0.45) and quadrupled (OR 4.0, 95 % CI 2.18–7.37) the odds of mixed feeding at 4–5 months of age. Conclusion: Even though the number of immigrant mothers was low, this study suggests that maternal origin is a significant predictor of suboptimal breastfeeding independent of sociodemographic and antenatal characteristics. There is a need for culturally sensitive interventions to promote breastfeeding among these groups.Peer reviewe
Predisposing Factors and Clinico-Pathological Presentation of Malignant Lesions of the Oro-Facial Region Among Patients Attending the Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania
No full textThe oro-facial region is made up of a complex anatomical relationship of structures of which may be a source of development of malignant lesions. Often, patients present at the oral and maxillofacial unit of Muhimbili National Hospital with a variety of malignant lesions in the oro-facial region. Majority of these patients are referred cases from upcountry district/regional hospitals and they present with advanced stages of disease with a wide range of complications. Of recent there has been a dramatic change in the characteristics and demography of some of the common malignant lesions of the oro-facial region. Such changes might be attributed to predisposition or systemic changes following exposure to certain external factors.\ud
To determine the predisposing factors and clinico-pathological presentation of malignant lesions of the oro-facial region among patients attending the Muhimbili National Hospital. Cross sectional descriptive hospital based study. Oral and maxillofacial surgery firm, Muhimbili National Hospital. All admitted and outpatients with clinically suspected malignant lesions in the oro-facial region who attended at the Muhimbili National Hospital, Oral surgery department from 1st July 2010 to 31stMarch 2011. Patients were interviewed using a specially designed questionnaire. Clinical examination was done, followed by fine needle aspiration cytology and/or tissue biopsy. A total of 186 patients with cytologically and/or histologically confirmed malignant lesions were included in the study. Data were entered in a computer, cleaned and analyzed using SPSS for windows version 13. A total of 186 patients, 104 (56.0%) males and 82 (44.0%) females with a ratio 1.3:1 were involved in the study. The age at the time of diagnosis ranged from 3 to 83 years with a mean age of 48.4 ± 19.2 SD years. Sixty one (32.8%) patients were aged below 40 years. The commonest observed oral and maxillofacial malignant lesion was Squamous cell carcinoma 96 (51.6%) patients followed by Kaposi’s sarcoma in 17 (9.1%) patients and carcinoma in 10 (5.4%) patients. Tobacco use was reported by 89 (47.8%) patients, of whom 62 (69.6%) patients had used tobacco for more than 20 years while 96 (51.6%) patients reported alcohol use, of whom 49 (51.0%) reported to have used alcohol more than 20 years. Thirty three (17.7%) patients were HIV positive. All patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma were also HIV positive. Malignant eccrine poroma and polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma are rare tumours in the maxillofacial region that were encountered. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant tumour in the oral and maxillofacial region. Use of tobacco and/or alcohol was the predisposing factors for squamous cell carcinoma. There was an increased frequency of malignant tumours in the oral and maxillofacial region among young patients. Patients presented rather late with advanced tumours that many times could only be managed by palliative therapy. All patients with Kaposi’s sarcoma were HIV positive.\u
Determinants of adoption and intensity of use of balanced nutrient management systems technologies in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria
No full textAs part of a major effort to address soil fertility decline in West Africa, a project on Balanced Nutrient Management Systems (BNMS) has since 2000 been implemented in the northern Guinea savanna (NGS) of Nigeria. The project has tested and promoted two major technology packages, including a combined application of inorganic fertilizer and manure (BNMS-manure) and a soybean/maize rotation practice referred to as BNMS-rotation. This study employed Tobit model to examine factors that influence the adoption and intensity of utilization of BNMS technologies in the NGS of Nigeria. Results showed that less than 10% of the sample households adopted at least one of the two components of the technology package by the end of 2002. However, by 2005 the adoption of BNMS-rotation had reached 40% while that of BNMS-manure had reached 48%. A number of factors such as access to credit, farmers’ perception of the state of land degradation, and assets ownership were found to be significant in determining farmers’ adoption decisions on BNMS-manure while off-farm income was found to be significant in determining farmers’ adoption decisions on BNMS-rotation. Extension services and farmer-to-farmer technology diffusion channels were the major means of transfer of BNMS technologies.Adoption, BNMS-manure, BNMS-rotation, Northern Guinea Savanna (NGS)., Agricultural and Food Policy, Community/Rural/Urban Development, Crop Production/Industries, Environmental Economics and Policy, Farm Management, Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Food Security and Poverty, Health Economics and Policy, Institutional and Behavioral Economics, International Relations/Trade, Livestock Production/Industries, Productivity Analysis, Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods,
Determinants of adoption and intensity of use of balanced nutrient management systems technologies in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria
No full textAs part of a major effort to address soil fertility decline in West Africa, a project on Balanced Nutrient Management Systems (BNMS) has since 2000 been implemented in the northern Guinea savanna (NGS) of Nigeria. The project has tested and promoted two major technology packages, including a combined application of inorganic fertilizer and manure (BNMS-manure) and a soybean/maize rotation practice referred to as BNMS-rotation. This study employed Tobit model to examine factors that influence the adoption and intensity of utilization of BNMS technologies in the NGS of Nigeria. Results showed that less than 10% of the sample households adopted at least one of the two components of the technology package by the end of 2002. However, by 2005 the adoption of BNMS-rotation had reached 40% while that of BNMS-manure had reached 48%. A number of factors such as access to credit, farmers’ perception of the state of land degradation, and assets ownership were found to be significant in determining farmers’ adoption decisions on BNMS-manure while off-farm income was found to be significant in determining farmers’ adoption decisions on BNMS-rotation. Extension services and farmer-to-farmer technology diffusion channels were the major means of transfer of BNMS technologies
Predominance of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus -ST88 and New ST1797 causing Wound Infection and Abscesses.
No full textAlthough there has been a worldwide emergence and spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), little is known about the molecular epidemiology of MRSA in Tanzania. In this study, we characterized MRSA strains isolated from clinical specimens at the Bugando Medical Centre, Tanzania, between January and December 2008. Of 160 S. aureus isolates from 600 clinical specimens, 24 (15%) were found to be MRSA. Besides molecular screening for the Panton Valentine leukocidin (PVL) genes by PCR, MRSA strains were further characterized by Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) and spa typing. Despite considerable genetic diversity, the spa types t690 (29.1%) and t7231 (41.6%), as well as the sequence types (ST) 88 (54.2%) and 1797 (29.1%), were dominant among clinical isolates. The PVL genes were detected in 4 isolates; of these, 3 were found in ST 88 and one in ST1820. Resistance to erythromycin, clindamicin, gentamicin, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole was found in 45.8%, 62.5%, 41.6%, 45.8% and 50% of the strains, respectively. We present the first thorough typing of MRSA at a Tanzanian hospital. Despite considerable genetic diversity, ST88 was dominant among clinical isolates at the Bugando Medical Centre. Active and standardized surveillance of nosocomial MRSA infection should be conducted in the future to analyse the infection and transmission rates and implement effective control measures
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