1,720,957 research outputs found
Audit of Open Pediatric Tracheostomies at the University College Hospital, Ibadan
Get PDFBackground: Tracheostomy is the creation of a communication between the trachea and the overlying skin, maintained by a tube. This is done either by an open or percutaneous technique. Anatomical and physiological variation of the paediatric trachea and adjoining structures necessitates finite skills and consistent competence in performing pediatric tracheostomies, lack of which may cause higher mortality and morbidity outcome in tracheostomies in the pediatric age group.
Objectives: There are inadequate local data on the outcomes of pediatric tracheostomies; therefore, we conducted a local audit of pediatric tracheostomy to describe our experience.
Methods: A retrospective study of pediatric patients who had tracheostomies from June 2011 to December 2017 was done.
Results: Thirty‑four patients were identified, all of whom had an open tracheostomy. The age range was 3 weeks to 16 years; M: F ratio was 2.4:1. Indications for surgery were obstructive (88.2%) and prolonged‑assisted intubation (11.8%). Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, retropharyngeal abscess, and foreign‑body aspiration were the main obstructive causes. Three patients (8.8%) had repeat procedures, and these patients were initially discharged on tracheostomy tube and instructions were given for home care.
Conclusion: Despite the evolving local challenges peculiar to clinical practice in developing countries, the outcome of pediatric tracheostomy in our hospital is good.
Keywords: Audit, pediatric, tracheostom
Auditory lifestyles, attitudes to noise and beliefs about hearing loss and hearing protection among undergraduates in southern Nigeria
No full textNoise tolerance is a possible reflection of the attitudes of young people, and probably influenced by beliefs on hearing loss and the use of hearing protection devices. This study addressed the attitudes and beliefs of young Nigerians towards noise thereby providing background data that is necessary for design of culturally relevant interventions to reduce noise exposure and hearing loss. This study determined the attitude towards noise and beliefs about hearing loss and hearing protection among young people in Nigeria.It was a cross-sectional study using semi-structured questionnaires. The subjects were 427 university undergraduate students. Data was collected on their attitudes to noise and beliefs about hearing protection and hearing loss. Youths Attitude to Noise (YANS) and Beliefs about Hearing Protection and Hearing Loss (BAHPL) instruments were completed by the subjects.Majority of the subjects had neutral attitude towards noise and neutral attitude in Beliefs About Hearing Protection and Hearing Loss while only a minority used any form of hearing protection devices. Indifference is the main attitude of young Nigerians towards noise and hearing loss. Future interventions should focus on the harmful effects of noise, emphasizing the need to avoid exposure to loud noise while encouraging use of hearing protection devices during noise exposure.Keywords: Attitude, Culture, Young people, Noise, Hearing los
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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