28 research outputs found
Global Business Moral Order and the Challenge of Ethical Relativism in International Business Practices
No full textIn the field of applied ethics, there is intimidating recurrent issue of universalized, globalized and internationalized value system in view of protracted antithetical posture of ethical relativism. The potency of ethical relativism as an antithesis to ethical universalism is accentuated by the pervading tendencies of culture specifics in moral value-analysis. As efforts are being made by scholars to isolate the sense in which the subject matter of ethical relativism can suitably be articulated as basis for moral assertions, the increasing spate of globalized value-system in practical human socio-political and economic activities have continue to emphasize the ubiquitous nature and importance of universal approach to moral value analysis. The paper examines the emerging phenomenon of Global Business Moral Order (GBMO) against the backdrop of the threatening defiance of ethical relativists’ posture in international business practices. It concludes that global business moral order is not impossible if available contradictions are resolved in favour of uniform moral order to regulate international unethical business practices. Keywords: Ethical Universalism, Business Moral Order, Ethical Relativis
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Practices and the Challenge of Taking Ownership: A Case Study of Frustrations of Shell Petroleum Development Company in Niger-Delta Region of Nigeria.
No full textAccess to Grants and Other Resources for Growth and Poverty Reduction by Community Development Association’s through Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR) Opportunities in Nigeria
No full textThe paper observes that excruciating poverty in African developing countries requires multi-stakeholders interventions. It specifically identifies corporate social responsibility opportunities in the areas of grant disbursements and other resources availability as veritable means of contributing to rapid development of African communities. The paper posits that there are key resources that are available through CSR opportunities for pro-active developments and to solving African development challenge. It specifically exemplifies available categories of corporate organizations and their social responsibilities potentials in Nigeria community development landscape. It concludes by highlighting steps through which Community Developments Associations (CDAs) can access CSR opportunities across Nigerian communities for high development impact
Agricutural value chain optimisation in a turbulent economy: A study of smallholder farmers in Nigeria
No full textThis study aims to uncover the factors that impact agricultural value chain optimisation for small-holder farmers in Nigeria amidst economic instability. The study was conducted in the south-west, north-central, and core northern regions of Nigeria, which were selected for their suitability for cashew and sesame production respectively, taking into, account the crops’ requirements and environmental conditions. The data used in this study was obtained from primary sources which include structured questionnaires administered to 450 respondents and key informant interviews. Using Stata, the collected data was analysed using descriptive statistics and econometric models. A two-stage least square regression analysis was conducted to explore the factors that contribute to the optimisation of cashew and sesame value chain, and a multiple linear regression model was employed to examine the variables impacting production costs. The findings of the study indicated that household head's age, educational level, cashew yield, cultivated area, and economic instability are crucial factors that influence the optimisation of the value chain for small-scale cashew farmers; the size of the household, monthly income, years of farming experience, sesame yield, land area dedicated to sesame cultivation, and inflation rate has a crucial impact on the value chain optimisation of small-holder sesame farmers. Additionally, the age of the head of the household, literacy level, monthly income, purchasing cost of better seeds, farming equipment, production inputs, and the cost of inbound and outbound logistics are significant contributors to the total production cost for cashew farmers. Furthermore, this study found that monthly income, cost of improved seeds, fertilizers, and labour play a significant role in determining the production cost of sesame farming during economic instability. In conclusion, this study emphasises the significance of the aforementioned factors in enhancing the agricultural value chain for small-scale farmers in Nigeria. These results hold significant meaning for policy makers as they can draw insights from this study to develop and implement targeted initiatives aimed at enhancing the conditions of smallholder farmers
Shell Failed Community Engagement in Niger-Delta Region and Implications for CSR Practices: Towards Global Best Practices for Sustainable Stakeholders’ Involvement
No full textThe study examines the experience of Shell Petroleum Development Corporation (SPDC) in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices. The study observes that the experience of SPDC is one of deep frustrations occasioned by inappropriate and ineffective stakeholders’ engagement. The study also observes that aside from making host community encounter repeated deprivations, the SPDC in the Niger Delta fails to adequately involve stakeholders in its CSR agenda in ways that are acceptable. All these raised the challenge of designing best CSR practices for stakeholders’ engagements to address communities that perennially suffer the negative impacts of business activities. The study concludes by attempting a template for global best practices for sustainable stakeholder engagement with hostile host communities in CSR practices in order to achieve sustainable business practices. Keywords: CSR, Niger-Delta, Relationship Management, SPDC, Sustainability DOI: 10.7176/IAGS/93-03 Publication date: January 31st 202
The 2021 Magnonics Roadmap
No full textMagnonics is a budding research field in nanomagnetism and nanoscience that addresses the use of spin waves (magnons) to transmit, store, and process information. The rapid advancements of this field during last one decade in terms of upsurge in research papers, review articles, citations, proposals of devices as well as introduction of new sub-topics prompted us to present the first roadmap on magnonics. This is a collection of 22 sections written by leading experts in this field who review and discuss the current status besides presenting their vision of future perspectives. Today, the principal challenges in applied magnonics are the excitation of sub-100 nm wavelength magnons, their manipulation on the nanoscale and the creation of sub-micrometre devices using low-Gilbert damping magnetic materials and its interconnections to standard electronics. To this end, magnonics offers lower energy consumption, easier integrability and compatibility with CMOS structure, reprogrammability, shorter wavelength, smaller device features, anisotropic properties, negative group velocity, non-reciprocity and efficient tunability by various external stimuli to name a few. Hence, despite being a young research field, magnonics has come a long way since its early inception. This roadmap asserts a milestone for future emerging research directions in magnonics, and hopefully, it will inspire a series of exciting new articles on the same topic in the coming years.Computer Engineerin
Modulation of adenylate cyclase gene (cya) expression and cyclic amp production in escherichia coli k-12, 1991
No full textIn this study, adenylate cyclase regulatory mutants were isolated from HB101 and CA8300 strains. The cva gene fragment was used to transform several cva mutants, via pBR322 plasmid. From these studies, a direct correlation between the levels of intracellular cAMP, adenylate cyclase and j8-galactosidase was found. The cloned cva fragment restored the level of cAMP to above normal range within these cva mutant strains subsequent to transformation. Indole acetic acid (IAA) significantly elevated the levels of adenylate cyclase and cAMP in cell cultures. Growth studies indicated that IAA served as a modulator of cva gene expression at the transcriptional level. Gel retardation experiment suggested that IAA appeared to bind to cva gene fragment. Glucose catabolite repression studies suggested that IAA can substitute cAMP in eliciting gene expression of the lac operon
Government Intervention in ·Industrial Relations Practice in Nigeria: Issues and Problems
No full textThis paper examined the role of the state in Industrial Relations in Nigeria.
In the process, the author attempted to see if government's role in Industrial
Relation Practice was for peace or trouble mongering. The paper highlighted
government's labour policies and consequences. Government's role in resolving
conflicting issues, historical and comparative analysis and some major issues in
labour management trends were equally examined by the author. The paper submit
that all actors in industrial relations should desire and provide for peace and that
the initiative for developing and maintaining satisfactory labour relations must
rest with the entire stakeholders in Industrial Relation
Retracted: A double blind, placebo controlled randomized evaluation of the efficacy of a Polyherbal Preparation (FaradinR) in treating sickle cell anaemia in Nigerian children
No full textThe Editorial Board of the Research Journal of Health Sciences has retracted this publication, Research Journal of Health Sciences, 2021, 9(3): 254-263’ arising from complaint of one of the authors, (Adeyeye M.C.), whose permission was not obtained before inclusion as a co-author. The lead author did not also include the ethical approval details in the publication. We tender unreserved apology to the complainant.
Editor.
Introduction: The goal of management of sickle cell anaemia (SCA), for many years, has been to manage acute intermittent crises and slow down chronic end organ damage. In the past few decades, with increasing understanding of its pathophysiology, compounds primarily preventive in action are being investigated and used. Faradin® (a poly-herbal traditional supplement mixture) has been used aspreventive measure against painful episodes by SCA patients as an over the counter medication and anecdotal evidence suggests that it reduced the frequency and severity of painful crises as well as transfusion requirements. Alternative medications that are both affordable and available should be considered viable alternatives provided safety and efficacy are assured because of the high disease burden in Nigeria.Methods: This was a double controlled randomized study was carried out on twenty children. Each enrolled patient was randomized into either the herbal mixture or placebo after permission to participate in the study was obtain from the parents/guardian for children below 15 years or from both parents/guardian and the patients where the latter are older than 15 years. The main exclusion criterion was prior use or exposure to Faradin. Primary end points were pain alteration, death during study and blood transfusion frequency. Secondary endpoints were hemoglobin levels, neutrophil count, platelet count, hemoglobin F and A2 levels, serum bilirubin, nitric oxide concentration, drug toxicity and severe complications of sickle cell anemia reported during the study.Results: There was no severe adverse event, deaths or transfusion recorded in the two groups throughout the duration of the study. Mean hematocrit was increased in the Faradin group and reticulocyte count was increased by 12 %. Faradin reduced the total white cell count to half its baseline level and increased hemoglobin F levels by 10%. Weight and appetite were reported to increased and engenders a generalfeeling of wellbeing.Conclusion: Faradin appears to be an efficacious, nontoxic, available and affordable remedy for treating SCA patients in our setting
Multinational Corporations (MNCs) and Corporate Social Responsibilities (CSR): Opportunities for Sustainable Community Developments in Africa
No full textAs the quest for multi-stakeholders’ approach to the development of communities and societies across Africa becomes intensified in view of reduced government pro-active development efforts due to dwindling resources and high competing demands from other sectors, the paper examines available opportunities for community development through CSR programs of multinational corporations. It observes that corporate social responsibility programs of multinational corporations have not made meaningful development impacts despite the fact that corporate social responsibility platforms are veritable means of fast-tracking development at community level across Africa. It concludes by identifying strategies for enhancing corporate social responsibility impacts and possible areas of interventions for community development across Africa through multinational corporations’ corporate social responsibility platforms
