1,720,953 research outputs found
Maternal knowledge and attitude to early infant HIV diagnosis
Get PDFThesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The global targets of zero deaths from AIDS-related illness by the year 2015 can only be met if all HIV infected infants can be diagnosed and initiated on anti-retroviral therapy as early as four to six weeks. WHO/UNICEF reported in 2010 that only 8% of eligible infants were tested worldwide. There seems to be more attention directed towards service delivery and less attention on empowering mothers to make voluntary decision to access the services. The influence of maternal knowledge of infant HIV infection and the impact on the attitude towards knowing the status of their children so early in life remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge and attitude of the HIV positive mothers to early infant diagnosis in order to make strategic recommendations to the health authorities on how to scale up the services in the various health facilities. A qualitative study was conducted in two health centres in King Sabata Dalindyebo Municipality of Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. This qualitative study drew in-depth interview with twenty-four HIV positive mothers/ exposed infants’ pair attending the immunization clinics. The results obtained were presented to two focus groups for discussion and validation of findings. Thematic analysis explored the emerging themes relevant to the objective of the study and health authorities. The study found that there is a high level of awareness about infant HIV infection. Majority of the participants were aware of MTCT of HIV and the timing of transmission (pregnancy, delivery and breastfeeding). Majority of the participants were aware about the protection offered by maternal exposure to ARVs however, only few participants knew about the risk of transmission despite ARV use. Majority of the participants did not know the right time to bring their infant for HIV test. Majority of the participants never thought about HIV test for their infant as early as six weeks. Majority of the mothers have fears about bringing their infants for HIV test so early. They have concerns about recommending early infant diagnosis to other children in their community due to the perceived disclosure of their own status. The study found that despite good knowledge of mothers about infant HIV infection and prevention methods, the knowledge about early infant diagnosis is lacking. The attitude of the mothers to knowing the status of their infant so early in life is challenging for them. The health authorities have more work to do to empower these mothers with knowledge about early infant diagnosis and early ART initiation to increase the chances of survival of HIV infected infants.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die internasionale mikpunt van geen sterftes weens vigsverwante siektes teen die jaar 2015 kan slegs bereik word as alle MIV-besmette babas reeds op vier tot ses weke gediagnoseer word en antiretrovirale terapie (ART) ontvang. Die WGO/UNICEF het in 2010 berig dat slegs 8% van babas wat getoets moet word, in werklikheid wêreldwyd getoets is. Dit blyk dat meer aandag aan dienslewering en minder aan die bemagtiging van moeders om die vrywillige besluit om van die dienste gebruik te maak, geskenk word. Die invloed van moeders se kennis op MIV-besmetting van babas en die impak op die houding teenoor kennis van die status van hul kinders op so ’n vroeë ouderdom is steeds onbekend. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die kennis en houding van MIV-positiewe moeders rakende vroeë diagnose van babas te ondersoek ten einde strategiese aanbevelings aan die gesondheidsowerhede te maak oor verbetering van die dienste in die onderskeie gesondheidsfasiliteite. ’n Kwalitatiewe studie is in twee gesondheidsentrums in King Sabata Dalindyebo-munisipaliteit in die provinsie Oos-Kaap, Suid-Afrika, onderneem. Dit het diepte-onderhoude met 24 MIV-positiewe moeders/blootgestelde babas wat die immuniseringsklinieke besoek het, behels. Die resultate is aan twee fokusgroepe vir bespreking en bekragtiging van die bevindings voorgelê. Tydens ’n tematiese ontleding is die temas wat aan die lig gekom het wat betrekking het op die doelstellings van die studie en gesondheidsowerhede ondersoek. Daar is gevind dat daar ’n hoë vlak bewustheid van MIV-besmetting van babas is. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers was bewus van moeder-na-kind-oordrag van MIV en die tydsberekening van oordrag (swangerskap, geboorte en borsvoeding). Die meerderheid van die deelnemers was ook bewus van die beskerming wat gebied word deur die moeder se blootstelling aan ART, maar net ’n paar deelnemers het egter geweet van die risiko van oordrag ongeag die gebruik van ART. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers het nie geweet wat die korrekte tyd is om hul baba vir ’n MIV-toets te bring nie. Die meerderheid het nog nooit ’n MIV-toets vir hul baba voor die ouderdom van ses weke oorweeg nie. Die meerderheid van die moeders was bang om hul babas so vroeg reeds vir MIV te laat toets. Hulle is begaan oor die aanbeveling van vroeë diagnose vir ander mense in hul gemeenskap weens die waargenome bekendmaking van hul eie status. Die studie het bevind dat ongeag moeders se grondige kennis van MIV-besmetting van babas en voorsorgmaatreëls, daar ’n gebrek aan kennis oor vroeë diagnose van babas is. Die houding van die moeders teenoor kennis van die status van hul baba op so ’n vroeë ouderdom hou vir hulle ’n uitdaging in. Die gesondheidsowerhede moet hulle daarop toespits om hierdie moeders sonder kennis oor vroeë diagnose van babas en vroeë nakoming van ART te bemagtig ten einde MIV-besmette babas se kanse op oorlewing te verhoog.Master
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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