1,720,978 research outputs found
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Kari (Murraya Koenigii) terhadap Penghambatan Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia Coli
No full textInfectious diseases are one of the main public health problems in developing countries, especially Indonesia. One of them is a urinary tract infection or UTI, which is an infection due to the growth of microorganisms in the urinary tract which can be divided into upper, lower, complicated, or uncomplicated urinary tract infections. Urinary tract infections are common in women. One of the most common bacteria that cause urinary tract infections is Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacterium that usually lives as normal flora in the digestive tract, but due to poor hygiene and other causative factors, these bacteria can move up into the urinary tract and multiply in the urine. One of the plants in Indonesia that has the potential as a medicinal plant is the curry leaf plant (Murraya Koenigii). Objectives. This study was conducted to determine the effect of curry leaf extract (Murraya Koenigii) on the growth inhibition of Escherichia coli bacteria. Method. Antibacterial test using the well diffusion method and the liquid dilution method. The wells were made using a cork punch with a diameter of 6 mm. Curry leaves (Murraya Koenigii) were collected from a family plantation in the Medan area. Curry leaves (Murraya Koenigii) were extracted by the maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent. There were 6 treatments, with concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%, positive control of levofloxacin and negative control of DMSO. After finding the most effective concentration from the diffusion test, it was continued with a dilution test to determine the MIC and MBC with the concentrations found. Each treatment was repeated four times. Results. Inhibition zone diameter data were analyzed using Krauskal-Wallis statistical test. The results showed that there were significant differences in all treatments (p<0.05), the dilution method failed in the experiment due to several factors. Conclusion. The ethanol extract of curry leaves has an inhibitory effect on the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria.96 halamanSkripsi Sarjan
Profil Penderita Kanker Ovarium Recurrent di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik dari Tahun 2018-2021
No full textIntroduction. Ovarian cancer is an abnormal growth of the ovaries. In 2020, the number of new cases of ovarian cancer in the world was 313,959 and ranked 8th place in cancer cases in women with a mortality rate of 207,252 people, while in Indonesia, there were 14,896 new cases and ranked 3rd in cancer cases in women with mortality rates reaching 9581. Asymptomatic tumor growth, delayed symptoms, and lack of proper screening often cause ovarian cancer to be diagnosed at an advanced stage. Recurrence increases with the increasing stage. Aim. To find out the profile of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer at the Haji Adam Malik General Hospital from 2018-2021. Method. Descriptive research with a cross sectional design that uses a sampling technique of non-probability sampling consecutive sampling type. The data used is secondary data by observing the medical records of recurrent ovarian cancer patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital Medan. Results. In this study, it was found that 69% of people came from North Sumatra Province outside the city of Medan, 73% of the age group 41-60, 54% multiparous, 77% advanced stage, 96% epithelial type, 85% with the optimal type of debulking surgery, (85%) chemotherapy is prolonged, and 46% of people have a recurrence time of 1-2 years. Conclusion. Characteristics of recurrent ovarian cancer patients are mostly from North Sumatra Province outside Medan City, age 41-60 years, multiparous, advanced stage, epithelial type, optimal type of debulking surgery, prolonged chemotherapy, and recurrent 1-2 years.78 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Karakteristik Ibu Hamil dengan HIV/AIDS di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik Medan Tahun 2012-2016
No full textBackground. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a type of virus that attacks or infects white blood cells and causes the decline of human immune. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is the emergence of a set of symptoms of immune diseases decreased due to infection by HIV. Due to decreased immunity the person is very susceptible and fatal to various infectious diseases (opportunistic infections). HIV-infected people need antiretroviral treatment to reduce the amount of HIV virus in the body to prevent entering the AIDS stage. Aim. This study aims to determine the characteristics of pregnant women with HIV/AIDS at Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Haji Adam Malik (RSUP HAM) in 2012-2016. Method. The type of research conducted in this study is descriptive with cross-sectional design. The population in this study were pregnant women with HIV/AIDS in RSUP HAM. The sample of research used is total sampling technique. Data collection used in this research is medical record by taking secondary data of pregnant woman with HIV / AIDS from status card of medical record. Data from the RSUP HAM in 2012-2016 were then analyzed with the Statistical Package for The Social Sciences (SPSS) program. Results. The results of this study indicate that pregnant women with HIV/AIDS in RSUP HAM are mostly at age> 30 years (75,6%), Batak (60%), high school (51,1%), work as housewife ( 73,3%), parity 0-1 (73,3%), duration of antiretroviral> 1 year (97,8%), CD4 count 30 tahun (75,6%), Batak (60%), tamat sekolah menengah atas (SMA) (51,1%), bekerja sebagai ibu rumah tangga (73,3%), jumlah paritas 0-1 (73,3%), durasi pemakaian antiretroviral >1 tahun (97,8%), jumlah CD4 <350/mm3 (48,9%), dan metode persalinan perabdominal (SC) (66,7%).Skripsi Sarjan
Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Biji Buah Durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans
No full textBackground. Infectious diseases are one of the biggest threats to world health, especially for developing countries like Indonesia. This allows for the development of infectious diseases such as infections caused by fungi. One of the most common fungal infectious agents is Candida albicans. The incidence of antifungal resistance has become a major problem and threat so that new innovations are needed. One way is to develop and utilize plants that have been tested for their effectiveness as drugs that have antifungal properties. One of them is the durian plant (Durio zibethinus M.). The results of the phytochemical screening test for durian seeds contained alkaloids, flavonoids, and triterpenoids which were proven to be potential antifungal agents. Destination. This study was conducted to determine the effect of durian seed extract (Durio zibethinus Murray) on the inhibition of growth of Candida albicans. Method. The antifungal test used the well diffusion method and liquid dilution. The well was made using a cork hole tool with a diameter of 7 mm and was diluted using a test tube. Durian seeds are collected from durian orchards in Sindar Raya Village, Simalungun Regency. Durio zibethinus M. seeds were extracted by maceration method using 70% ethanol solvent. 6 treatments were performed, namely with a concentration of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, a positive control for ketoconazole and a negative control for DMSO. Each treatment was repeated 6 times. After finding the most effective concentration from the diffusion test, it is followed by a dilution test to determine MIC and MBC with an additional concentration of 10%, 6.25% and 3.125%. Result. The inhibition zone diameter data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA statistical test. The results showed that there were significant differences in the data for all treatments (p <0.05). Conclusion. The ethanol extract of durian seeds has antifungal power against Candida albicans, a concentration of 25% is the most effective concentration in inhibiting the diffusion method and has a MIC value at a concentration of 3.125% and MBC at a concentration of 6.25%.Latar Belakang. Penyakit infeksi merupakan salah satu ancaman besar bagi kesehatan dunia, terutama bagi negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Hal ini memungkinkan untuk berkembangnya penyakit infeksi diantaranya adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh jamur. Salah satu agen infeksius jamur tersering adalah Candida albicans. Kejadian resistensi antijamur telah menjadi permasalahan dan ancaman besar sehingga diperlukan adanya inovasi baru. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan mengembangkan dan memanfaatkan tanaman yang sudah diuji efektivitasnya sebagai obat yang memiliki khasiat antijamur. Salah satunya adalah tanaman durian (Durio zibethinus M.). Biji durian memiliki kandungan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, dan triterpenoid yang terbukti berpotensi sebagai antijamur. Tujuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak biji durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans. Metode. Uji antijamur menggunakan metode difusi cara sumuran dan dilusi cair. Sumuran dibuat menggunakan alat pelubang gabus dengan diameter 7 mm dan dilusi menggunakan tabung reaksi. Biji durian dikumpulkan dari kebun buah durian di Desa Sindar Raya Kabupaten Simalungun. Biji Durio zibethinus M. diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Dilakukan 6 perlakuan, yaitu dengan konsentrasi 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 75%, kontrol positif ketokonazol dan kontrol negatif DMSO. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak 6 kali. Setelah didapati konsentrasi yang paling efektif dari uji difusi, dilanjutkan dengan uji dilusi untuk menentukan KHM dan KBM dengan konsentrasi 10 %, 6,25% dan 3,125%. Hasil. Data diameter zona hambat dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik One Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada data semua perlakuan (p<0,05). Kesimpulan. Ekstrak etanol biji durian memiliki daya antijamur terhadap Candida albicans, dengan konsentrasi 25% merupakan konsentrasi paling efektif dalam menghambat pada metode difusi dan memiliki nilai KHM pada konsentrasi 3,125% dan KBM pada konsentrasi 6,25%.91 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium Guajava.L) terhadap Penghambatan Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia Coli
No full textUrinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection caused by the growth of microorganisms
in the urinary tract which can be classified into upper, lower, complicated or uncomplicated urinary
tract infections. Urinary tract infections are the second most common infection after respiratory
tract infections. Urinary tract infections are common in women. One of the most common bacteria
that causes urinary tract infections is Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli is a gram-negative bacteria
that usually lives as a normal flora in the lower gastrointestinal tract, but due to poor hygiene and
other causes, these bacteria can ascending to the urinary tract and multiply in the urine. The best
therapy for this problem is antibiotic, but a lot of misuses antibiotics, there has been a lot of
resistance. So there is a need for new innovations to develop potential medicinal plants. One of the
plants in Indonesia that has the potential as a medicinal plant is the guava plant (Psidium guajava
L.) which contains flavonoid compounds, phenols, and tannins in guava leaves in several studies
which have been shown to have potential as antibacterial purposes. Objectives. The study was
conducted to determine the influences of guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.) on the inhibitiory
of the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. Method. Antibacterial test using the way to diffusion
method and the liquid dilution method. The diffusion methode were made using a cork borer with a
diameter of 6 mm. Psidium guavaja L. leaves were collected from a family plantation in the Medan
area. Psidium guajava leaves were extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol as solvent.
There were 6 treatments, with concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 75%, positive control and
negative control DMSO. After finding the most effective concentration from the diffusion test, it was
continued with a dilution test to determine the MIC and MBC with the concentrations found. Each
treatment was repeated four times. Results. The results of the phytochemical screening of the
extracts found that metabolites have the potential anti-bacterial such as flavonoids, alkaloids and
tannins. Inhibition zone diameter data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis One Way ANOVA
statistical test. The results showed that there were significant differences in all treatments (p<0.05),
the dilution method failed in the experiment due to several factors. Conclusion. Guava leaf extract
has inhibitory power in the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria.Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) adalah infeksi yang disebabkan karena adanya
pertumbuhan mikroorganisme pada traktus saluran kemih yang bisa dibedakan menjadi infeksi
saluran kemih traktus urinasi bagian atas, bawah, berkomplikasi atau tidak berkomplikasi. Infeksi
saluran kemih merupakan infeksi yang menempati posisi kedua tersering setelah infeksi saluran
pernafasan. Infeksi saluran kemih sering terjadi pada wanita. Salah satu bakteri penyebab
terbanyak yang menyebabkan infeksi saluran kemih adalah Escherichia coli. Escherichia coli
merupakan bakteri dengan gram negatif yang biasanya hidup sebagai flora normal di saluran
pencernaan, namun karena adanya perlakuan higienis yang tidak baik dan beberapa faktor
penyebab lainnya , bakteri ini dapat berpindah secara naik atau ascending ke saluran kemih dan
berkembang biak di urin. Antibiotik merupakan terapi dalam masalah ini, namun karena banyaknya
penyalahgunaan antibiotik, sudah banyak terjadi resistensi. Sehingga perlu adanya inovasi baru
untuk mengembangkan tanaman obat yang berpotensi. Salah satu tanaman di Indonesia yang
berpotensi sebagai tanaman obat adalah tanaman jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) kandungan
senyawa flavonoid, fenol, dan tannin pada daun jambu biji dalam beberapa penelitian telah
dibuktikan berpotensi sebagai antibakteri Tujuan. Tujuan Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk
mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) terhadap daya penghambatan
pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli. Metode. Uji antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cara
sumuran dan metode dilusi cair. Sumuran dibuat menggunakan alat pelubang gabus dengan
diameter 6 mm. Daun Psidium guavaja L. dikumpulkan dari perkebunan keluarga yang berada di
daerah Medan. Daun Psidium guajava diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut
etanol 96%. Dilakukan 6 perlakuan, yaitu dengan konsentrasi 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 75%, kontrol
positif dan kontrol negatif DMSO. Setelah didapati konsentrasi yang paling efektif dari uji difusi,
dilanjutkan dengan uji dilusi untuk menentukan KHM dan KBM dengan konsentrasi yang didapati.
Setiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak empat kali. Hasil. Hasil skrining fitokimia
ekstrak didapati senyawa metabolit yang berpeluang sebagai anti bakteri seperti flavonoid,alkaloid
dan tanin. Data diameter zona hambat dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik Kruskal-Wallis One
Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada semua
perlakuan (p<0,05), metode dilusi gagal dalam percobaan dikarenakan beberapa faktor.
Kesimpulan. Ekstrak etanol daun jambu biji memiliki daya penghambatan dalam pertumbuhan
bakteri Escherichia coli.106 halamanSkripsi Sarjan
Hubungan antara Status Pendidikan dengan Tingkat Pengetahuan terhadap Deteksi Dini Kanker Leher Rahim pada Perempuan Usia Reproduktif di Puskesmas Padang Bulan
No full textLatar Belakang. Kanker serviks merupakan penyakit dimana pertumbuhan sel tubuh yang abnormal dan tidak terkendali yang berasal dari mulut rahim (serviks) dan dapat menyebar ke bagian tubuh manapun. Departemen Kesehatan RI memperkirakan jumlah wanita penderita baru kanker serviks berkisar 90-100 kasus per 100.000 penduduk dan terjadi 40.000 kasus kanker serviks setiap tahunnya. Namun, upaya deteksi dini kanker serviks di Indonesia masih sangat rendah, hanya sekitar 5% wanita Indonesia yang terekspos dengan Pap Smear dan inspeksi visual asam asetat (IVA). Hal ini disebabkan oleh rendahnya pengetahuan dan kesadaran diri masyarakat Indonesia untuk melakukan pemeriksaan deteksi dini kanker serviks. Tujuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara status pendidikan dengan tingkat pengetahun terhadap deteksi dini kanker leher rahim pada perempuan usia reproduktif. Metode. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Puskesmas Padang Bulan dengan pendekatan cross-sectional menggunakan data primer. Sampel penelitian merupakan mereka yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditentukan dan jumlah sampel ditentukan dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner yang telah divalidasi. Hasil. Diperoleh hasil analisis data hubungan antara status pendidikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan dengan p value untuk pengetahuan mengenai kanker serviks sebesar 0,022, untuk pengetahuan mengenai faktor risiko kanker serviks sebesar 0,076, untuk pengetahuan mengenai Pap smear sebesar 0,182, dan untuk pengetahuan mengenai IVA sebesar 0,040. Kesimpulan. Adanya hubungan antara status pendidikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan terhadap kanker serviks dan IVA. Tidak ditemukan hubungan antara status pendidikan dengan tingkat pengetahuan terhadap faktor risiko kanker serviks dan pengetahuan Pap smear.Background. Cervical cancer is a disease where there’s an uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells which start from the cervix and able to spread to any part of the body. The Indonesian Ministry of Health predicted the number of women with new cervical cancer case would be around 90-100 cases per 100.000 inhabitants and around 40.000 cases occurs every year. However, early detection for cervical cancer in Indonesia is still very low, only about 5% of Indonesian women are exposed to Pap smears and IVA. This is due to the low knowledge and awareness of the Indonesian people to perform the examination of early detection of cervical cancer. Aim. This study aimed to determine correlation between the education status with the level of knowledge of early detection of cervical cancer in women of reproductive age. Method. This study will be held at Padang Bulan Public Health Care with cross-sectional approach using primary data, The samples are all women of reproductive age at Padang Bulan Public Health Care who fulfilled the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The amount of samples are being calculated with Slovin formula. This study is using a validated questionnaire. Result. The p values from data analysis for the correlation between education status and knowledge level are 0,022 for knowledge about cervical cancer, 0,076 for knowledge about cervical cancer’s risk factors, 0,182 for knowledge about Pap smear and 0,040 for knowledge about IVA. Conclusion. There have been found correlation between education status and knowledge level on cervical cancer and IVA. There haven’t been found any correlation between education status and knowledge level on cervical cancer’s risk factors and knowledge about Pap smear.Skripsi Sarjan
Histerektomi Radikal pada Kanker Serviks di RSUP.H.Adam Malik Medan Januari 2002 – Desember 2006
No full textTujuan : Untuk mengevaluasi outcome tindakan histerektomi radikal yang dilakukan pada penderita kanker serviks di RSUP.H.Adam Malik Medan, mengetahui karakteristik penderita, hubungan besar tumor dan stadium dengan keterlibatan Kelenjar Getah Bening (KGB), mengetahui Interval Bebas Penyakit (IBP) dan komplikasi dini histerektomi radikal. Rancangan Penelitian : Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif dengan meneliti data – data yang diambil dari rekam medik semua penderita kanker serviks yang dilakukan histerektomi radikal di RSUP.H.Adam Malik Medan mulai Januari 2002 hingga Desember 2006. Data yang diperoleh dicatat di formulir penelitian dan dianalisa secara statistik dengan uji Chi-square . Hasil Penelitian : Dalam kurun waktu Januari 2002 hingga Desember 2006, dijumpai sebanyak 136 kasus kanker serviks yang terdiri dari 37 kasus stadium awal ( 27,2 %) dan 99 kasus stadium lanjut (72,8%). Dari 37 kasus stadium awal tersebut, 10 kasus tidak dilakukan histerektomi radikal dengan berbagai alasan sehingga jumlah kasus yang termasuk dalam penelitian ini adalah 27 kasus. Kasus kanker serviks stadium awal yang dilakukan histerektomi radikal terbanyak berada pada kelompok usia 40 – 49 tahun yaitu sebanyak 18 kasus (66,7%). Sebanyak 9 (33,3%) kasus menikah pada usia 20 tahun. Kasus terbanyak adalah wanita dengan paritas 2 – 4 yaitu 16 (59,3%) kasus. Dua (7,4%) kasus mempunyai suami 2 orang, dan 25 (92,6%) kasus mempunyai suami 1 orang. Ditinjau dari pekerjaan suami, dijumpai pekerjaan suami terbanyak adalah : 10 (37,0%) kasus wiraswasta. Sebagian besar kasus kanker serviks yang dilakukan histerektomi radikal berada pada stadium IB1 yaitu sebanyak 10 (37%) kasus. Jenis histopatologi terbanyak adalah karsinoma sel skuamosa yaitu sebanyak 16 (59,3%) kasus. Lebih dari separuh kasus yaitu sebanyak 14 (51,16%) datang dengan tumor yang sudah besar ( besar tumor > 4 cm ). Dari laporan hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi dijumpai 12 (44,4%) kasus sudah dijumpai metastase ke KGB pelvis, 12 (44,4%) kasus tidak dijumpai keterlibatan KGB pelvis, sedangkan 3 kasus sisanya tidak dilaporkan tentang keterlibatan KGB nya. Disamping itu dijumpai 2 (7,4%) kasus masih dijumpai sel tumor pada batas sayatan vagina. Dari 27 kasus yang dilakukan histerektomi radikal, sebanyak 14(51,9%) kasus tidak didapatkan data tentang pengamatan lanjut, sehingga yang dapat dinilai tentang interval bebas penyakit hanya 13(48,1%) kasus, Seluruh kasus yang dilakukan histerektomi radikal mempunyai interval bebas penyakit rata – rata 29,69 bulan. Komplikasi dini paska histerektomi radikal yang dijumpai hanya terjadi pada 2 (7,4%) kasus berupa disfungsi kandung kemih. Kasus dengan besar tumor ?4 cm ternyata dijumpai keterlibatan KGB positif sebanyak 4 (36,4%) kasus sedangkan kasus dengan besar tumor >4 cm yang mengalami keterlibatan KGB sebanyak 8 (61,5%) kasus ( p = 0.219 ). Sejalan dengan hal tersebut diatas, berlaku juga pada perbedaan stadium, dimana pada stadium IB1 ternyata dijumpai keterlibatan KGB positif sebanyak 3 (33,3%) kasus sedangkan stadium IB2 yang mengalami keterlibatan KGB sebanyak 7 (58,3%) kasus, dan pada stadium IIA yang dijumpai keterlibatan KGB positif sebanyak 2 (66,6%) kasus ( p = 0.435 ). Kesimpulan : Pada penelitian ini ditemukan tidak dijumpai hubungan yang bermakna antara besar tumor dan stadium kanker serviks dengan keterlibatan KGB pada penderita kanker serviks yang telah dilakukan tindakan histerektomi radikal. Nilai rerata bebas penyakit pada penderita kanker serviks yang telah dilakukan tindakan histerektomi radikal di RSUP.H.Adam Malik Medan adalah 29,69 bulan .Komplikasi dini post operatif histerektomi radikal yang dijumpai hanya berupa disfungsi kandung kemih .84 HalamanTesis Magiste
Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Kulit Buah Durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida albicans
No full textBackground. Candida albicans is a dimorphic shaped fungus that is a member of the Saccaharomycetacea family. This fungus is normally in the reproductive organs and can turn into pathogens if the amount in the body exceeds normal limits. The best option for dealing with this problem is the use of antifungals. The use of relatively high antifungals and the incidence of antifungal resistance has become a major problem, so new innovations are needed to develop medicinal plants that are suspected of having antifungal properties. Durian skin (Durio zibethinus) contains terpenoids, alkaloids, flavonoids, quinones, tannins, and saponins which have proven antifungal potential. Aim. This study was conducted to determine the effect of giving durian (Durio zibethinus) skin extracts to the inhibitory power of the fungus Candida albicans. Method. Antibacterial tests use the diffusion method in the well method. The well is made using a cork pit with a diameter of 7 mm. Durian skin is collected from the waste from the durian traders around the city of Medan. Durian skin was extracted by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. Six treatments were carried out, with concentrations of 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%, positive control of ketoconazole and negative control of DMSO. Each treatment was repeated six times. After the diffusion tests was carried out, it was found that the most effective concentration was the concentration of 6.25%. Then to obtain MIC and KBM, the liquid dilution method was carried out with a concentration of 3.125%, 3%, 1.56% and 0.78%. Result. The inhibition zone diameter data were analyzed using the One Way ANOVA statistical test. The results showed that there were significant differences in all treatments (p <0.05). Conclusion. Durian peel ethanol extract has antifungal power against the growth of Candida albicans, with a concentration of 6.25% being the most effective concentration in inhibiting fungi by diffusion and having MIC at a concentration of 0.78% and MBC at a concentration of 3.125%.Latar Belakang. Candida albicans adalah jamur dimorfik yang merupakan anggota famili Saccharomycetacea. Jamur ini secara normal berada di organ reproduksi dan dapat berubah menjadi patogen apabila jumlahnya di dalam tubuh melebihi batas normal. Pilihan terbaik untuk menanggulangi masalah ini adalah penggunaan antijamur. Penggunaan antijamur yang relatif tinggi dan kejadian resistensi antijamur telah menjadi permasalahan besar sehingga diperlukan adanya inovasi baru untuk mengembangkan tanaman obat yang diduga memiliki khasiat antijamur. Kulit durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) memiliki kandungan senyawa terpenoid, alkaloid, flavonoid, kuinon, tanin, dan saponin yang terbukti berpotensi sebagai antijamur. Tujuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak kulit durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans. Metode. Uji antijamur menggunakan metode difusi cara sumuran. Sumuran dibuat menggunakan alat pelubang gabus dengan diameter 7 mm. Kulit durian dikumpulkan dari kebun buah durian di Desa Sinda Raya Kabupaten Simalungun. Kulit durian diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Dilakukan enam perlakuan, yaitu dengan konsentrasi 50%, 25%, 12,5%, dan 6,25%, kontrol positif ketokonazol dan kontrol negatif DMSO. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak enam kali . Setelah dilakukan uji difusi didapati konsentrasi yang paling efektif adalah konsentrasi 6,25% kemudian untuk mendapatkan KHM dan KBM dilakukan metode dilusi cair dengan konsentrasi 3,125%, 3%, 1,56% dan 0,78%. Hasil. Data diameter zona hambat dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik One Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada semua perlakuan (p<0,05). Kesimpulan. Ekstrak etanol kulit durian memiliki daya antijamur terhadap pertumbuhan Candida albicans, dengan konsentrasi 6,25% adalah konsentrasi yang paling efektif dalam menghambat jamur secara difusi dan memiliki KHM pada konsentrasi 0,78% serta KBM pada konsentrasi 3,125%.92 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
Hubungan Indeks Massa Tubuh dengan Siklus Menstruasi pada Remaja Putri Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri 28 Medan
Get PDFBackground. During adolescence, a woman will experience a change in physiological condition, called menstruation. Menstruation is the process of discharge from the mucous membrane of a woman's uterine wall which contains many blood vessels, and generally occurs 3 to 7 days a month. Body mass index is one of the parameters to place a person into the categories of underweight, normal, overweight and obese. The interpretation of these characteristics is used as risk factors for the prevalence of health problems. A high or low body mass index can cause menstrual cycle disorders in the form of amenorrhea, menstrual irregularities and pain during menstruation. This is because fat is a substance that can influence the process of forming the hormone estrogen, so it greatly influences the condition of the body and the hormone production system which is closely related to menstruation. However, the lack of research regarding the correlation between the two can cause bias for clinicians in determining the correct diagnosis for patients. Objectives. Understanding the correlation between body mass index and the menstrual cycle in class VIII teenage girls at SMPN 28 Medan. Methods. This research is an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach, by comparing the independent variable and the dependent variable to determine the correlation between the two variables using primary data with a sample size of 97 people. Results and Discussion. From the results of this study, the average age of menarche for adolescent girls was 11.26+0.869 with the majority of respondents in this study never having a history of menstrual cycle disorders, namely 58 people (59.8%). The average respondent in this study had a normal menstrual cycle, namely 69 people (71.1%). The majority of young women in this study only exercised once a week, namely 52 people (53.6%) and most had a BMI in the good nutrition category, namely 69 people (71.1%). From the research results, there is a significant relationship between body mass index and age at menarche (p=0.005), and there is a significant relationship between body mass index and menstrual cycle (p=0.034) and menstrual cycle history (p=0.002), shown by p value <0.05.70 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) Terhadap Daya Hambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli. squamosa L.) Terhadap Daya Hambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichia coli.
No full textBackground. Escherichia coli is a rod-shaped gram-negative bacteria that is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae. These bacteria are normally located in the lower gastrointestinal tract and can be transformed into pathogens when the amount and development in the body exceeds the normal limit. The best option for tackling this problem is the use of antibiotics. The use of relatively high antibiotics and the incidence of antibiotic resistance has become a problem and major threat to the environment globally so that there is a need for new innovations to develop medicinal plants that have suspected efficacy Antibacterial. Srikaya Leaf (Annona squamosa L.) has a substance of terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids that prove potentially as antibacterial. Objectives. This study was conducted to determine the influence of Srikaya leaf extract (Annona squamosa L.) on the inhibitory of the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria. Methods. Antibacterial test using the way to diffuse method. It is made using a cork borer with a diameter of 6 mm. Annona leaf squamosa L. collected from a garden located in Lubuk Pakam area, Medan. Annona leaf squamosa L. extracted by maceration method using the 96% ethanol as solvent. Subjects were divided into 6 groups, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50% srikaya leaf extract, positive control gentamicin and negative control DMSO. Each group is repeated four times. Results. Data of the Inhibitory zone diameter was analyzed using the One Way ANOVA statistical test. The results showed there was a significant difference in all treatments (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Srikaya leaf extract (Annona squamosa L.) has antibacterial power against the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria.Latar Belakang. Escherichia coli adalah bakteri gram negatif berbentuk batang yang merupakan anggota famili Enterobacteriaceae. Bakteri ini secara normal berada di saluran pencernaan bagian bawah dan dapat berubah menjadi patogen apabila jumlah dan perkembangaanya didalam tubuh melebihi batas normal. Pilihan terbaik untuk menanggulangi masalah ini adalah penggunaan antibiotik. Penggunaan antibiotik yang relatif tinggi dan kejadian resistensi antibiotik telah menjadi permasalahan dan ancaman besar terhadap lingkungan secara global sehingga diperlukan adanya inovasi baru untuk mengembangkan tanaman obat yang diduga memiliki khasiat antibakteri. Daun srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) memiliki kandungan senyawa terpenoid, alkaloid, dan flavonoid yang terbukti berpotensi sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun srikaya (Annona squamosa L.) terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli. Metode. Uji antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cara sumuran. Sumuran dibuat menggunakan alat pelubang gabus dengan diameter 6 mm. Daun Annona squamosa L. dikumpulkan dari kebun yang berada di daerah Lubuk Pakam, Medan. Daun Annona squamosa L. diekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Dilakukan 6 perlakuan, yaitu dengan konsentrasi 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, dan 50%, kontrol positif gentamisin dan kontrol negatif DMSO. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak empat kali. Hasil. Data diameter zona hambat dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik One Way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada semua perlakuan (p<0,05). Kesimpulan. Ekstrak etanol daun srikaya memiliki daya antibakteri terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli.76 HalamanSkripsi Sarjan
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