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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Social Factors Influencing Women’s Body Image in Isfahan City
No full textIntroduction In the modern world, there is more short relationship among people. Therefore know themselves more with physical and visible characteristics rather than different or similarities in ascribed and achieved characteristics. The appearance of an individual is considered a sign identity. By the other words, what we can see in appearance account as main source of communication, interpretation. Among all of these characteristics, body constitutes the most direct and accessible base that can carry and play different forms of lifestyle and identity, so it is essential. It is perceived that body is a social and cultural reality. Therefore it is conceptualized by sociological theories such as social regulation, social symbols. This research applied the sociological theory of symbolic interaction and social structure of body in order to explain socialization of body and main concepts of the body. These theories portray that family, media, school and peers could influence on socialization. Body image is constituted in the life careers women. They learn how look at their body, how managed their body and how change their bodies. This process passed from family especially in childhood career, school and peers especially in adolescent career and finally media throughout of their life. The overall aim of this study is to explore of social factors influence on women to perception of body image. Alongside with the main aim, this research also seeks to test some hypothesis. The main hypothesis included: 1- there is relationship between spouse attitude and body image in women, 2- there is relationship between women body image and their socialization such as family, school, friends and media, and 3- there is relationship between women body image and age, educational level and marital status. Materials and Methods This is a survey research that adopts a descriptive and analytic method. Statistic society is women of 18 to 40 year-old the city of Isfahan with a population of 106,573. The sample size was calculated according to Cochran formula, 384 cases, and method of sampling was a multistage sampling. In first stage three regions have been chosen according to the Isfahan council information. Then each region divided to the blocks and one of them chooses as statistical unit, finally, the cases have been chosen randomly. The element was questionnaire consisted by research team according to the research theoretical framework. It included two separate parts questions which evaluated both socialization of cases and women body images. The questionnaire validity was provided by scholars and its reliability was calculated according to coefficients Cronbach's alpha (r = 0.70). The data was analyzed by SPSS software. In this line, table distribution frequency has been employed to show descriptive data and tests of Pierson, F and T has been used to analyze the relationship between variables. Discussion of Results & Conclusions Findings showed that mothers, sisters, friends and peers had the most effect on people’s appearance and dress. It is showed that there is relationship between attitudes of family, school around perspective, the use of media and influence of media and age with body image. But there was no significant relationship between management and body view with formation of body image. Also with t-test, relationship between marital status, education and occupation was assessed. The data show that there is a negative relationship between age and women body image. It means increasing age among women could decline their body image and their satisfaction around their bodies. The data also show that single girls had better body image in compare with married women. It is also suggested that increasing educational levels among women could raise women consent related to their body image. The main aim of this study was to study social factors influence on women to perception of body image. The results showed that variables of family, school, peers and media significantly had correlation with body image. The results showed that the major variable in constitution of body image is media. The results also showed that women relatives, school and family also impact on women body image but their influences are not much as media. The results of this research are corresponded with the results in other countries in the matter of media. They show that increasing using media could decline the women consents body images. Family also had a significant impact on women body image has been reported by many research worldwide. The findings of current research confirm their findings. The results of this research showed that relatives and friends had empowered influence on the women body image, so that women body image impactions of significant others had more negative body image among cases. However, it seems socialization can be effective in information of body image during individual’s lifetime. Because according to the results, women high level educated had more attention on their body images in compare with women low level educated. The results of this research also are alongside with other research in Iran and out of Iran. According to the findings it is suggested the researchers consider on perception the processes which each variables such as family, friends, peers, school and media could changes the women body image during a long time period. It seems understanding these processes could be resulted through a qualitative method research. References Amidi, M. Ghofranipoor, F. Hosseini, R. (2006) Body image dissatisfaction and body mass index in adolescent girls. Journal of Research in Behavioural Sciences, 1-2(4):59-65. Ahmad- nia, s (2005) Sociology of body and body in women, Faslnameh Zanan no 5, Tehran: Publishing in Roshangeran and women studies. Azad armaki, T. Chavoshian, H (2002), Body identified as medium, Journal of Sociology in Iran, Vo. 4, No. 4, PP. 57-75. Aghayari, S. (2003), Survey of women attitude to plastic surgery, Bs dissertation in Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tehran. Botta, R. A. (2003) For Your Health? The relationship between magazine reading and adolescents’ body image and eating disturbances, Sex Roles, 48. Boyd, M. A. (2002) Psychiatric nursing. New York: Lippincott. Douglas, M. (1970) Natural symbols: explorations in cosmology, London: The Cresset Press. Ekhlasi, E (2007), A Sociological survey of affecting factors on women body management (case study women of Shiraz), Ms dissertation in Esfahan university. Fouault, M. (2009) Objects and Power in Herbert L. Deryfus and Paul Rabinow, Translated by Hassan Bashirieh, Tehran: Neai Publication. Graven R, hirnlec.Fundamental nursing 3 edi.philadephia, Lippincott com. 2003 Gromel, K. Sargent, R. Wakins, J. Shoob, H. Digioacchino, R. Malian, A. (2000) Measurements of body image in clinical weight loss participants with and without binge-eating traits. Eating Behaviors; 1, 191. Gofman, E. (1984) Stigma: Notes on The Management of Spoiled Identity, Translated by Masoud Kianpour, Tehran: Markaz Publishing. Giddenz, A. (2007) Sociology, Translated by Mohssen Solasi, Tehran: Markaz Publishing. Haworth-Hoeppner, S. (2004). The critical shapes of body image: the role of culture and family in the production of eating disorders, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 62:212-227. Hamzhee, F. Papzan, H. Sharify, M. (2010) Gender Differences in Youth Attitudes to Reference Groups, Journal of women in Developing and politics (Women Research), Vo. 8, No. 4. Kesel, F (2004) Abstraction of Giddens Works, Translated by Hassan Chavoshian, Tehran: GhoGhnos Publishing, First Edition. Keyvanara, M. Rabbani, R. Zhianpour, M. (2010) Social Stratification and Physical Improvements: Plastic Surgery as a Symbol for Social Class, Women’s Socio-Cultural Council Quarterly, Women Strategic Studies, Vo. 12 No.47. Khorshid, L., Eşer, Ĭ, Denat, Y., Cinar, Ş. (2007). An investigation into the body image of women in menopause, International Journal of Human Sciences, Vol. 4, Issue: 2, Levine M, Piran N. (2004) The role of body image in the prevention of eating disorders, Body Image. 1(1):57-70 Levinson, R., Powell, B., Steelman, L. C. (1986). Social location, significant others and body image among adolescents. Social Psychology Quarterly, (4) 49. Lewis, A. C. (1971) Masters of Sociological Thoughts, Translated by Mohssen Solasi, Tehran: Sokhan Publishing. Richardson E, King T, Forsyth H, Clark M. (2000) Body image evaluations in obese females with eating disorder. Eating Behaviors; 1(2)161-171. Shilling, C. (1993) Body and Social Theory, London :Sage publication. Swami, V., Hadji-Michael, M., Furnham, A. (2008). Personality and individual correlates of positive body image, Body Image, 5 (3) 322-325 Urner, B.S, (1978) Medical power and social knowledge, Londan: Saege publication Watkins S. A. (2005), Feminism, Translate by: Zyba Jalali,z, Second Edition,Tehran: Shirazeh Publishing. Zokaee, M. (2008), Culture of Youth Studies, Tehran: Institution of Agah Publication
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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