74 research outputs found
Design, construction and evaluation of a meteorological mobile mast
No full textA 30 metre meteorological mobile mast has been designed and constructed for upper air profile measurements. The parameters to be measured are wind speed, wind direction, temperature and relative humidity. The sensors for each parameter to be measured are constructed with locally available materials. The mechanical mast is designed in such a way that it can be collapsed like the electronic - controlled car radio antenna. It is made up of steel pipes of different diameters driven manually or by an electric motor via a pulley system. The sensors were calibrated with standard instruments and attached to different height of the mast for sample data acquisition. Data obtained from the sensors are stored in a data logger at the base of the mast. The data obtained were analyzed and there are appreciable correlations between the standard and the constructed instruments.Keywords: Instrumented, Meteorological, Mast, Profile, Measurement
Thermodynamic properties of Al in ternary lead-free solder Al-Sn-Zn alloys
No full textAbstractThermodynamic properties of Al were calculated using the molecular interaction volume model (MIVM) by analyzing the activities of components in the constitutive binary Al-Sn, Al-Zn and Sn-Zn subsystems of the ternary lead-free solder Al-Sn-Zn systems. The activities of Al content in the ternary system at three cross-sections with constant molar ratios of Sn:Zn = 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2, respectively, were calculated and compared with available experimental data at 973 K. Based on the agreement between the calculated activity values and corresponding literature data for Al-Sn-Zn alloys and their subsystems, the activity of Al content in the ternary Al-Sn-Zn system was estimated at the same cross-sections and mole ratios in the temperature range of 1073 K to 1373 K, respectively. It has been observed through the computed activity values of Al that the thermodynamic properties of the ternary Al-Sn-Zn systems do not change appreciably with temperature across the molar sections.</jats:p
Demilitarisation Nigeria and South Africa compared
No full textIn sub-Saharan African countries that have made democratic transition from military
rule and military-backed authoritarian regimes, state elites have embarked upon
strategies aimed at demilitarising the new democratic political process. Demilitarisation
of the state and politics has become an imperative because it is decisive for
consolidating democratic politics and for ensuring improvements in public safety and
security. Yet the process of such demilitarisation in these countries has often generated
a paradox, whereby the reduction of the political influence of state institutions of
violence has been associatedw ith rising civil militarism and the prevalenceo f organised
violence in the wider society.
In these circumstances, taking cognisance of the dangers of civil militarism and other
forms of private violence is a priority for designing and implementing demilitarisation
strategies and other security reforms in post-authoritarian African states. Reformminded
political elites and external supporters need to be sensitive to these dangers or
risk perpetuating the shell of electoral democracy that cannot deliver the goal of human
security in the region. This dissertation explored how the current approach to
demilitarisation is related to the problem of civil militarism by examining the case
studies of Nigeria and South Africa. It explains that given the condition of the state in
Africa, demilitarisation of politics after transition from military or military-backed
authoritarianism contributes to the emergence of civil militarism. Based on this finding,
it argues for a comprehensive approach to demilitarisation as a strategy that caters to
both state and societal violence in order to mitigate the risks of civil militarism in the
process
The general as statesman : exploring the professional need for commanders to support viable political outcomes in peace and stability operations as typified by the UK military approach
No full textThe problem of theatre level politico-military arrangements during peace and stability operations is important because the intervening actors, working in complex and often ambiguous circumstances, need to calibrate the application of military and political means as a coherent interdependent whole. This is necessary in order to build peace, secure viable political outcomes and hence strategic successes; however it is not easy in practice. This thesis examines the hypothesis that, beyond their security-related tasks, military commanders should provide direct support to civilian interlocutors in order to facilitate and sustain the local political process. This requires military co-operation with other relevant actors, responsiveness to political direction and the specific shaping of military operations to impact decisively on political outcomes.
This work establishes that Western and United Nations doctrinal guidance extols political primacy and civil-military cooperation but does not fully explain the central importance of the political process, nor does it capture the potential peace building role of the military component. Analysis of practice in Kosovo, Iraq and Afghanistan, suggests that military commanders retain a uniquely influential position and have generally used their military means to positively influence political progress and help coordinate multi-dimensional plans. On occasion, to secure momentum and fill a void, commanders have quietly assumed a political function. Doctrine now needs to be refreshed to reflect practice. It should explain the military role in supporting the political process, elaborate the politico-military relationship as the inner core of a comprehensive approach to peace building and provide candid guidance on the difficulties to be expected where politico-military and coordination arrangements are incoherent. Moreover further work is needed on the wider application of this doctrine by the United Nations and the preparation of civilian leaders for politico-military relationships
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Molecular characterisation of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in wild birds and cattle, Ibadan, Nigeria
No full textBackground: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an increasing global health concern reducing options for therapy of infections and also for perioperative prophylaxis. Many Enterobacteriaceae cannot be treated anymore with third generation cephalosporins (3GC) due to the production of certain 3GC hydrolysing enzymes (extended spectrum beta-lactamases, ESBLs). The role of animals as carriers and vectors of multi-resistant bacteria in different geographical regions is poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the occurrence and molecular characteristics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli) in wild birds and slaughtered cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria. Cattle faecal samples (n = 250) and wild bird pooled faecal samples (cattle egrets, Bubulcus ibis, n = 28; white-faced whistling duck, Dendrocygna viduata, n = 24) were collected and cultured on cefotaxime-eosin methylene blue agar. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by agar diffusion assays and all 3GC resistant isolates were genotypically characterised for AMR genes, virulence associated genes (VAGs) and serotypes using DNA microarray-based assays. Results: All 3GC resistant isolates were E. coli: cattle (n = 53), egrets (n = 87) and whistling duck (n = 4); cultured from 32/250 (12.8%), 26/28 (92.9%), 2/24(8.3%), cattle, egrets and whistling duck faecal samples, respectively. blaCTX-M gene family was prevalent; blaCTX-M15 (83.3%) predominated over blaCTX-M9 (11.8%). All were susceptible to carbapenems. The majority of isolates were resistant to at least one of the other tested antimicrobials; multidrug resistance was highest in the isolates recovered from egrets. The isolates harboured diverse repositories of other AMR genes (including strB and sul2), integrons (predominantly class 1) and VAGs. The isolates recovered from egrets harboured more AMR genes; eight were unique to these isolates including tetG, gepA, and floR. The prevalent VAGs included hemL and iss; while 14 (including sepA) were unique to certain animal isolates. E. coli serotypes O9:H9, O9:H30 and O9:H4 predominated. An identical phenotypic microarray profile was detected in three isolates from egrets and cattle, indicative of a clonal relationship amongst these isolates. Conclusion: Wild birds and cattle harbour diverse ESBL-producing E. coli populations with potential of inter-species dissemination and virulence. Recommended guidelines to balance public health and habitat conservation should be implemented with continuous surveillance. © 2021, The Author(s)
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (EJST): MODELLING NIGERIA EXCHANGE RATE WITH OTHER CURRENCY USING AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE (ARMA)
No full textEKSU JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (EJST)
EDITORIAL POLICY
EKSU Journal of Science and Technology (EJST) is a biannual Journal published by Ekiti State University, Office of Research, Development and Innovation. The Journal aims at periodically exhibiting and advertising the potential of research results within and outside the university as well as promoting dissemination of intellectual publications generally. The Journal, which is multidisciplinary and multicultural in nature covers the publication of original findings in Science and Engineering. It serves as a platform for academics, researchers, professionals, practitioners and students in the Science and Technology field to impart and share knowledge in the form of high quality practical, empirical and theoretical research papers, case studies, literature review and book reviews etc. from all over the world.
CALL FOR PAPERS
ABOUT EJST
Ekiti State University has been publishing journals at the Faculty and Departmental levels, But there is no university based journal. As part of the mandate of Ekiti State University, Office of Research, Development and Innovation (EKSUORD) to periodically exhibit and advertise the potentials of research results within the University as well as promoting the dissemination of intellectual publications generally, EKSUORDI announces the publication of a Science and Engineering based University journal EKSU Journal of Science and Technology (EJST). The Journal which is an international academic journal provides a platform natural, agricultural, environmental, medical scientists and engineers as well as technologists to share and expand the knowledge of scientific advancements in the myriad disciplines of science and engineering and applied aspects.
AIMS AND FOCUS
EKSU Journal of Science and Technology aims to publish and disseminate original papers that:
address ethical or socioeconomic issues relating to modern agricultural and environmental science as applicable to developing countries;
contribute to the development of science and technology for economic advancement;
innovate near market or market ready technologies and processes
publish research findings on current topical issues in science and engineering of interest to both public and private
SCOPE
EJST will publish peer reviewed original research and critical reviews on agriculture, human nutrition or human health, scientific or technological information, with particular emphasis on interdisciplinary studies that explore the intersection of agriculture, science, engineering and environment.
DOMICILIATION
The Journal is domiciled in the Office of Research, Development and Innovation, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti.
iii
SECTION
In order to encourage researchers to publish their research articles in the field of Science and Technology, the following sections are introduced:
Section A- (Agricultural Science) Section B - (Natural Sciences)
Section C - (Engineering and Technology) Section D - (Medical Sciences)
Section E-(Environmental Sciences)
FREQUENCY
The frequency of the journal is bienial.
REVIEW PROCESS
There shall be a review process of manuscripts by independent referees who are conversant and versatile in the pertinent subject area.
Authors should strive for maximum clarity of expression. Material which is not essential to the continuity of the text (e.g., proofs, derivations, or calculations) should be placed in Appendices Materials which have been previously copyrighted, published, or accepted for publication will not be considered for publication in the journal.
The editorial board is highly committed to the quick review process of the paper, but not with the sacrifice of the right judgment of a paper. The review process takes maximum of six weeks.
PROCEDURE FOR MANUSCRIPTACCEPTANCE FOR PUBLICATION
The manuscript would be sent to three (3) reviewers, of which two (2) of the reviewers\u27 comment must be positive before acceptance, and the authors would have to effect all the corrections pointed out by the reviewers in the reviewers form.
PAGE CHARGE PROOFAND REPRINTS
Manuscript should be submitted as e-mail attachment to the corresponding author who will be contacted via e-mail on the corrections of the manuscript. This volume of EJST is sponsored by Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund). With the exception of minor typographical errors, no changes will be made on the manuscript at the proof stage. A hard copy of the appropriate section and five (5) off prints would be provided for the corresponding author of each paper.
ACCESSIBILITYAND SUBSCRIPTION
EJST will be available both in print (hardcopy) and online (softcopy) format at
www.academix.ng Online accessibility is by subscription. Information on purchase of any
section, biennial, quarterly or annual subscription can be obtained by contacting EKSUORD.
ARTICLE TYPES
Regular Articles, short communication, and review will be acceptable for publication in thejournal.
INFORMATION /GUIDES FOR AUTHOR
The title page should bear the author\u27s full names and affiliation of the names of corresponding author along with fax and e-mail information. Present addresses of authors should appear as a footnote.
Abstract should be informative and self-explanatory. Should be 100-200 words in length Abstract should be written in past tense-standard nomenclature should be
iv
Abbreviation should be avoided and no literature should be cited. List of nonstandard abbreviation should be added.
Manuscript should not exceed 15-20
Introduction should provide a clear statement of the problem, the relevant literature on the subject, and the proposed approach or
Materials and methods should be complete enough to allow experiments to bereproduced and results written in past tense should be presented with clarity and
Results should be explained, but largely without referring to the
Discussion should interprete findings in view of results obtained in present and past studies on the
Conclusion should be stated in few sentences at the end of the
Acknowledgment of people, grant, funds should be
Manuscript should be typed in double-line spacing with microsoft word on A4 size paper using 12 font size (Time New Roman)
Table should be kept to a minimum, and are to be typed double line-spaced through outincluding headings and The same data should not be presented in both table andgraph form or repeated in the text.
l Figure legend should be typed in numerical order on a separate sheet.
Graphics should be prepared using applications capable of generating high resolution Gif., TIFF, JPEG or Microsoft PowerPoint before pasting in Microsoft world manuscript
In the text, a reference identified by means of an author\u27s name should be followed by the date of the reference in parentheses. When there are more than two authors\u27 names mentioned, it should be the first author followed by et al. In the event that an author cited has two or more works published during the same year, the reference, both in text and in the reference list, should be identified by a lower case letter like, a\u27 and, b\u27after the date to distinguish the works. Example: Abayomi (2000), Agindotan et al. (2003), (Kelebeni, 1983), (Usman and Smith, 1992), (Chege, 1998;
Chukwura, 1987 a, b; Tijani 1993, 1995), (Kumasi et al., 2001).
References should be listed at the end of the paper in alphabetical order. Articles In preparation or articles submitted for publication, unpublished observations, Personal communications date, etc, should not be included in the reference but should only be mentioned in the article text (eg. A. Kingory, University of Nairobi, Kenya, personal communication, date) Journal names are abbreviated according to chemical abstracts.
Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy of references. Example: Chikere C. B, Omoni V.T, and Chikere B. 0. (2008). Distribution of potential nosocomial pathogens ina hospital environmental. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 7:3535-3539.
Moran G. J, Amii R. N, Abrahamian F. M, Talan D. A. (2005), Methicilin resistantstaphylococcus aureus in community- acquired skin infections. Emeg. Infect. Dis. 11: 928-930.
Pelczar J. R. Harley J. P, Klein D. A. (1993) Microbiology: Concept and applications, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, pp 591-603.
Short Communication: Short communication are limited to a maximum of two figures and one They should present a complete study that is more limited in scope than is found
v
in fullength papers. The items of manuscript preparation listed above apply to short communications with the following differences:
Abstracts are limited to 100 words:
Instead of a separate materials and methods section, experimental procedures may be incorporated into fiqure legends and table footnotes;
Results and discussion should be combined into one
Copyrights
Submission of manuscript implies that the work described has not been published before, and that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. If and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors will agree to automatically transfer the copyrights to the publisher
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (EJST): MODELLING NIGERIA EXCHANGE RATE WITH OTHER CURRENCY USING AUTOREGRESSIVE MOVING AVERAGE (ARMA)
No full textEKSU JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (EJST)
EDITORIAL POLICY
EKSU Journal of Science and Technology (EJST) is a biannual Journal published by Ekiti State University, Office of Research, Development and Innovation. The Journal aims at periodically exhibiting and advertising the potential of research results within and outside the university as well as promoting dissemination of intellectual publications generally. The Journal, which is multidisciplinary and multicultural in nature covers the publication of original findings in Science and Engineering. It serves as a platform for academics, researchers, professionals, practitioners and students in the Science and Technology field to impart and share knowledge in the form of high quality practical, empirical and theoretical research papers, case studies, literature review and book reviews etc. from all over the world.
CALL FOR PAPERS
ABOUT EJST
Ekiti State University has been publishing journals at the Faculty and Departmental levels, But there is no university based journal. As part of the mandate of Ekiti State University, Office of Research, Development and Innovation (EKSUORD) to periodically exhibit and advertise the potentials of research results within the University as well as promoting the dissemination of intellectual publications generally, EKSUORDI announces the publication of a Science and Engineering based University journal EKSU Journal of Science and Technology (EJST). The Journal which is an international academic journal provides a platform natural, agricultural, environmental, medical scientists and engineers as well as technologists to share and expand the knowledge of scientific advancements in the myriad disciplines of science and engineering and applied aspects.
AIMS AND FOCUS
EKSU Journal of Science and Technology aims to publish and disseminate original papers that:
address ethical or socioeconomic issues relating to modern agricultural and environmental science as applicable to developing countries;
contribute to the development of science and technology for economic advancement;
innovate near market or market ready technologies and processes
publish research findings on current topical issues in science and engineering of interest to both public and private
SCOPE
EJST will publish peer reviewed original research and critical reviews on agriculture, human nutrition or human health, scientific or technological information, with particular emphasis on interdisciplinary studies that explore the intersection of agriculture, science, engineering and environment.
DOMICILIATION
The Journal is domiciled in the Office of Research, Development and Innovation, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti.
iii
SECTION
In order to encourage researchers to publish their research articles in the field of Science and Technology, the following sections are introduced:
Section A- (Agricultural Science) Section B - (Natural Sciences)
Section C - (Engineering and Technology) Section D - (Medical Sciences)
Section E-(Environmental Sciences)
FREQUENCY
The frequency of the journal is bienial.
REVIEW PROCESS
There shall be a review process of manuscripts by independent referees who are conversant and versatile in the pertinent subject area.
Authors should strive for maximum clarity of expression. Material which is not essential to the continuity of the text (e.g., proofs, derivations, or calculations) should be placed in Appendices Materials which have been previously copyrighted, published, or accepted for publication will not be considered for publication in the journal.
The editorial board is highly committed to the quick review process of the paper, but not with the sacrifice of the right judgment of a paper. The review process takes maximum of six weeks.
PROCEDURE FOR MANUSCRIPTACCEPTANCE FOR PUBLICATION
The manuscript would be sent to three (3) reviewers, of which two (2) of the reviewers\u27 comment must be positive before acceptance, and the authors would have to effect all the corrections pointed out by the reviewers in the reviewers form.
PAGE CHARGE PROOFAND REPRINTS
Manuscript should be submitted as e-mail attachment to the corresponding author who will be contacted via e-mail on the corrections of the manuscript. This volume of EJST is sponsored by Tertiary Education Trust Fund (TETFund). With the exception of minor typographical errors, no changes will be made on the manuscript at the proof stage. A hard copy of the appropriate section and five (5) off prints would be provided for the corresponding author of each paper.
ACCESSIBILITYAND SUBSCRIPTION
EJST will be available both in print (hardcopy) and online (softcopy) format at
www.academix.ng Online accessibility is by subscription. Information on purchase of any
section, biennial, quarterly or annual subscription can be obtained by contacting EKSUORD.
ARTICLE TYPES
Regular Articles, short communication, and review will be acceptable for publication in thejournal.
INFORMATION /GUIDES FOR AUTHOR
The title page should bear the author\u27s full names and affiliation of the names of corresponding author along with fax and e-mail information. Present addresses of authors should appear as a footnote.
Abstract should be informative and self-explanatory. Should be 100-200 words in length Abstract should be written in past tense-standard nomenclature should be
iv
Abbreviation should be avoided and no literature should be cited. List of nonstandard abbreviation should be added.
Manuscript should not exceed 15-20
Introduction should provide a clear statement of the problem, the relevant literature on the subject, and the proposed approach or
Materials and methods should be complete enough to allow experiments to bereproduced and results written in past tense should be presented with clarity and
Results should be explained, but largely without referring to the
Discussion should interprete findings in view of results obtained in present and past studies on the
Conclusion should be stated in few sentences at the end of the
Acknowledgment of people, grant, funds should be
Manuscript should be typed in double-line spacing with microsoft word on A4 size paper using 12 font size (Time New Roman)
Table should be kept to a minimum, and are to be typed double line-spaced through outincluding headings and The same data should not be presented in both table andgraph form or repeated in the text.
l Figure legend should be typed in numerical order on a separate sheet.
Graphics should be prepared using applications capable of generating high resolution Gif., TIFF, JPEG or Microsoft PowerPoint before pasting in Microsoft world manuscript
In the text, a reference identified by means of an author\u27s name should be followed by the date of the reference in parentheses. When there are more than two authors\u27 names mentioned, it should be the first author followed by et al. In the event that an author cited has two or more works published during the same year, the reference, both in text and in the reference list, should be identified by a lower case letter like, a\u27 and, b\u27after the date to distinguish the works. Example: Abayomi (2000), Agindotan et al. (2003), (Kelebeni, 1983), (Usman and Smith, 1992), (Chege, 1998;
Chukwura, 1987 a, b; Tijani 1993, 1995), (Kumasi et al., 2001).
References should be listed at the end of the paper in alphabetical order. Articles In preparation or articles submitted for publication, unpublished observations, Personal communications date, etc, should not be included in the reference but should only be mentioned in the article text (eg. A. Kingory, University of Nairobi, Kenya, personal communication, date) Journal names are abbreviated according to chemical abstracts.
Authors are fully responsible for the accuracy of references. Example: Chikere C. B, Omoni V.T, and Chikere B. 0. (2008). Distribution of potential nosocomial pathogens ina hospital environmental. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 7:3535-3539.
Moran G. J, Amii R. N, Abrahamian F. M, Talan D. A. (2005), Methicilin resistantstaphylococcus aureus in community- acquired skin infections. Emeg. Infect. Dis. 11: 928-930.
Pelczar J. R. Harley J. P, Klein D. A. (1993) Microbiology: Concept and applications, McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, pp 591-603.
Short Communication: Short communication are limited to a maximum of two figures and one They should present a complete study that is more limited in scope than is found
v
in fullength papers. The items of manuscript preparation listed above apply to short communications with the following differences:
Abstracts are limited to 100 words:
Instead of a separate materials and methods section, experimental procedures may be incorporated into fiqure legends and table footnotes;
Results and discussion should be combined into one
Copyrights
Submission of manuscript implies that the work described has not been published before, and that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. If and when the manuscript is accepted for publication, the authors will agree to automatically transfer the copyrights to the publisher
Department of Error: Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2020) 395(10239) (1779–1801), (S0140673620301148), (10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30114-8))
No full textReiner RC Jr, Hay SI. Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2020; 395: 1779–801—In this Article, the author byline has been amended to Local Burden of Disease Diarrhoea Collaborators. This correction has been made to the online version as of June 4, 2020, and the printed version is correct
A New Form of Authoritarianism? Rethinking Military Politics in Post-1999 Nigeria
No full textDespite the vast research that has been done on the Nigerian military, virtually all of these studies have failed to critically examine the accepted role of the military in the democratising phase. This is important because the relationship between the political elite and the military in post-military authoritarian states guarantees either democratic consolidation, or its reversal. In Nigeria, despite an appearance of significant progress in subordinating the military institution to democratic civilian authority, the military remains a crucial political actor in the polity. It appears that the military has yet to accept the core democratic principles of civilian oversight of the institution. This thesis, therefore, explores whether a new form of military authoritarianism is emerging in Nigeria, with the aim of understanding Nigeria’s military behaviour in a transitional phase, from prolonged military authoritarianism to democratisation. To examine this military behaviour, Alfred Stepan’s concept of military prerogatives that was used to understand the military’s behaviour in a transitional phase in Latin America is applied to Nigeria.
A crucial understanding of authoritarianism in Nigeria is initially discussed in this study using mainly document analysis strategy to examine whether multi-ethnic states, such as Nigeria, tend to have authoritarian systems. Six hypotheses form the core analysis of this thesis: first, that the military has retained significant military prerogatives; second, that retired military officers are gaining influential political and economic positions; third, autonomous military involvement in human rights abuses since 1999; and fourth, that civilian government oversight remains weak, and facilitates military authoritarianism. These hypotheses are primarily analysed using the elite interview technique. During the first half of 2011, the author conducted field research where serving and retired military officers were interviewed. The fifth hypothesis is that the military has intervened in politics post-1999. The examination of this hypothesis relies primarily on key security-related media reports (mostly newspaper editorials) on the military after 1999. The examination of the final hypothesis, that increases in military expenditures might facilitate a new form of military authoritarianism, relies primarily on descriptive statistical analysis. In addition, this study collated relevant historical materials that relate to the military, utilising national archival collections.
The empirical findings of this research did not identify a new form of military authoritarianism in Nigeria. The study, however, argues that the unrestricted institutional framework accorded the military has contributed significantly to authoritarian practices in the post-military era in Nigeria. This study discovered that there were similarities between the Brazilian and Nigerian militaries in regard to their military spending during their period in power. Both countries had lower defence budgets. Just as in Brazil, it appears that part of the reason the Nigerian military decided to relinquish power in 1999 had to do with its desire to gain a higher budget, something that was precluded in a military government struggling to retain a sense of legitimacy. The military needed a higher budget to modernise and re-professionalise its institution after more than a decade in power. This feature, which the Nigerian military shares with the Brazilian military, appears to justify the application to Nigeria of Alfred Stepan’s concept of military prerogatives.
The Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decrees (1972 and 1977) and indigenisation in Nigeria
No full textThe thesis is a comprehensive examination of the Nigerian
Enterprises Promotion Decrees of 1972 and 1977, and more broadly
of the process of indigenisation in Nigeria.
A brief introduction to the historical background of indigenisation
before 1970 is followed by an account of the timing of the Decrees
in the context of the oil boom in the country's economy. An
examination of the problems encountered in implementing the Decrees
and their effects, and an analysis of the distribution of benefits,
is informed by empirical research including interviews, carried out
by the author in Nigeria between 1982 and 1985.
The record shows that indigenisation has led to the consolidation
of an economy which accommodates the interests of ex-State personnel,
the State as an institution, private indigenous businessmen and
foreign capital, in an order which is far from certain to bring about
the national economic independence which, in official terms, is the
chief objective.
Nigeria's commitment to capitalism and the promotion of
Indigenous private enterprise, on the basis of resources generated
initially by the agricultural economy, between the 1940s and 1960s,
and then much more spectacularly and more significantly by oil
revenues in the 1970s, provides an instructive example of the limits
to what a post-colonial society in black Africa can achieve by trying
to indigenise the ownership structure of its economy
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