920,906 research outputs found
Broker’s liability for premiums – hitting the right notes?
No full textThe Law Commissions’ Insurance Contract Law consultation is due to be closed on 20 March 2012. Ms Adebowale Awofeso discusses the Law Commissions’ proposals as to reforming the broker’s liability for premiums, and whether such reforms are welcom
Women empowerment and the current use of long acting and permanent contraceptive: Evidence from 2010 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey
No full textBackground
Both contraceptive use and fertility rates are high fertility in Malawi. Status of women remains low and is believed to affect reproductive health decisions including use of Long Acting and Permanent Contraceptives Method (LAPCM).
Objective
This study seeks to examine the relationship between women empowerment and LAPCM. A measure of women’s empowerment is derived from the women’s responses to questions on the number of household decisions in
which the respondent participates, employment status, type of earnings, women’s control over cash earnings and level of education.
Methods
The study is based on a sub sample of 5,948 married women from the 2010 Malawi Demographic and Health Survey. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square and multinomial logistic regression models (α=5%).
Results
The prevalence of current use of LAPCM was 20.0% and increases with increasing empowerment level (p<0.001). Mean age and empowerment score of women who are currently using LAPCM were 38.53±6.2 years and 6.80±2.9 respectively. Urban women (22.2%) were more currently using LAPCM than rural women (19.4%) p<0.001. Women who belong to Seven Day Adventists/Baptist were 1.51(C.I=1.058-2.153; p=0.023) more likely and Muslims were 0.58(C.I=0.410-0.809; p=0.001) less likely to currently use LAPCM than Catholic women. Being in the richest wealth
quintile (OR=1.91; C.I=1.362-2.665; p<0.001) promotes current use of LAPCM than poorest. The likelihood of currently using LAPCM was higher among women who have access to FP programmes on media and increases consistently with increasing women empowerment level even when other potential confounding variables were used as control.
Conclusion
In Malawi, LAPCM is still underutilized and more than half of the women are not adequately empowered. Women empowerment, wealth quintile and access to FP programmes are key factors influencing the use of LAPCM. Programmes that address these determinants are urgently needed in Malawi
Soufflet Negoce v Bunge SA [2009] EWHC 2454 (Comm). Readiness to load – GAFTA form 49 clause 9 – Notice of readiness (NOR)
No full textThe facts The contract was for the sale of 15,000 tons of feed barley, FOB Nikotera, Ukraine; delivery 9-22 October 2006 at buyers’ call; weight and quantity to be final as issued by a GAFTA approved surveyor. Terms were provided as to laytime, demurrage or despatch, with laytime to commence upon issue of a valid notice of readiness. The sale contract also incorporated the GAFTA form No 49.<br/
Law Commissions’ reform proposals on marine and commercial insurance – “yay” or “nay”?
No full textIn April 2013, a symposium organised by the Institute of International Shipping and Trade Law, Swansea University, on the recent Law Commissions’ reform proposals on businessinsurance, shed some light on the views of the main stakeholders in the market, and what direction the Law Commissions are likely to take. The symposium covered the June 2012 consultation paper on the Business Insured’s Duty of Disclosure and the Law of Warranties, as well as the December 2011 consultation paper on Post Contract Duties and other Issue
Marine insurance brokers and payment of premium. The Law Commission's issues paper
No full textA Law Commission consultation paper on broker’s liability was published in July 2010, seeking opinion as to whether s53 of the Marine Insurance Act 1906 is still needed in today’s insurance market and welcoming responses by 19 October 2010. The paper analyses the common law custom and fiction surrounding s53(1), the conflicting case law it has generated, and s53(2). The position outside of s53 is also examined, followed by the case for and against reform
From public services to “services to the public”: the three elements of contemporary welfare
No full textPublic services are dying a slow death, but what comes next? Lord Adebowale and Henry Kippin set out a vision for a move towards “services to the public” – a vision that requires us to re-think the needs of citizens, the reality of a mixed economy, as well as the relationship between citizens and the state
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Influence of gender preference and sex composition of surviving children on childbearing intention among high fertility married women in stable union in Malawi
No full textBackground: Child’s gender preference (GP) frequently leads to high fertility which has adverse effect on family health. The link between women’s fertility intention, GP and Living Children’s Sex Composition (LCSC) as found in this study is less explored in Malawi.Objectives: We examined the relationship between GP, LCSC and fertility intention.Methods: This study utilized 2010 MDHS dataset and focused on married women aged 15-49 years (n=1739) in stable unions who currently have at least 5 living children. Data was analyzed at bivariate and multivariate levels (α=0.05).Results: About 39.7% of the women have GP and higher proportion (23.3%) has preference for females. Age, region, wealth-quintile, religion, residence and family planning programmes were significantly associated with fertility intention. Women who have GP and same LCSC were 1.35 and 2.4 times significantly more likely to have intention to bear more children than those who have no GP and different sexes composition respectively. These odd ratios changed to 1.38 for GP and 2.44 for LCSC after adjusting for other socio-demographic variables.Conclusions: We find that GP and LCSC significantly influence women’s intention to bear more children. Women should stop childbearing after attaining their desired number irrespective of the LCSC.Keywords: Fertility intention, Gender preference, Children sex composition, High fertility married wome
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The construction of Karen Karnak: The multi-author-function
No full textThis thesis is situated within the comparatively recent developments of Web 2.0 and the emergence of interactive WikiMedia, and explores the mode of authorship within a Read/Write culture compared to that of a Read/Only tradition. The hypothesis of this study is that the role of the audience has become merged with the author, and as such, represents new functions and attributes, distinct from a more conventional concept of authorship, in which the roles of audience and author are more separate. Read/Write and participatory culture, as defined by this study, is focused on collaboration, and includes the influences of D.I.Y. culture, Open-Source practices and the production of text by multiple authors. Multi-authorship presents a re-thinking of several concepts which support the notion of the individual author, since the focus of multi-authorship is not on attribution and ownership of a finished text, but on the continued malleability of a text. Modes of multi-authorship, demonstrated in the use of the pseudonyms Alan Smithee and Karen Eliot, represent declarative authors whose names signify multiple origins, whilst concurrently indicating a distinct body of work. The function of these names form an important context to this study, since primary research involves the construction of an experimental mode of multi-authorship utilising WikiMedia technology and the interaction of thirty nine participants, who are invited to create a body of work under the collective pseudonym Karen Karnak. The data generated by this experiment is analysed using aspects of Michel Foucault's author-function to identify and determine power structures inherent in the WikiMedia context. The interplay of power structures, including concepts such as identity, ownership and the body of work, affect the resulting mode of authorship and contribute to the construction of Karen Karnak, suggesting further areas of research into the emerging multi-author
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