30 research outputs found
Impact of distributed generation on the Nigerian power network
Get PDFDistributed generations (DG) are being installed at increasing rates, both in developed and developing countries. The increasing number of DG connected to the distribution system could have a significant impact on the power system operation. This paper presents a case study investigating the impact of grid-connected DG on the Nigerian power network in terms of bus voltages and network losses. The results showed that without DG, some of the bus voltage magnitudes of the test system were outside the permissible voltage limit of 0.95pu≤Vi≤1.05p.u. However, with DG connected, the voltage magnitudes were improved to allowable values. The network active power loss was reduced by 12.03% from 85.60MW to 75.30MW. In this way, the power system becomes more efficient and secured
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Universal Jurisdiction: The Sierra Leone Profile
No full textThis book is about the combating of impunity from international criminality, with a special focus on the role of Sierra Leone as a pioneer in the progressive application of international criminal law in the African region. Despite Sierra Leone's role, the country's profile, both in terms of the incorporation and application of the doctrine of universal jurisdiction, is deficient in several major respects falling far short of its dual international obligation not to provide safe havens from justice for perpetrators of international crimes and to combat impunity from such crimogenic acts. Based on his vast experience in this field, the author provides the reader with a seminal scholarly work articulating the existing state of the law in Sierra Leone and highlighting the deficiencies in the law and factors inhibiting the exercise of universal jurisdiction in this UN member state. He also proposes substantive and procedural law reforms in the state's relevant law on the subject. The book is recommended reading for practitioners and scholars in international criminal law and related disciplines. Its accessibility is highly enhanced by relevant footnotes, tables and summaries of each chapter. Justice Bankole Thompson holds a Ph.D. in Law from the University of Cambridge. He is Professor Emeritus of Criminal Justice Studies, Eastern Kentucky University, USA. He was a Judge of the Special Court for Sierra Leone. Currently, Justice Thompson is a Judge of the Residual Special Court for Sierra Leone, and a fellow of the Sierra Leone Institute of International Law
Renewable energy sources acceptability for decentralized energy system in Nigeria: Issues, challenges and prospects
No full textThe increasing awareness of environmental concerns, coupled with the need to enhance energy security and alleviate the impacts of climate change, has fast-tracked an intensive exploration of renewable energy technologies. The development has indeed recorded remarkable growth in most developed countries like China, USA, Brazil, and China. However, this is not the same as most developing countries in Africa. This work carried out a comprehensive review of the available Renewable Energy Sources (RES) in Nigeria, assessed its level of utilization, identified the challenges, and suggested effective ways of ensuring the adoption of a decentralized energy system through the use of RES. A critical analysis of public opinions on the acceptability of RES as a decentralized energy system in the country was carried out. The work sampled the opinions of people in the adoption of RES for a decentralized energy system using southwest, Nigeria as a case study. The population involves power stakeholders, rural dwellers, RES experts, and policymakers across the six states of southwest, Nigeria. A well-structured questionnaire was designed to capture nuanced responses on a range of key parameters, including awareness levels, acceptance, and perceived benefits and challenges associated with decentralized renewable energy systems. The research findings (through the use of questionnaires) showed a very low level of awareness and acceptability of RES and provided valuable insights into the potential barriers and possible facilitating conditions for the adoption of renewable energy technologies
Sustainable Energy Development in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and Prospects
Get PDFThe country, Nigeria is confronted with myriads of challenges hindering its access to reliable and sustainable power supply in both urban and rural areas. The existing energy infrasructures are incapable of translating the so many Renewable Energy Souces (available in almost every part of the country) to a sustainable energy supply system, capable of bridging the wide power supply-demand gap. This paper proposes the use of solar, biomass and small hydropower technologies for a sustainable energy development in rural and urban areas of the country. This work reviewed the present state of energy in the country, recommended the use of decentralised power system and off-grid /on-grid hybrid power system as a sustainable energy development model for the country. Then, the neccesity for aggressive Renewable Energy Sources integration into the national energy mix through sustainable growth involving decentralised renewable energy system and distributed generation applications. This work will assist power sector stakeholders in making informed decisions towards promotion of green economy and growth of hybrid power system technology in Nigeria. 
Design of Automated Walk-Through Sanitizing Booth: A Preventive Measure Against Re-Emergence and Spread of COVID-19 Related Diseases
No full text<p> Considering the alarming rate with which the Corona-virus spread around the globe and its devastating effect on the economic, social and psychological well-being of the people worldwide, it is necessary to take measures that may prevent such re-occurrence in the nearest future. The impact of the virus was quite severe, indicating the importance of taking precautions. Realizing the gravity of the situation, governments all over the world, imposed a nationwide lockdown early on, which helped to decrease the possibility of community transmission. However, even after the lockdown, the risk of cross-contamination continues to be a significant concern. This risk was particularly high with asymptomatic individuals who can unknowingly spread the virus without exhibiting serious symptoms. Even now, that clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of some vaccines in reducing mild, moderate, and severe cases of COVID-19. It is necessary to set up preventive measures in combating the occurrence or re-emergence of such pandemic Corona-virus related diseases in the nearest future. A full body sanitizing machine which can be easily constructed was designed in this work. This machine takes the form of a door and tunnel structure, with two sides enclosed by Chaka Plates and two sides open for entry and exit purposes. When a person enters the tunnel, a sensor located at the top center detects its presence and activates the motor, which initiates the entire system. A total of 8-10 sprayers are activated and spray the person's body, automatically stopping after 4 seconds. This machine is capable of sanitizing fifteen people per minute. The discharged fluid and the temperatures of ten individual samples were tested and analyzed in order to ensure that the booth is working effectively. The tested samples confirmed that the tested samples have not been previously infected with the COVID-19 virus. </p>
Comparative study of off-grid and grid-connected hybrid power system: issues, future prospects and policy framework
Get PDFA sustainable energy system is of utmost importance for any significant development in any nation. This work identified some obstacles inhibiting rapid renewable energy growth in Nigeria and recommended some policy measures in overcoming them. Moreover, a comparative study of off-grid (OG) and grid-connected (GC) small hydro-solar photovoltaic-diesel hybrid system was carried out using Oyan river, Abeokuta, Nigeria as a case study. The hybrid components were modeled with and without the grid. The hydro solar resources data of the area were collected and analyzed using hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software. The simulation results proved that the GC hybrid power system is better than the OG hybrid power system in technical and economic terms depending on the location. This paper, therefore, proposed the use of OG hybrid power system for electrification of distant villages especially where extending the grid seems infeasible and the use of GC hybrid power system in the urban areas. The work will assist power sector stakeholders in making informed decisions towards the growth of hybrid power system technology in Nigeria
Design of Automated Walk-Through Sanitizing Booth: A Preventive Measure Against Re-Emergence and Spread of COVID-19 Related Diseases
Get PDFConsidering the alarming rate with which the Corona-virus spread around the globe and its devastating effect on the economic, social and psychological well-being of the people worldwide, it is necessary to take measures that may prevent such re-occurrence in the nearest future. The impact of the virus was quite severe, indicating the importance of taking precautions. Realizing the gravity of the situation, governments all over the world, imposed a nationwide lockdown early on, which helped to decrease the possibility of community transmission. However, even after the lockdown, the risk of cross-contamination continues to be a significant concern. This risk was particularly high with asymptomatic individuals who can unknowingly spread the virus without exhibiting serious symptoms. Even now, that clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of some vaccines in reducing mild, moderate, and severe cases of COVID-19. It is necessary to set up preventive measures in combating the occurrence or re-emergence of such pandemic Corona-virus related diseases in the nearest future. A full body sanitizing machine which can be easily constructed was designed in this work. This machine takes the form of a door and tunnel structure, with two sides enclosed by Chaka Plates and two sides open for entry and exit purposes. When a person enters the tunnel, a sensor located at the top center detects its presence and activates the motor, which initiates the entire system. A total of 8-10 sprayers are activated and spray the person's body, automatically stopping after 4 seconds. This machine is capable of sanitizing fifteen people per minute. The discharged fluid and the temperatures of ten individual samples were tested and analyzed in order to ensure that the booth is working effectively. The tested samples confirmed that the tested samples have not been previously infected with the COVID-19 virus. 
Feasibility and optimal design of a hybrid power system for rural electrification for a small village
Get PDFA hybrid renewable energy system is at present accepted globally, as the best option for rural electrification particularly in areas where grid extension is infeasible. However, the need for hybrid design to be optimal in terms of operation and component selection serves as a challenge in obtaining reliable electricity at a minimum cost. In this work, the feasibility of installing a small hydropower into an existing water supply dam and the development of an optimal sizing optimization model for a small village-Itapaji, Nigeria were carried out. The developed hybrid power system (HPS) model consists of solar photovoltaic, small hydropower, battery and diesel generator. The optimal sizing of the system’s components for optimum configuration was carried out using Genetic Algorithm. The hybrid model’s results were compared with hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) using correlation coefficient (r) and root mean square error (RMSE) to verify its validity. The results of the simulation obtained from the developed model showed better correlation coefficient (r) of 0.88 and root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.001 when compared to that of HOMER. This will serve as a guide for the power system engineers in the feasibility assessment and optimal design of HPS for rural electrification
Design and implementation of virtual network testbeds for routing protocols
Get PDFIn this project, we present the design and implementation of virtual network testbeds for studying routing changes. A virtual network testbed is a computer network that is completely created in software, while routing changes directly impact on the reliability and the reachability information of the network. We used testbeds to emulate a small and a large-scale network on a single Linux machine. These emulated networks allow the study of network behavior and operations which are examined using two routing protocols: Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). We implemented a fifteen-node network to study RIP, and a model of the GÈANT network to examine OSPF in virtual network testbeds. Each testbed represents an autonomous system (AS) or an intra-domain environment. Therefore, these environments provided us with the opportunities to evaluate routing changes in an AS. We used the testbeds to compare the routing of the original network with the new routing of the missing links and routers to see what changes occur. The GÈANT network is the large-scale network used for investigations in this project. We then used our emulation results of the large-scale network to compare with the simulation work for the same network topology-the GÈANT network, and confirmed that our emulation studies also identified important links and routers in the same network. --P.ii.The original print copy of this thesis may be available here: http://wizard.unbc.ca/record=b162504
